Beli Shum u Shumi [Oc]r

8/10/2019 Beli Shum u Shumi [Oc]r

1/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)


2/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

[\

]

White no ise {slang)

The term w

hi

te

noise, the 'sh' noise produced by

a signal containing all audible

fr

equencies of

vi

bration,

is sometimes used as slang (or a

neologism)

to

describe a meaning less commot ion

or chatter

that

masks or obliterates underlying

i

nfo

rmation. The

inf

ormation itsel f may have

characteristics that achieve this effect without

the need to introducing a masking layer. A

common example

of

this usage is a pol it ician

including

more

information than needed to mask

a poi

nt

he doesn't want noticed.

In

mus ic the

term is used for mus ic that is discordant with no

me lody ; disagreeable, harsh or dissonant.

On

the

January 11 2005 broadcast of ABC's

Good

o

rning Ame ri

ca

, Cla

ir

e Shipman claimed

the polit ica l rhetoric on Social Sec

urit

y is

whi

te

noi

se

to

most Americans. The novel

Whit e Noise by Don Del i l lo explores several

themes

that

emerged during the mid-to-late

twent

iet h

century

. The

title

is a

metaphor

pointing

to

the confluence of all the

symp

t oms of

postmodern

culture that in the ir coming- together

make it very d ifficult for an i

ndividual

to actual ize

his or her ideas and personal ity.


3/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

Don Del i l lo (born November 20, 1936) is an

award-winning American

author, playwright, and

essayist. His works have covered subjects as

diverse

as

television, nuclear war, sports,

the

complexities of language, perform ance art, the

Co ld War, mathematics, the advent of the digita l

age, and global terrorism. He currently lives near

New York C

it

y in the suburb of Bronxville Delil lo

was born

on

November 20,

1936

and grew

up

in

a working-class

Italian

Catholic fam ily in an

Italian-American neighborhood of

the

Bronx in

New York

City

, not

far from Arthur

Avenue.

Refl ecting on his childhood in The Bronx,

Deli

llo

lat

er

described how

he

was . .always out in t he

street. As a

l ittle

boy I whiled away most of

my

time

pretending

to

be a baseball announcer on

the radio. I could

th

ink up games for hours at a

t ime. There were eleven of us in a small house,

but the

close quarters were never a problem. I

didn 't know things any other way. We always

spoke English and

Ital

i

an

all mixed up

toget

her .

My

grandmothe

r, who

liv ed

in

Ame

ri

ca

for

fifty

years, never learned Engl ish. As a teenager,

Delillo wasn t interested in writ ing until tak ing a

summer job as

a parking

attendant

, where hours

spent waiting and watching over vehicles led

to

a

reading habit.

In

a 2010 in

terv

iew wi

th

The

Austral ian,

Deli

llo refl ected on

th

is per iod by

saying I had a personal golden age of reading,

in

my

20s and

my

ear

ly

30s, and

then my

wri

t ing

began

to

take up so much t i

me

.


4/25


5/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

Gravity's Rainbow ..-

Gravity ' s a inbow is a postmodern novel written

by omas ncho and first published on

February 28, 1973. The narrative is set primari ly

in Europe at the end of World War II and centers

on the design, product ion and dispatch of V-2

rockets

by

the German

military,

and, in

particula r,

the

quest undertaken by several

characters to uncover the secret of a mysterious

device named the Schwarzgerat ( black

device )

that

is

to

be insta lled in a rocket wi

th

the serial number 00000. Gravity's Rainbow is

transgressive, as it questions and inverts social

standards of deviance and disgust and

transgresses boundaries of Western culture and

reason. Frequently digressive,

the

novel subverts

many of the traditional elements of plot and

character development, and traverses detailed,

specialist knowledge drawn from a wide range

of

disciplines. The novel has been praised

for its

innovation and complexity,

but

criticized by

others.

In

1974

,

the three-member

Pulitzer Prize

jury

on fiction supported Gravi

ty

's

a

inbow for

the

Pulitzer Prize for Fiction . The other eleven

members

of

the

board overturned

this

decision

and no award was given for fiction that year. The

novel was nominated for

the

1973 Nebula Award

for Best Novel and shared the 1974 U.S. National

Book Award for Fiction with A Crown

of

Feathers

and Other

Stor

ies by Isaac Bashevis Singer.

Since

its

publicat ion,

Gravity

's

a

inbow has

spawned an enormous amount of

lit

erary

criticism and commentary, including

two

readers'

gu ides and several on line concordances, and

it

is

frequently cited as Pynchon's magnum opus.


