Bell Ringer is on Edmodo. AMERICA IN WORLD WAR I.
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Transcript of Bell Ringer is on Edmodo. AMERICA IN WORLD WAR I.
Bell Ringer is on Edmodo
AMERICA IN WORLD WAR I
U.S. DECLARES WAR!!
April 6, 1917, at President Wilson’s request, Congress declared war on Germany.
NOW THE US HAS TO PREPARE FOR WAR
DRAFTS
May 1917- Selective Service Act aka a draft
• 24 million registered• 3 million were drafted• Women could enlist (not for combat)• African Americans
• Served in segregated units• Couldn’t join the marines• Very few officers• Received the worst jobs
• Drafts during the Civil War were rioted against• Now drafts seemed to be needed because this
was the “war to end all wars”
GETTING READY FOR WAR
• Draftees would have to be trained
• September 1918 – began arriving a training camps• Learned to fire guns, dig trenches, use bayonet, dig a trench, put on a
gas mask, and throw a grenade
• Draftees would have only a few weeks from the time they arrived at camps to the time they were sent to Europe to fight
• The Convoy System
• To combat Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, ships began traveling in convoys
• A group of unarmed ships surrounded by a ring of destroyers, torpedo boats, and other armed naval vessels equipped with hydrophones to detect submarines
• Merchant ships losses dropped in half
GETTING READY FOR WAR CONTINUED
• American Soldiers in Europe
• American troops kept separate from Triple Entente soldiers• Healthier, stronger, more energy, and not demoralized• Pushed ahead of the British and French soldiers on the
front lines• 300k African-American soldiers were segregated from white
soldiers• Not accepted in the Marines – 1942 first would be
accepted• Harlem Hell Fighters
• Integrated with the French army and would
Earn the highest French combat metal – Croix de Guerre
TURNING THE TIDE OF WAR
• Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks over through the Republican government in Russia – November 1917
• Lenin signs treaty with Germany giving them West Russian industrial and rich farmlands
• Russia withdraw from the war allowing Germany to focus on a one fronted war
• Germany had one last attack on the Triple Entente before the US would arrive
• For the 1st time since 1914 Germany fought past the trenches and would make to 50 miles outside of Paris – May 1918
AMERICANS SAVE PARIS
• The Second Battle of Marne – 28k US troops joined the French and stopped a massive attack by the Germans
• Forced Germans back across the Marne and ended Germany’s hope for victory
• Tanks allowed for troops to cross trenches and roll through barded wire with ease
• August 8th, 1918 – Battle of Amiens – Entente troops stopped the Central Powers advancing and retook claimed lands
• General Von Ludendorff says “black day of the German army”• Advised the Central Powers to enter into a peace treaty with the
US• Only wanted a total surrender
• War in the Air
• Only 55 planes when the war started• Planes were built w/ wood frames mostly with open air cockpits• 1918 over 1,500 planes
• Organized bombing took place to confuse and frighten enemy troops• Not accurate at destroying targets
ENDING THE WAR• The Central Power began collapsing one by one
• Germany continued to beg for peace before fighting would reach German soil
• Still refused until Germany agreed to “total surrender”• Kaiser Wilhelm II retreated to Holland which allowed for a
new German Republic• Signed an armistice, or cease fire, on November 11, 1918
• 6 hours later all fighting had come to an end