Bell Ringer…

Grab each court case. Answer the questions pertaining to the case that you were assigned to.

Agenda and Objectives: Through court cases and note review students will identify the importance of civil rights in the 1960s

Civil Rights Review

Griswold v. Connecticut Gideon v. Wainwright Miranda v. Arizona Engle v. Vitale Roe v. Wade

Major Civil Rights Court Cases

Women’s Rights Movement and the Sexual Revolution

A. The Sexual Revolution (early ‘60s)1. Birth control pill and antibiotics encouraged freer sexual practices2. Challenged the traditional

values of pre-marital sex as taboo

B. Eleanor Roosevelt’s Commission on the Status of Women, 1961-631. Highlighted inequalities women faced

2. Endorsed improvements in education, equal employment, child care, and governmental opportunities for women

President Kennedy with Eleanor

Roosevelt, chair of the commission to

investigate women’s issues, February 12,

1962

Betty Friedan1. The Feminine Mystique (1963) is considered a classic of women’s protest literature -- Criticized the plight of women with domestic duties who also had to work full-time at jobs that paid women less then men

2. National Organization for Women (NOW) a. Called for equal employment opportunities and equal pay b. Sought changes in divorce laws to make settlements more fair for women c. Sought legalization of abortion

Sought an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) extending same 14th Amendment guarantees to women

Passed Congress in 1972 but failed to get ¾ of states to ratify by the early 1980s

Failed to pass as the movement was limited to middle-class women while pro-life groups argued against it

Gains for women1. 1972, gov’t mandated affirmative action which helped women2. Several corporations forced to provide back wages for female employees who had not received equal pay for equal work3. Roe v. Wade (1973) legalized abortion nationally a. Polarized Americans politically for the next 40 years b. Before, states had determined legality of abortion4. Increased inclusion in the military

5. Title IX in 1972 guaranteed equal access for girls to programs boys benefited from (e.g. high school and college sports)6. Ms. Magazine became women’s liberation most influential publication -- Founded in 1972 by Gloria Steinem

Women began breaking important barriers

a. Sally Ride: first female astronaut in early 1980s

b. Sandra Day O’Connor: first female Supreme Court justice (appointed by Reagan in 1981)

c. Geraldine Ferraro: first female vice presidential candidate for a major party (Democratic party in 1984)

Other Minorities fight for rights

Chicanos (Mexican-Americans) 1. Cesar Chavez led the United

Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) and succeeded in gaining improved working conditions for Chicano migrant workers

Native Americans 1. Occupy Alcatraz (1969-71)

inspired numerous incidents of civil disobedience

2. American Indian Movement founded in 1968

a. 1972, AIM seized the Bureau of Indian Affairs building in Washington, D.C. protesting desperate conditions on reservations

b. 1973, Wounded Knee, South Dakota occupied by AIM and Oglala Sioux

Held it for two months and gained national publicity

Several died and 300 were arrested

Leaders eventually acquitted Gained fishing rights and

millions of dollars for lost lands

Gay rights 1. Emerged in the late 1960s and

used civil rights laws to win discrimination cases over the next four decades

2. Stonewall Inn incident began the movement where police arrested gay patrons in Greenwich Village, New York City

The Stonewall Inn in 1969. The sign in the window reads: "We

homosexuals plead with our people to please help maintain peaceful and

quiet conduct on the streets of the Village”