6/25

Central

Intelligence

gency

Sensory overload (som

et

imes abbreviated to

SO ), related

to

og nitive load in general, is a

condit ion where one or more of the senses are

strained and it becomes difficult to focus on t he

task at hand. The

term

is commonly

but

not

exclusively) used in the context of

autistic/spectrum disorders, though it may

appear in neurotyp ica l children. t may be

necessary for only one sense to be bombarded by

stimuli to affect that sense as well as the other

senses and

the think

ing process. The most

common type occurs when more than one sense

is stimulated. For example, a person might be

watching television when someone comes in and

asks a question; the watcher might fail to

respond because

he

or she

simply

does not

register

it,

or realizes

the

question has been

asked but gets confused and d oesn t know

whether

to

answer the question or concentrate

on

the television.


7/25


8/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

I

I Cognitive load

. . . .

The term cognitive load is used in cogn

itiv

e

psychology

to

illustrate

the

l

o d

related

to

t he

executive control of working memory (WM).

Theories contend that during complex learning

activities

the

amount of information and

interactions

that must

be processed

simultaneously can either under-load, or overload

the

finite amount of working memory one

possesses. All elements must be processed

before meaningful learning can continue.

Instruction may be aimed at teaching learners

problem solving skills,

thinking

and reasoning

skills (including perception, memory language,

etc.). Many would agree that people learn better

when they can build on what they already

understand (known

s

existing schemas),

but

t he

more a person has

to

learn in a shorter amount

of t ime, the more

diff

icult it is to process that

information in working memory. Consider t he

difference between having to study a subject in

one's native language versus t rying

to

study a

subject in a foreign language. The cognitive load

is much higher in the second instance because

the brain must work

to

translate the language

while simultaneously trying

to

understand t he

new information . Another aspect

o

cogniti ve load

theory involves understanding how many discrete

units

o

informat ion can be retained in short

te

rm memory before information loss occurs. An

example of this princip le that seems to be

commonly cited is the use o 7-digit phone

numbers, based

on the

theo

ry that

most people

can only retain seven chunks o

inf

ormat ion in

thei

r

short-term

memory.


9/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

Gotthard Gunther (also Gunther, Guenther; June

15, 1900

in Arnsdorf,

landkreis

Hirschberg im

Riesengebirge, Prussian Silesia (modern day

Jelenia G6ra, Poland) - November

29

1984,

Hamburg , was a German (Prussian philosopher.

From 1921

to 1933,

Gunther studied sinology

and philosophy at

the

universities of Heide

lber

g

and Berlin, and wrote his doctor' s thesis on Hegel

in

1933

under the guidance of Eduard Spranger.

From

1935 to 1937

he

worked

at the institute

of

Arnold at the University of leipz ig,

publishing Christliche Metaphysik und das

Schicksal des modernen Bewusstseins

( Christian metaphysics and the fate of modern

consciousness , together with Helmut Schelsky in

1937 . He was a member of the leipzig School.

In the same year, following his wife, the Jewish

psychologist Dr. Marie Gunther-Hendel , he

emigrated from Germany

first to Italy,

afterwards

to

Stellenbosch Universi

ty

in South

Africa and, in

1940, to the

United States. There

he completed his system of place-valued logics

and morphogrammatics. His great study Die

philosophische Idee einer nicht-Aristotelischen

logik

( The phil osophical concept of a non

Aristotelian logic ) went

to

pr

int

in

1957

(Hamburg , Meiner). As a research professor, he

joined the department of electrical engineering

at the Un iversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

in 1960 working together with Warren Stu rgi s

McCulloch, Heinz von oerster, Humberto

Maturana and others. In

1962

he publ ished

Cybernetic onto logy and transj unctional

operations. later he lectured at the University of

Hamburg, until

he died, in

1984.


10/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

Arnold Gehlen

(29

January 1904, Leipzig - 30

January

1976, Hamburg)

was an influential

conservative German philosopher and sociologist.

His

major

influences while studying philosophy

were Hans Driesch, Nicolai Hartmann and

especially Max Scheler. He joined

the

Nazi Party

in 1933 and had a sh ining career as a member of

the 'Leipzig School' under Hans Freyer. He

replaced Paul Tillich, who emigrated

to

the U.S. ,

at the University of Frankfurt. In 1938 he

accepted a teaching position at the University of

Konigsberg

(today s

a

l

iningr

ad) and

then

taught at the University of Vienna in 1940 until

he was drafted

into the

Wehrmacht in 1943.

