Behaviorism Umbrella
-
Upload
guru-khb-pbl -
Category
Documents
-
view
235 -
download
1
Transcript of Behaviorism Umbrella
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
1/23
Behaviorism(I.P.Pavlov)
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
2/23
Usingbehaviorisme
to control learningis like using an umbrella
to control the
weather - Steve Nordby
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
3/23
Pavlov?Remember
1
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
4/23
Ivan Pavlov(1849-1936)
ARussian scientist
Nobel prize winnerwork on digestion Labeled a phenomenon as psychic
reflexes when studying the role of salivain dogs digestive processes.
Fascinated by this finding, he dedicatedmuch of the rest of his career furtherexploring this.
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
5/23
His experiment?Remember
1 2
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
6/23
Get to know the characters
Meat
powder=
UCS(unconditioned
stimulus)
Dogs
salivation =
CR(conditioned
response)
Bell =
CS(conditioned
stimulus)
Dogs
salivation =
UCR(unconditioned
response)
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
7/23
Present the dog with meat powder
(UCS)
Saliva collected in saliva glands
Paired UCS with various stimuli like
bell (CS)
Saliva collected (UCS)
At last, the bell was used alone
Salivate to the sound of the bell
(CR)
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
8/23
This psychological experiment called
classical conditioning
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
9/23
Studies?further
1 2 3
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
10/23
John B. Watson(1878-1958)
Showed humans canbe classically conditioned.
Conducted Little Albert experiment (with
Rosalie Rayner)
Causing phobic reaction to a white rat
(banged iron bars with a hammer whilst
showing infant Albert the rat)
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
11/23
destiny?behaviorisme
1 2 3 4
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
12/23
The principles shown by Watson are stillextensively used (e.g, in film making -Jaws)
He became the most important figure inmodern day psychology
The movement he began was called
behaviorism (as he proposed onlybehavior should be studies bypsychologist)
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
13/23
His student, Skinner
(B.F.Skinner)
extended his work
looking at operant
conditioning (learning by
associating a behavior
with its consequences)
Together, classical and operantconditioning can explain many behaviors,
and their principles are widely used in
education, prisons and mental hospitals.
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
14/23
Problem?any
2 3 4 5
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
15/23
The only way to explain certain results is
to believe that animals have minds.
A
n experiment with rats (Crespi) foundthat rats used to running at a certainspeed to gain a food reward, would runmuch more slowly when it was reduced.
However, rats that had never actuallyreceived larger reward would run at afast speed for smaller amount.
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
16/23
Just an umbrella?Is behaviorism
1 2 3 4 5 6
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
17/23
Nothing that denies behaviorism is valid
when limited to certain areas of
psychology
Numerous experiments have shown there
is merit in the behaviorist theory, certain
ideas of this theory can be used in the
treatment of disorder.
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
18/23
Vast improvements can be made in the
treatment of:
neurosis phobias
treating alcoholism
nicotine addiction
(Scwartz & Lacy, 1982)
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
19/23
Real world?Classical in
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
20/23
In reality, people do not respond exactly
like Pavlovs dogs.
However, numerous real world applicationfor classical conditioning e.g many dog
trainers use classical conditioning
techniques to help people train their pets
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
21/23
Useful in treatment of phobia and anxietyproblems e.g teachers apply in the class
by creating a positive classroom
environment to help students overcome
anxiety of fear.
Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation
such as performing in front of a group with
pleasant surrounding help the studentlearn new associations the child will
learn to stay relaxed and calm.
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
22/23
References1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-
8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella
23/23
http://www.greenhead.ac.uk/subjects/psyc
hology/explained.htm http://www.learning-theories.com/classical-
conditioning-pavlov.html
http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/naik.html
http://everything2.com/title/Behaviorism%252C+umbrellas%252C+and+the+shallow+
side+of+motivation http://www.ehow.com/how_2120213_unde
rstand-behaviorism.html