Beginnings of Civil Rights Efforts

Civil Rights

1783

1808

1820

1833

1850

1857

1863

1865

1866

1868

1870

18751883

1896

19091925

1941

1948

1952

1954

Civil Rights

1783

State of Massachusetts outlaws slavery within its borders

1808

Importation of slaves banned, but the illegal slave trade continues

1820

American Colonization Society sends 86 free blacks to Sierra Leone. It was a British Colony and this marked the first immigration of blacks away from America.

1820

Missouri Compromise: Slavery ok in Missouri, but not west of Mississippi River or north of Missouri’s southern border.

Allows slavery to continue in the US

1831

Nat Turner’s Rebellion- Virginia57 Whites killed100 slaves killed by U.S. troopsTurner caught, put on trial, hanged

1833Oberlin College- Oberlin, Ohio

1st College to establish itself as co-educational1st to admit blacks on equal basis with whites

Part of the Underground Railroad

1833

1850

Added California to the Union as a free stateStrengthened Fugitive Slave LawsEnded slave trade in Washington, D.C.

1857

•Supreme Court ruled that slaves do not become free when they enter a free state.•Congress cannot bar slavery from a territory •Blacks are not/cannot become citizens

Dred Scott v. Sandford

1861

Confederate States of America is formedCivil War begins

1863

Emancipation Proclamation: freed “all slaves in areas still in rebellion”

1865

Civil War EndsUnion Wins13th Amendment

Abolishes Slavery

1866

Ku Klux Klan is formed

Congress now in charge of Reconstruction

1867

Efforts are passed by Congress over presidential vetoes.

No I won’t sign that! I will not

encourage suffrage for

African Americans!

1868

14th Amendment gave citizenship to former slaves

1870

15th Amendment: cannot discriminate based on race to vote

1875

Civil Rights Act of 1875:

Granted equal rights in public accommodations and jury duty.

1877

Henry O. Flipper: 1st black graduate of West Point Military Academy

1883

Civil Rights Act of 1875

1896Supreme Court supports the “separate but equal doctrine.”

Plessy v Ferguson

1906

Race riots in Atlanta21 people killedCity placed under martial law

Hoke Smith inflamed racial tensions by pushing for disenfranchisement of blacks.

1909

Formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

1925KKK march on Washington- Resurgence in power

1941

WWII- war contractors barred from racial discrimination

Riots in Detroit and Harlem

1948

President Truman issues Executive Order 9981 to end segregation in U.S. military

1952

Racial and ethnic barriers to naturalization removed by Immigration and Naturalization Act.