After

his 'denazification' he

taught at the

administrative college in Speyer. He went on

to

teach at

the

Aachen University of Technology

between 1962 and 1969. Gehlen became a sharp

critic of

the

protest movements

that

developed in

the late 1960s. Gehlen's philosophy has been

influential for many contemporary

neoconservative German thinkers. Many terms

from his work, like Reizuberflutung

( Sensory overload ), deinstitutionalizati on or

post-history, have gained popular currency in

Germany. Der Mensch. Seine Natur und seine

Stellung in der Welt. (1940) (Translated as Man,

his nature and place in the world ) Urmensch

und Spatkultur. Philosophische Ergebnisse und

Aussagen.

(1956)

Die Seele

im

technischen

Zeitalter.

(1957)

(Translated as Man in

the

age

of

technology ) Moral und Hypermoral. Eine

pluralistische Ethik.


11/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

lwl

Automatic speech

Automatic speech (also known s embolalia)

refers to the verbalization of different words or

phrases

that

occur without the conscious

ort

of

the individual. This type of speech component

often serves

s

verbal filler during the middle of

a presentation or conversation. It consists of

words not directly under

th

e control of a person's

conscious mind, and are spoken without

tho

ugh

t.

Such speech includes false starts, hesitations,

repetitions that accompany words that speakers

plan and

utter

coherent sentences, and fi ll

er

words (such as Like , Er and U

hm").

The word

embolalia comes from

the

Greek word emboles

whi

ch

means 'something thrown in', from the

word emballo- meaning '

to

throw in', and -lalia

meaning 'speech,

chatte

ri ng and babbl ing;

abnormal or disordered form of speech .

Automatic speech has sparked resear

ch

in many

d ifferent fi elds since a long time ago. Modern

linguists

led by Leonard Bloomfi eld in 1933 c ll

these hesitation forms -- the sounds of

stammer

ing

(uh)

, stuttering (urn, urn), th roat

clearing (ahem ), stalling (well, urn, that is),

interjected when the speaker is groping for words

or at a loss for the next thought . French

psychiatrist Jules Seglas, on the other hand,

referred to the term embolalia, s the regular

addition of prefixes or suffixes

to

words, and

mentioned

that

the behavior is sometimes used

by normal individuals to demonstrate

to

their

interlocutor

that they are paying

attention

to the

conversation.


12/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

Committee for Liquidation and Subversion of

Computers (CLODO) (in French: Comite

Liquidant ou Detournant les Ordinateurs, 'Ciodo'

being a slang word for the homeless) was a neo-

Luddite French anarchist organization, act ive

during the 1980s,

that

targeted computer

companies. In 1980, after a series

of

attacks in

the Toulouse area, they released a statement to

the

French media in which they explained

their

motivations.

t

read, We are workers in

the

field

of data processing and consequently well placed

to

know

the

current and future dangers of data

processing and telecommunications. The

computer is the favorite tool of the dominant.

t

is used to exploit, to put on file, to control, and

to repress. Their major attack was in 1983,

when they firebombed the Sperry Univac

Company, in Toulouse. At the time French pol ice

were convinced

that

CLODO was simply n

outgrowth of Act ion Directe, a libertarian

communist group. Although CLODO is no longer

classified s 'active' by the National Consortium

for

the Study of

Terrorism and Responses to

Terrorism, there has been some debate among

technology critics and cultural theorists such as

Arthur Kroker and Peter Lamborn Wilson s to

whether

or

not the roup sti ll exists in an

atomized state. In CLODO's 1983 man ifesto

disguised s an interview

the

group reveals

that

although

their future

projects are intended

to

be

less spectacular than the firebombing of Sperry-

Univac they plan

to

carry out actions geared

towards an impending te lecommunications

explosion.


13/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

Theodore John Ted Kaczynski ( , or ; Pol ish:

Kaczynski, pronounced ; born May 22, 1942 ,

also known

as the

Unabomber (a po

rt

mant

ea

u

of UNiversity and Air line BOMBER), is an

Ame rican mathematician, social critic, and Neo

Luddite who engaged in a

ma

il bombing

campaign th at spanned nearly 20 years, killing

th ree people and inj ur ing 23 others Kaczynski

was born in Chicago, I lli nois, where, as an

intellectual ch ild prod igy, he excelled

academically from an early age. Kaczynski was

accepted into Harvard Un iversity at th e age of

16, where he earned an undergraduate degree,

and late r earned a

PhD

in mathemati

cs fr

om t he

Un iversi

ty

of Michigan. He became an assistant

professor at t he University of Cal

if

orni a, Berkeley

at age 25, but resigned two years later. I n 1971,

he moved to a remote cabin without electricit y or

running water, in Lincoln, Montana, where he

lived as a recluse while l

ea

rni ng

su

rvival ski lls i n

an

attempt to

become se

lf

-suffi cient. He decided

to

start a bomb ing campaign after watchi ng the

wilderness around his home being destroyed by

development.


