Beginning of the Chapter The Genetics of Obesity 2.
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Transcript of Beginning of the Chapter The Genetics of Obesity 2.
Beginning of the ChapterThe Genetics of Obesity
2
Weight loss based on your genetic profile
Eat healthy based on your genetic profile
OBESITY
The two Factors for Obesity
Too little exercise Too much food
But why can people with the same lifestyle be of different body weight?
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
Many years
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
80kg
50kg
70kg
50kg
50kg
50kg
FAT
PPARG FABP2
Fat uptake Fat uptake
Fat uptake Protection
ProtectionProtection
OBESITY
How do we know?
No genetic variation Genetic variation(Pro12Ala PPARG-Gene)
Study 1-30Thousands of subjects
Increased BMINormal BMIRankinen et al., Obesity 14: 529-644
Study 32720 subjects Increasing BMIConstant BMI
Robitaille et al., Clin Genet 63: 109-116, 2003
Study 31343 subjects Weight gainNo weight gain
Memisoglu et al., Human Molecular Genetics 12: 2923-2929, 2001
Experiment: More fat in the diet
Experiment: High-fat diet
>>>7500 further studies on this gene
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
Fat absorption gene
FAT
FAT
FAT
FAT
FAT FAT
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
FAT
FAT
FAT
FAT
Fat absorption gene
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
Many years
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
80kg
50kg
70kg
50kg
50kg
50kg
FAT
PPARG FABP2
Fat uptake Fat uptake
Fat uptake Protection
ProtectionProtection
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
Many years
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
75kg
50kg50kg
50kg
50kg
Carbohydrates
ADRB2
Carbohydrate-risk
Protection
75kg
Carbohydrate-risk
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
PPARG FABP2
Fat uptake Fat uptake
Fat uptake Protection
ProtectionProtection
ADRB2
Carbohydrate-risk
Protection
Carbohydrate-risk
Carb-Burner(Fat sensitive)
Fat-Burner(Carb sensitive)
Mixed type(Sensitive to both
moderately)
Fat Sensitivity Carb Sensitiv.
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
Carb-Burner(Fat sensitive)
Fat-Burner(Carb sensitive)
Mixed type(Sensitive to
both moderately)
LOW FAT
LOW CARB
BALANCED
TYPE Optimal Nutrition
OBESITY
The two Factors for Overweight
Too little exercise Too much food
But why can people with the same lifestyle be of different body weight?
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
6 Months
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
70kg
50kg
60kg
75kg
75kg
75kg
Exercise
PPARG ADRB2
INEFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVE
FTO
INEFFECTIVE INEFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVEINEFFECTIVE INEFFECTIVE
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
75kg
75kg
75kg
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
How effective is the weight loss strategy?
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
6 Months
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
50kg
70kg
60kg
75kg
75kg
75kg
Eating less
PPARG ADRB2
INEFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVE
FTO
INEFFECTIVE INEFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVEINEFFECTIVE INEFFECTIVE
OBESITY
How our Genes Influence our Body Weight
Kate
Lucy
Cindy
75kg
75kg
75kg
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
Eating less
Eating less
Eating less
How effective is the weight loss strategy? Optimal Distribution
OBESITYWhat questions can be
answered by a genetic analysis?
EXERCISEEating less
EXERCISE
Eating less?
EXERCISE
Eating less
EXERCISEEating less
EXERCISEEating less
OBESITY
SportEating less
Sport
Eating less?
EXERCISE
Eating less
SportEating less
SportEating less
MOST EFFECTIVE
133 kcal/day
-717 kcal/day
What questions can be answered by a genetic analysis?
OBESITYWhat questions can be
answered by a genetic analysis?
EXERCISE
EATING LESS133 kcal/day
-717 kcal/day
LOW FAT LOW CARB
BALANCED, LESS FAT
BALANCED, LESS CARBS
BALANCED
?
OBESITY
EXERCISE
Eating less133 kcal/Day
-717 kcal/Day
LOW FAT LOW CARB
BALANCED, LOW FAT
BALANCED, LOW CARB
BALANCED
?
