Bellringer

• Complete the writing activity

Agenda

1. The Pats2. Timeline project 3. The Punic Wars4. Collapse of the Republic

Objectives

Students will be able to…44. Analyze the evolution of the

Roman Republic.45. Describe the events and

significance of the Punic Wars.46. Analyze the events leading to the

collapse of the Republic.

Kings of Rome

• Kings of Rome–Romulus to Tarquin

Objective #44

The Pats

• Read part 1 of the scenario, and answer the questions• DO NOT TURN THE PAGE! You’ll ruin

the whole activity!

The Pats

• How do you feel about the new work system at Park View?

• Read part 2 and answer the questions

The Pats

• How do you feel about the new work system now?• Do you think it is fair?

The Pats

• How might you get the Pats to change the work process?–Overthrow the Pats–Go on strike–Elect representatives to negotiate

with the Pats

Plebeians and Patricians

School Story• A small group of Pats took

over all authority

• Pats decided how students would clean up the school

• Most students were workers

Historical Reality• Patricians were members of

a small number of wealthy families and inherited their political power and wealth

• Patricians made most political decisions in Rome

• Plebeians made up most of Roman society – peasants, laborers, shopkeepers, artisans

Plebeians and Patricians

School Story• Workers could not make

decisions or use the fun areas of the school

• Workers stopped cleaning/ painting (went on strike)

• Workers elected representatives to negotiate with the Pats

Historical Reality• Plebeians had fewer

privileges than patricians and could not serve in government

• Plebeians withdrew from Rome until given a voice

• Plebeians elected Tribunes to protect their political rights

Twelve Tables• If any person has sung or composed

against another person a SONG (carmen) such as was causing slander or insult.... he shall be clubbed to death.• If a person has maimed another's limb,

let there be retaliation in kind, unless he agrees to make compensation with him.

Twelve Tables

• Whoever is convicted of speaking false witness shall be flung from the Tarpeian Rock.• Putting to death... of any man who

has not been convicted, whosoever he might be, is forbidden.

Timeline project

–RANDOM groups• I will give you due dates next class!•THIS IS WORTH MORE THAN A UNIT TEST

Evolution of the Republic

• Changes occurred over time, not all at once• Responses to class conflict –Poor get angry enough to demand

change, and scary enough to be listened to

Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #7Classes struggle; some classes

triumph

The Punic Wars

Rome ExpandsWhich

encouraged population

growth

Which required

expansion to more land to

grow food

Which required

conquering neighbors for

safety

Which led to more

available land

As a Republic, Rome had stable government

Sometimes, ConflictWhich

encouraged population

growth

Which required

expansion to more land to

grow food

Which required

conquering neighbors for

safety

Which led to more

available land

As a Republic, Rome had stable government

Which encouraged population

growth

Which required

expansion to more land to

grow food

Which required

conquering neighbors for

safety

Which led to more

available land

Which the rich and poor fought over

Which led to conflict, then

a new deal for the poor

Which gave the poor

some rights to land

Which led to more

available land

Early Roman Enemies

• The Romans conquered–The Etruscans (the student

becomes the teacher)–The Greek colonies in southern

Italy

Conquered PeoplesNear Rome

• Latins: full citizens of Rome

• Rest of Italy: all the rights of Roman citizenship, except voting

Further Away

• All other conquered people became allies– Left alone as long as

they sent troops to the Roman army and did not make treaties with other states

Rome’s Defenses

• North• East• West• South?

Rome, meet Carthage

• To defend a southern attack, Rome had to control Sicily

• After the Greeks, Carthage controlled the island

Carthage

• Carthage dominated the Western Mediterranean–Sicily helped them move east–Trade conflict with Greeks–At first, no trouble with the

Romans

Roots of Carthage• Carthage was a Phoenician colony–Who were the Phoenicians?

• Founded in 814 BC• Became independent when Phoenicia

was conquered by the Babylonians• Controlled large trading empire in the

Western Mediterranean

Punic Wars

• Rome and Carthage fought three times between 264 BC and 146 BC• Known as the Punic Wars–(Latin for Phoenician)

First Punic War• In 264 BC, war begins when Rome and

Carthage support opposite sides of a conflict on Sicily• Outcomes:–Rome wins! Ends in 241 BC–Rome captures half of Sicily–Rome discovers that it needs a navy

Second Punic War

• In 218 BC, Rome and Carthage fight again. This time, it was a conflict over territories in Spain and Sardinia• They fight in Italy!

Second Punic War• Carthage is led by

Hannibal• He marches from

Spain, crossing over the Alps, and losing many men and elephants

Second Punic War

Hannibal in Italy• Though half his army

died on the way, Hannibal raids Italy for 10 years– He won’t attack cities– Rome won’t attack him

directly– Hannibal expects the

Italians to help him. They don’t

Battle of Trebia• Hannibal was very smart and patient, the Romans

were not• Hannibal sent over a small scout party to provoke

the Romans into battle.• The Romans greatly outnumbered them (42,000 vs

30,000)– Romans lost around 32,000 men– Hannibal lost only 4-5000

Battle of Trebia

Battle of Lake Trasimene

• Hannibal was very smart and patient, the Romans were not

• Hannibal knew the Romans had quickly built a “new” army and were desperate to beat him.

• Hannibal laid a new trap…• Again the Romans out numbered Hannibal (40,000 va

30,000)– Romans lost roughly 15,000 KIA and another 5,000

captured and sold into slavery– Hannibal lost about about 3,000!

Battle of Cannae• Fabian strategy… – Rome said enough is enough

• Rome amassed the largest army it had ever fielded!• Decided to have a final showdown with Hannibal• Rome had close to a 2:1 advantage (85,000 vs

50,000)• Roman Consol Varro got impatient (Hannibal tricked

him) and attacked!

We got em on the run!

OPPS

• Turned out to be a bad move!• Rome lost roughly 75,000 men (killed) and another

3-4,000 were captured!• Hannibal lost only about 7,000

Recap

Scipio• Scipio, a Roman general,

comes up with a winning plan– Attacks Carthaginian

territory– Head for Carthage itself!

• Hannibal races home but is defeated at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC

Third Punic War

• Carthage is weak after Hannibal’s defeat, but Rome is still angry• Began a new war in 149 BC under

the slogan “Carthago delenda est”

“Carthage must be destroyed”• The city is destroyed in 146 BC

Punic Wars Outcomes

• Rome’s army and navy are experienced and trained• Rome can now control the entire

Mediterranean from Anatolia to Spain

Social Conflict

• Expansion creates wealth, but it is not equally distributed • Poor soldiers feel they should get

more, or have to fight less• Rome soon finds that this empire

thing is tough work!

Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #8

Expanding is easy, governing is hard

Ice Cube Corollary: Governin’ ain’t easy, but it’s necessary

The Republic Collapses

• Rome conquered a lot of land:–More wealth, more slaves

• Rich owned large farms worked by slaves and got richer• Poor got…nothing• Generals recruited poor men for their

personal armies – loyal to individuals, not to Rome

Slaves Rebel• Slaves revolted and escaped–They were often used as gladiators for

entertainment–They were armed and trained by their

masters!• Three slave wars between 135BC and

71BC–The 3rd was led by Spartacus

The Gracchi

• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus–Tribunes who tried to help the

poor–Both assassinated–Civil war resulted with generals

taking over Rome