“Behavioral Intentions, Expectations and Willingness” Justin Roudabush Oregon State University...
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Transcript of “Behavioral Intentions, Expectations and Willingness” Justin Roudabush Oregon State University...
“Behavioral Intentions, Expectations and
Willingness”
Justin Roudabush
Oregon State University
Gibbons and Gerrard, 1997, National Cancer Institute
Outline
Definition and Significance of Behavioral Intention
Causes of Variance
Moderators
Alternative Proximal Measurements Implementation Intentions Behavioral Expectations Behavioral Willingness
BehavioralBeliefs
Attitude Towards the Behavior
TRA + TPB
Normative Beliefs
Subjective Norm
Control Beliefs
Perceived Behavioral Control
Intention Behavior
The TTI Developmental-Ecological System
P PS S
S
E
P
Eval
Behavior
SNB SelfEfficacy
Att Att
Intentions
Will + Skill ExpMc NB
KnowValue SocialBonds
RoleModels
Self-Control
Com-petence
SNB
ValuesEnvironment
KnowledgeEnvironment
ENVIRONMENT
Situation
PersonE E
Affective/Control Substream
s
Cog
nitiv
e/C
ompe
tenc
e S
ubst
ream
s
DEVELOPMENT & TIME
UltimateUnderlyingCauses
Levels ofCausation
DistalPredisposingInfluences
ProximalImmediatePredictors
Lost in Translation
Most value-expectancy theories contain an Intention element
Explains some variance between Intention and Behavior (HB)
Can account for 20-30% of this variance
Intention
HBHB
HBHB
HB
Definition
“amount of effort one is willing to exert to attain a goal”
“behavioral plans that……enable attainment of a behavioral goal”
“proximal goals”
“intentions can be conceived of as goal states”
Measurement
Aggregation – include multiple items
Compatibility – BI and measures should included exactly the same “action, target, context and time”
Commitment – more important to the individual
Predictability Concerns
Stability – consistency over time
Time Lag – diminishes over time
Emotion – at the time of execution
Moderators
Perceived Behavioral Control
Complexity
Social Desirability
Social Involvement
Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC)
Perceived control over a behavior
Actual Ability to control behavior
When both are high the relationship is more likely to be positive
When one or the other is low then outcome is less predictable
Complexity
Require a series of actions to complete
People overestimate likelihood of completing all actions
Only takes failure on one action to fail completely
“Literal Inconsistency”
Tendency to not do what you said you would do
Say you will do the behavior but don’t follow through
Say you won’t and don’t
Same issue exists for Socially Undesirable Behaviors Health Risks
Social Involvement
Interventions between BI and HB can be most effective when:
Follow up and measurement between BI and HB is earlier
HB includes significant habitual components
Perceived and actual control are low
Health risks are involved under social contexts
DECISIONS/INTENTIONS
SOCIAL SITUATION
BIOLOGY/PERSONALITY
ATTITUDESTOWARD THE
BEHAVIOR
CULTURALENVIRONMENT
SOCIALNORMATIVE
BELIEFS
SELF-EFFICACYBEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Intrapersonal Stream Social/Normative Stream Cultural/Attitudinal Stream
Values/Evaluations
Knowledge/Expectancies
PerceivedNorms
Information/Opportunities
InterpersonalBonding
SocialCompetence
Interactions w/Social Instit’s
Others’Beh & Atts
Motivationto Comply
Skills:Social+General
Sense ofSelf/Control
SelfDetermination
1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
4 5 6
PBC, Complexity, Literal Inconsistency, Social Involvement
Alternative Proximal Antecedants
Implementation Intentions
Behavioral Expectations
Behavioral Willingness
Implementation Intentions (II)
Make the abstract more concrete
Create specific goals related BI to HB
Ideal for use with complex behaviors
Good for situational cues/prompts
Behavioral Expectations (BE)
Subjective probability of performance
Prediction versus plan (BI)
Accounts for additional influences: circumstances, past behaviors, anticipated changes
Ideal for undesirable and/or difficult behaviors
Behavioral Willingness (BW)
BI less effective for measuring adolescents and/or behavior involving health risks
HB is not intentional, but a reaction to social circumstances
Openness to risk opportunity
Survey of capabilities of risky behavior if the opportunity is encountered
Ideal for adolescents and risky behaviors
Best Fit
Health promoting behaviors: use BI combined with II
Complex behaviors with control aspects: use BI with PBC
Social Desirability, commitment tenuous, low perceived control: use BE
Health risk, adolescents, social reactions: use BW and BE
P PS S
S
E
P
Eval
Behavior
SNB SelfEfficacy
Att Att
Will + Skill ExpMc NB
KnowValue SocialBonds
RoleModels
Self-Control
Com-petence
SNB
ValuesEnvironment
KnowledgeEnvironment
ENVIRONMENT
Situation
PersonE E
Affective/Control Substream
sC
ogni
tive/
Com
pete
nce
Sub
stre
ams
Intentions(BI, BE, BW)
ProximalAntecedants
Social Context, Maturity, Anxiety, Complexity, Level of Control, etc……..