14/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)


15/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)

ABC News

ABC News is the news gathering and

broadcasting division of

the

American

Broadcasting Company, a subsidiary of The Walt

Disney Company. Its flagship program is World

News with Diane Sawyer;

other

programs include

morning show Good Morning America, Ni htline,

television news magazine shows Primetime

20/20

and Sunday

morning

political affairs

program This Week with George Stephanopoulos.

ABC began news broadcasts early in its

independent existence as a radio network

after

the

Federal Communications Commission ordered

the

former

N C

Blue Network

to

be spun off as

an independent company in 1943. This was done

to keep single or a few companies such as

N C

and CBS from dominating radio broadcasting in

the U.S., and in particular, from dominating

news and political broadcasting and projecting

narrow points-of-view. Television broadcasting

was suspended however, during World War I I .

Regular ABC television news broadcasts began

soon after ABC started transmitting from its

initial New Yo rk City television station and

production center in late summer 1948. ABC-TV

news broadcasts have continued as the ABC

television network spread across the country, a

process that took many years, from that

beginning in 1948 through today, but they have

not always had

the

same level of success

that

they enjoy now. Throughout the 1950s,

the

1960s, and

the

early 1970s, ABC News

consistently ranked third in viewership behind

C S News and N C News.


16/25

Central

Intelligence

Agency

hite noise

slang)


17/25

Social Security (United

States)

. . . .

In the United States, Social Sec

urity

refers

to

the

Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance

OASDI) federal program. The original

Social Securit Act{1935) and

the

current version

of the Act, as amended encompass several social

welfare and social insurance programs.

Social Sec

urity

is primari

ly

funded through

dedicated payroll taxes

ca

lled Federal Insurance

Contributions Act

tax

{FICA). Tax deposits are

formally entrusted to

the

Federal Old-Age and

Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal

Disability Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal

Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, or the Federal

Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund

which comprise

the

Social Security.

Trust

Fund.

By dollars paid, the U.S. Social Security program

is the largest government program in the world

and the single greatest expenditure in the

federal budget, with 20.8 for Social Sec

urity

,

compared to 20.5 for discretionary defense and

20.1

for Medicare/Med i

ca

id. In

2003 the

combined spending for all social insurance

programs constituted 37 of government

expend iture and 7 of the gross domestic

product. ocial Securit is currently estimated

to

keep roughly 40 percent of all Americans a e 65

or older out of poverty. The ocial Sec i

Administration is headquartered in Woodlawn ,

Maryland ,

just to

the west of a ltimore.

Proposals to privatize ocial Securt became

part of

the

oeial Securi debate

dur

ing

the

Bill

Cl

inton and George W. Bush presidencies.


18/25

Social security ..-

Social s e u r i t is a concept enshrined in Article

22

of

the

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

which states

that

Everyone, as a member of

society, has the

right to

ocia sec t and is

entitled

to

realization,

through

national

ffort

and international co-operation and in accordance

with the

organization and resources

of

each

State, of

the

economic, social and cultural rights

indispensable for his dignity and

the

free

development

of

his personality. In simple

term,

this

means

that the

signatories agree

that

society in which a person lives should help them

to develop and

to

make the most of all

the

advantages culture, work, social welfare which

are offered

to them

in

the country.

s

it

may also refer

to the

action

programs of government intended

to

promote

the

welfare

of the

population

through

assistance

measures guaranteeing access

to

sufficient

resources for food and shelter and to promote

health and wellbeing for

the

population at large

and potentially vulnerable segments such as

children, the elderly, the sick and the

unemployed. Terminology in this area in the

United States is somewhat different to that in

the

rest of

the

English speaking world. The

general

term for

an action program in support

of

the

well being

of the

population in

the

United

States is welfare program and

the

general

term

for all such programs is simply welfare. In other

countries

the

word welfare on i

ts

own simply

means wellbeing. In American society, which

tends

to promote

individualism and competition

over solidarity and co-operation,

the

term welfare

has therefore developed into one which has

negative connotations, and seen by some as

un-

American.