MOST EFFECTIVE
48% Carb32% FAT
20% PROT
What questions can be answered by a genetic analysis?
OBESITY
Comparison: Genetics vs. Standard weight loss
Exercise is very effective
Eating less is less effective
Carbohydrate sensitive
Genetic predisposition
A little sport
Intense calory reduction
Low-Fat diet
Lots of Exercise
Little calory reduction
Low-Carb Diet
-5kg -12.5kg
?
2.5 times more successful >>
without genetic testing with genetic testing
GENETIC ANALYSIS
The 8 Genes Responsible
GENETIC ANALYSISWhich statements can be made
based on genetic analyses?
GENETIC ANALYSISWhich statements can be made
based on genetic analyses?
GENETIC ANALYSISWhich statements can be made
based on genetic analyses?
GENETIC ANALYSIS
The Program
1) Weight loss phase (lose weight)2) Adaptation phase (slowly increase calories)3) Stability phase (maintain weight)
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
The article system
Rice pudding (High carb, Low fat)
Bacon (Low carb, High fat)
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
The food item system
Fat sensitive person:
Carbohydrate sensitive person:
GENETIC ANALYSIS
How can you plan your diet?
Option 1: The Food Item System – Compose your own menu(relatively complex) (very flexible) (very effective)
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
The food item system
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
If a food item has the wrong distribution, reduce the amount
If a food item has the right distribution, increase the amount
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
Overall, the correct distribution
Example of food item recommendation
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
15 food items allowed
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
15 food items allowed
1x chicken
3x buns
2x tomatoes
= 6 Food Items
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
Example: 5 meals per day Breakfast 4 Food ItemsSnack 1 Food ItemLunch 5 Food ItemsSnack 1 Food Item Dinner 4 Food Items
Example: 3 meals per day Breakfast 5 Food Items
Lunch 5 Food Items
Dinner5 Food Items
= 15 Food Items
= 15 Food Items
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
The Food Item system
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Flexible Diet Plan
GENETIC ANALYSIS
How can you plan your diet?
Option 1: The Food Item System – Compose your own menu(relatively complex) (very flexible) (very effective)
Option 2: Pay attention to the red and green bars(very easy) (very flexible) (moderately effective)
GENETIC ANALYSIS
How can we use this knowledge?
More than 1000 food types are rated according to the genes
Promotes obesity, avoid!
Promotes optimal body weight, enjoy!
GENETIC ANALYSIS
How can we use this knowledge?
Avoid the foods marked with red bars, focus on the foods marked with green bars
GENETIC ANALYSIS
How can you plan your diet?
Option 1: The Food Item System – Compose your own menu(relatively complex) (very flexible) (very effective)
Option 2: Pay attention to the red and green bars (very easy) (very flexible) (moderately effective)
Option 3: Ready-made menu suggestions (very easy) (low flexibility) (very effective)
GENETIC ANALYSIS
How can you plan your diet?
GENETIC ANALYSIS
How can you plan your diet?
Option 1: The Food Item System – Compose your own menu(relatively complex) (very flexible) (very effective)
Option 2: Pay attention to the red and green bars (very easy) (very flexible) (moderately effective)
Option 3: Ready-made menu suggestions (very easy) (low flexibility) (very effective)
Option 4: Menu Portal – online diet planning (very easy) (very flexible) (very effective)
GENETIC ANALYSIS
How can you plan your diet?
www.DNAnutriControl.com
SPORT
How can you plan the Exercise?
SportEating less
Sport
Eating less?
Exercise
Eating less
SportEating less
SportEating less
MOST EFFECTIVE
133 kcal/Day
SPORTS PROGRAM
Genetically Adapted Sports Program
SPORTS PROGRAM
Genetically Adapted Sports Program
www.DNAnutriControl.com
SPORTS PROGRAM
Genetically Adapted Sports Program
MUSCLE MASS MAINTENANCE
MUSCLE MASS LOSS
POWERENDURANCE POWERENDURANCE
End of the ChapterThe Genetics of Overweight
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