Methods and Welfare Considerations in Behavioral Research - NIMH
Behavioral Research Methods
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Transcript of Behavioral Research Methods
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Behavioral Research Methods
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College Level – Research methods
• Controlled Experiments to study human behavior
• Homework: Read 4 pages (click arrows) by Friday: http://allpsych.com/psychology101/intro.html
• Quiz Friday! Do practice quiz on allpsych
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Quick class “experiment”
6 volunteers
• The more a person is poked while reading a passage, the less they will remember from the passage
Test hypothesis: Identify IV, Constants, DV
Problems with design
Ethical considerations
What would make this a “theory”?
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Random Assignment
• Was there any in this “experiment”?
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Double or single blind?
• Neither. Both the subjects and the researcher (me) were aware of which treatment group they were in.
• Single blind – the researcher knows who is getting what treatment, but not the subjects.
• Double blind – neither researcher nor subject knows who is getting what treatment – ex: all subjects are administered a pill, but dosage
is not known
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Research methods II
• Case study• Survey• Naturalistic (field) observation
Define eachCreate pro/con chart for each typeComplete worksheet
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How could this experiment be imrpoved
• More subjects• Multiple trials• Repeat experiment for reliability• Better constants
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Random assignment ensures subjects are not grouped in a way that will affect outcome of study (no bias introduced)
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WARNING: Carrots Can Kill You
• Nearly all sick people have eaten carrots. • An estimated 99.9% of all people who die from cancer and
heart disease have eaten carrots.• 99.9% of people involved in car accidents ate carrots within
60 days of their accidents.• 93.1% of juvenile delinquents come from homes where
carrots are served regularly.• Carrot eaters born between 1900 & 1920 have been noted
to have wrinkled skin, brittle bones and failing eyesight.• Among the people born in 1839 who later dined on
carrots, there has been a 100% mortality
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Correlation – a relationship between two variables
• The happier people are, the more likely they are to do volunteer work
• As the temperature increases, vodka sales increase• The more you exercise, the less crabby you feel• Sweaty people have more friends• Your example…?
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Correlation can have a value:
• 1 is a perfect positive correlation• 0 is no correlation (the values don't seem linked
at all)• -1 is a perfect negative correlation
The value shows how good the correlation is (not how steep the line is), and if it is positive or negative.
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Example – ice cream sales
• The local ice cream shop keeps track of how much ice cream they sell versus the temperature on a given day.
• http://www.mathsisfun.com/data/correlation.html
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Correlation is NOT causation
• A relationship between 2 variables does not show cause and effect
• Ice cream sales and sunglass sales both increased in the same way, but one did not cause the other– Both were probably caused by the heat wave– BUT! You can’t prove that the heat wave caused
anything unless you perform a controlled experiment (IV, DV etc)
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Confounding variables
• A confounding variable (also ”hidden” variable) is an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (positively or negatively) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable
• Teen pregnancies correlate positively with socioeconomic status and education level but you can’t assume any one causes the other
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Books out. Reading homework
Chapter 7
Total college-level reading assignment for unit (you’ll read this over next month):
DUE MONDAY: Pages 246 – 254
You will be quizzed regularly on reading
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Quiz Behavioral Research Methods
• Good luck!