In

the

rest

of the

English speaking

world, welfare where still retains its original

meaning of well being it is thus generally

perceived s having positive connotations. The

term oca ecu t in the United States refers

to a specific social insurance program

for the

retired and

the

disabled.

In

most

other

countries,

Social securit has the general meaning of being

secure in society and free from the insecurities of

poverty, disease, etc. ocial securit may refer

to: social insurance, where people receive

benefits or services in recognition of

contributions to

an insurance

program.

These

services

typically

include provision

for retirement

pensions, disability insurance, survivor benefits

and unemployment insurance. services provided

by government or designated agencies

responsible for ocial

s e u r i t

provision. In

different countries this may include medical care,

financial support during unemployment,

sickness, or retirement, health and safety at

work, aspects of social work and even industrial

relations. basic security irrespective

of

participation in specific insurance programs

where eligibility may otherwise be an issue. For

instance assistance given

to

newly arrived

refugees

for

basic necessities such

s

food,

clothing, housing, education, money, and

medical care

.

ISe


19/25

pecial Activities

Division

I

WI

a ~ ( Q ] ~ ~ I i

l l 1 l l i i l ~ ~ ( Q ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Medicare

is r n a ~ i e n a i social insurance pmgramv

a d l m i n o s ~ e ~ r e j l \l:he u.s. f e d l e ~ r a l

Q i ~ v e r n m e n \ l :

on

1965v that r g J u a r a n ~ t e e s a ~ c c e s s t Q) health insull"ance

fro>r A m e r i ~ C a n s

a ~ Q J e s 65

antd ro>ltder a ~ r n d

y r o > u r n ~ Q J t e r

people with disabilities

as

well as people with

endl

s ~ a e renal disease.

s

a

social

insurance

program, edicar spreads th financial risk

associated with illness across society to protect

everyone, and thus has a somewhat different

social

role from private insurers,

which

must

manage their risk portfolio to guarantee their

own solvency. Medicare

:ffers ~ l l enrollees a

defirnedl

b e n e f ~ t .

I H r o > s p i t a ~ l lbaJ e

is

C(i)Velied UJrn(\e

Part A and tOlUJtpatient medical services are

cro>vere((j

urnver the IP'art A and

?art B bernefitsv

Medicare

effrers a ch Olcre between

an @pen-rnetwrk sin

Ire lOlaJyer

h e a J I U ~ ~ C a r e

plaJn

( t r a ~ ( ( j l i t i n a l Medicare)

al rdl

a netwro>rk p l a ~ n

Medicare

A l d l v a ~ n ~ a ~ Q ~ e v (l)r

Medicare

Part C)p

wtbell"e

U ~ e

feldleral

IQ]IOlVemment

a fro>r

private

health

rcOlverage. A maOlrity Olf Medicare enmllees have

tra((jlitiro>nal Medicare (76 ~ e n : e r A t ro>ver a Medicare

A d v a n t a ~ g e

plan 24 ~ e r r c e n t ) .

edicare

?art

ID

cvers ~ t : U t l O l a J t i e n t prescrilOltiro>n < d r u ~ Q J s e)(CIUJsivelv

thmu9Jh private

p ~ a i ' l s v either starndaliili

p r e s ~ C r n p ~ i n

d l r u ~ Q ~

plans r U ~ m u ~ Q J h

Medicare

A


20/25

Medicaid

. . . .

ed

icaid is

the

United States health program for

certain people and families with low incomes and

resources.

t

is a means-tested program

that

is

jointly funded by the state and federal

governments, and is managed by the states.

People served by Medicaid are U.S. citizens or

legal

permanent

residents, including low-income

adults,

their

children, and people with certain

disabilities. Poverty alone does not necessarily

qualify someone for Medicaid. Medica id is the

largest source of funding for medical and health

related services

for

people with limited income in

the

United States. Beginning in

the

1990s, many

states received waivers from the federal

government to create Medica id managed care

programs. Under managed care, ed icaid

recipients are enrolled in a private health plan,

which receives a fixed monthly premium from

the state. The health plan is then responsible for

providing for all or most of the recipient's

healthcare needs. Today, all but a few states use

managed care

to

provide coverage

to

a

significant proportion

of

Medi

ca

id enrollees.

Nationwide, roughly 60 of enrollees are

enrolled in managed care plans. Core eligibil i

ty

groups o poor children and parents are most

likely

to

be enrolled in managed care, while the

aged and disabled eligibi

lity

groups more often

remain in trad itional fee for service Medica id.

