Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary...

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Transcript of Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary...

Page 1: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Bell Ringer

Page 2: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Cell Division Review

Units 5 & 6

Page 3: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Prokaryotic Cell Division

• Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission

• After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus, so mitosis does NOT happen.

Page 4: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

This process is called

Binary Fission

DNA

Replication

Cytokinesis

Page 5: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

This is the Cell Cycle

M Phase

Page 6: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Eukaryotic Somatic (Body) Cell Division =

Mitosis Stages of Cell Cycle

• Interphase – G1 = Growth – S = DNA replication – G2 = Prepare for Mitosis

• M Phase – Mitosis = Division of Nucleus

• Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

– Cytokinesis = Division of Cytoplasm

Page 7: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

MITOSIS

REPRODUCTION OF BODY CELLS

PRODUCES

2 IDENTICAL DIPLOID CELLS

Page 8: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Interphase • Cell Grows

& Prepares for Division

• DNA is Replicated

Page 9: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Prophase • Chromosomes

become visible

• Nuclear Membrane & Nucleolus Disappear

• SPINDLE FORMS

EARLY LATE

Page 10: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Metaphase • Spindle Fibers

attach to the Centromeres

• Chromosomes Line up in the Middle/ Equator

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Anaphase

• Sister Chromatids are Pulled Apart (separated) to opposite poles of the cell

Page 12: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Telophase • Nuclear

Membrane & Nucleolus Reform

• Chromosomes Unwind into Chromatin

Page 13: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Cytokinesis • Cytoplasm Divides

• 2 Identical daughter cells form with the SAME number of chromosomes as parent cell

Occurs during Telophase

Page 14: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

MITOSIS

END RESULT:

Produces 2 Genetically Identical

Diploid Body (Somatic) Cells

Page 15: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Cytokinesis • ANIMAL CELL • PLANT CELL

Page 16: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

MEIOSIS

REPRODUCTION OF SEX CELLS

PRODUCES

4 GENETICALLY DIFFERENT HAPLOID GAMETES

Page 17: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Interphase • Cell Grows

& Prepares for Division

• DNA is Replicated

Page 18: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Meiosis I

Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I

Page 19: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Meiosis II

Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II

2 Stages of

Division

HAPLOID 4

Page 20: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Crossing Over Synapsis/Tetrad = Homologous Chromosomes

Pair Up & Cross Over • Crossing Over begins during Prophase I & ends during Anaphase I

• Crossing Over is important because

– It increases Genetic Diversity

– It ensures that all cells produced during meiosis are Different

– It Unlinks genes

Page 21: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,
Page 22: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Homologous Chromosomes

Pair Up & Cross Over

Homologous Chromosomes

Line Up In The Middle

(double line)

Page 23: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Meiosis I

Homologous Chromosomes

Separate

Page 24: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Chromosomes Line Up

in the Middle

(single line)

Sister Chromatids

Separate

Spindle Reforms &

Chromosomes Attach

Page 25: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Meiosis II

Produces 4 Genetically Different

Haploid Gametes (Sex Cells)

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1 ovum (egg) produced

4 sperm produced

Fertilization

Zygote

Page 27: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Karyotype: Male or Female?

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Karyotype: Male or Female?

Page 29: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Human Gametes normally have 23 chromosomes.

Human Body Cells normally have 46 chromosomes

(23 pairs).

Page 30: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

What is this disorder called? Down’s Syndrome OR Trisomy 21

This is caused by Nondisjunction.

Nondisjunction can occur during Anaphase I OR Anaphase II of

meiosis if the chromosomes do not SEPARATE correctly.

Page 31: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Stage of Meiosis =

Anaphase I

Stage of Meiosis =

Anaphase II

Too Many

Chromosomes

Page 32: Bell Ringer - WordPress.com · Prokaryotic Cell Division •Prokaryotic Cell Division = Binary Fission •After DNA replication occurs, the cytoplasm divides. There is NO nucleus,

Chromosomes

Line Up in the

Middle/Equator

Homologous

Chromosomes

Line Up in the

Middle/Equator

Crossing

Over

Sister Chromatids Separate

Homologous

Chromosomes

Separate

Haploid

Diploid

2

Identical

Body Cells

4

Genetically Different Gametes

(sex cells)