Some states operate a program known as the

Health Insurance Premium Payment Program

(HIPP). This program allows a Med ica id recipient

to have

private

health insurance paid

for

by

ed icaid.

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ed icare United

States)

a

Deficit reduction In the United States

Deficit reduction in

the

United States refers

to

taxation spending, and economic policy debates

and proposals designed

to

reduce

the

Federal

budget deficit and move the United States to a

sustainable fiscal path. Government agencies

including

the

Government Accountability Office

GAO), Congressional Budget Office,

the

Office

of

Management and Budget {OMB) and the U.S.

Treasury Department have reported

that the

federal government is facing a series of

important

financing challenges.

In

the short-run

tax revenues have declined significantly due

to

a

severe recession and

tax

policy choices, while

expenditures

have expanded

for

wars,

unemployment

insurance and

other

safety net

spending .

In the

long-run expenditures related

to

healthcare programs such as e d i c r ~ and

Medicaid are projected

to

grow faster than the

economy overall

as the

population matures. A

budget deficit refers

to

expenditures

that

exceed

tax collections during a given period, requiring

borrowing to fund the difference. The U.S.

federal

government

has run annual deficits in 36

of

the

past 40 fiscal years, with surpluses from

1998

2001. Tax revenues averaged

approximately 18% GDP from 1971-2010, with

expenditures around 21% GDP, resulting in

an

average annual deficit of around 3% GDP For

example, in

2010

revenues were

2.16 trillion

and outlays were

3.46 trillion

resul

ting

in a

deficit

of 1.3 trillion or 9.4% GDP

Central

Intelligence

Agency

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Special ctivities Division

. . . .

The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a div ision

in the United States

ent

a telli e

ce ge

(CIA) National

Clandestine Service (NCS) responsib le for covert

operations known s special activities . Within

SAD there are two separate groups, one for

tactical a

ta

operations and another for

covert political action. The Political Action Group

within SAD is responsible for covert activities

related

to

political influence, psychological and

economic warfare. The rapid development of

technology has added cyberwarfare

to their

mission. A large covert operation usually has

components

that

involve

or

all, of these

categories,

s

well

s

r mill operations.

Special Operations Group (SOG) is the element

within SAD responsible for aramllltaQ

operations. These operations include

the

collection of intelligence in hostile countries and

regions, and all high

threat

mili

tary

or

intelligence operations with which the U.S.

government does not wish

to

be overtly

associated. As such, members of the unit (cal led

t Operations Officers and Specialized

Skills Officers) normally

do

not carry any objects

or

clothing (e.g ., military

uniforms

that would

associate them with the United States

government.

f

they are compromised during a

mission,

the

government of the United States

may deny all knowledge. The SAD/SOG is

generally considered the most secretive special

operations force in

the

United States. The group

selects operatives from Delta Force, DEVGRU,

24th STS and other special operations forces

from within the U.S. military.


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Central

Intelligence

Agency

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amzi ouse ...;.....Y ~ : . . . . J born May 20, 1967

was one of

the

main perpetrators of

the

1993

World Trade Center bombing and a co

conspirator in the Bojinka plot . In 1995, he was

arrested at a guest house in Islamabad, by the

Pakistani Inter-Services

Intell

igence and United

States Diplomatic Security Service, then

extradited

to the

United States. He was tried in

New York City in the U.S. District Court for the

Southern District of New York and along with two

co-conspirators was convicted of planning the

Bojinka plot. Yousef stated: Yes, I am a

terrorist, and proud of

it

as long as it is against

the U.S. government and against Israel, because

you are more than terrorists; you are the one

who invented terrorism and using it every day.

You are butchers, liars and hypocrites. He was

sentenced

to

two life sentences for his part in the

World Trade Center bombing and Bojinka plot.

Yousef's uncle is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, a

senior ai-Qaeda member accused of being the

principal architect of the September 11 attacks.

He is also in United States custody. Yousef was

born in Kuwait

to

Pakistani fami ly o labourers,

who were originally from Balochistan, Pakistan.

While the rest

o

the family returned to Pakistan

in the mid 1980s, Yousef was sent to England to

continue his education. In 1986, he enrolled at

Swansea

Institute

in Wales where he studied

electrical engineering, graduating four years

later He also studied

at

the Oxford Co llege of

Further Education to improve his English. Yousef

attended an

AI-Qaeda training camp and became

an expert in bomb making.

Beli Shum u Shumi [Oc]r

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