Beginning of Civilization

Analyzing the origin of Man

Day I

What was early man like? Take out your KWL Chart

• Using the KWL

Write what you know

about pre-historic man

What I Know

about early man

What I Learned

About early man

What I’d

Like to find out

Introduction• The earliest civilizations shared many common features. The most

significant of these was that they grew out of farming settlements in river valleys. The four early river valley civilizations rose in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq), Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and the Huang He valley.

• They developed in the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates, along the Nile, the Indus and Ganges, and Yellow Rivers respectively.

• As we discuss the beginnings of man, please consider how this information was obtained. Archeologist, cartographers, and anthologist have spent immeasurable amounts of time discovering priceless artifacts and designing maps that link the past to our present. In addition, as you read, observe, interact, and research the beginnings of early civilizations you will be able to compare and contrast the way people in earliest civilizations lived prior to the development of agriculture. Futhermore, you will be able to understand how agriculture changed the culture of man.

Let’s Take a look at the world before Man was “Supreme”

Now let’s review

• Compare and contrast early human species to modern man.

Modern Man

Pre-historic

Man

Similarities

Differences

Record and Define Essential Terms

Mary Leaky, Ice Man, fossil, artifact, technology, homo sapiens, Stone Age, nomad, culture, Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age, civilization

The Beginning of Civilization

Human Origins

Day II

Let’s review and add to our KWL

What I Know

about early man

What I Learned

About early man

What I’d

Like to find out

Let’s review our Compare/Comparison Graphic organizer

Modern Man Pre-historic

Man

Similarities

Differences

Theories on prehistory and Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change early man constantly change as new evidence comes to as new evidence comes to light. light. - Louis Leakey, British - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologist

Theories on prehistory and Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change early man constantly change as new evidence comes to as new evidence comes to light. light. - Louis Leakey, British - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologist

1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE

3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

““Paleolithic”Paleolithic” --> --> “Old Stone” “Old Stone” AgeAge

““Paleolithic”Paleolithic” --> --> “Old Stone” “Old Stone” AgeAge 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

hunting (hunting (menmen) & gathering () & gathering (womenwomen) ) small bands of 20-30 humans small bands of 20-30 humans hunting (hunting (menmen) & gathering () & gathering (womenwomen) ) small bands of 20-30 humans small bands of 20-30 humans

NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place) NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place)

Made Made toolstools

Made Made toolstools

4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

Hominids --> any memberHominids --> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.

Hominids --> any memberHominids --> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.

AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines

An Opposable An Opposable Thumb Thumb

An Opposable An Opposable Thumb Thumb

HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” )( “Man of Skills” )

HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” )( “Man of Skills” )

found in East found in East Africa.Africa.

found in East found in East Africa.Africa. created stone created stone tools.tools.

created stone created stone tools.tools.

Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves.

Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind.

Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??

1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )

Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology

Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology

First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.

First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.

First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ))

First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ))

BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM

Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????

Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????

200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )BCE )

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )BCE )

NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:

Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)

Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)

First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.

First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.

Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.

Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.

Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.

Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.

NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS

Early Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/Tent

CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )

Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )

By 30,000 BCE theyBy 30,000 BCE they replaced replaced Neanderthals.Neanderthals.

WHY???WHY??? WHY???WHY???

70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

““Neolithic”Neolithic” “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge

““Neolithic”Neolithic” “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE

Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from: Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from:

Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production andproduction and domestication of animals. domestication of animals.

Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production andproduction and domestication of animals. domestication of animals.

8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE

Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world. Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world.

SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming

Middle East India Central America China Southeast Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaAsia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

Middle East India Central America China Southeast Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaAsia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

DevelopmenDevelopment t

of of AgricultureAgriculture

DevelopmenDevelopment t

of of AgricultureAgriculture

?

?

?

?

Why do you think the development of

agriculture occurred around the same time

in several different places?

Why do you think the development of

agriculture occurred around the same time

in several different places?

Why do some archaeologists

believe that women were the first

farmers?

Why do some archaeologists

believe that women were the first

farmers?

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations.

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged.

9,000 BCE 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat

9,000 BCE 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat

8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants

8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants

Division of laborDivision of labor Division of laborDivision of labor

Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade

Organized religion Organized religion

Small militarySmall military Small militarySmall military

12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops

12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops

An obsidian daggerAn obsidian dagger

Çatal Çatal HüyükHüyükÇatal Çatal HüyükHüyük

What role did the food supply play in

shaping the nomadic life of hunter-

gatherers and the settled life of the

farmers?

What role did the food supply play in

shaping the nomadic life of hunter-

gatherers and the settled life of the

farmers?

AdvancedAdvanced

CitiesCities

SpecializedSpecialized

WorkersWorkers

ComplexComplex

InstitutionsInstitutions

Record-Record-

KeepingKeeping

AdvancedAdvanced

TechnologyTechnology

Let’s revisit our KWLWhat I Know

about early man

What I Learned

About early man

What I’d

Like to find out

Let’s review Vocabulary

• Identify a member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water?

• Identify a prehistoric period that in which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons.

• Identify a unique way of life, as shown by tools, customs, arts, and ideas.

Record and answer this question using two or more paragraphs

• How did the development of agriculture impact early man?

The Beginnings of Civilization

The Origin of Man

Day 3

Can you answer these questions?

• Compare and contrast early human species to modern man.

• How did the development of agriculture impact early man?

• What activity was the most important foundation of cities and civilization?

Just think……

• Agriculture. Farming began during the Neolithic Revolution as people began to plant seeds, grow their own food, domesticate animals and settle in villages. It was a slow process that occurred at different times around the world but can be dated a far back as 8000 BCE in the Middle East. The Neolithic Revolution also saw technological advances such as: the development of the plow and fertilization techniques; the invention of the loom and the wheel; the skill of baking clay bricks for building and hammering metals for weapons and jewelry; and the development of a calendar.

Just think…….

• It spurred the growth of cities. Civilization comes from the Latin word civitas which means city.

• It spurred the growth of cities. Civilization comes from the Latin word civitas which means city.

Just think……

• Yes. Civilizations developed an economy. Economy can be defined as the means by which people’s material needs are met through the use of their environment.

• Agriculture led to surplus food so some people began to earn a living doing other things besides farming. People became metal workers, merchants, traders, and priests. Trade and commerce led to a need for record keeping which led to systems of writing and the new occupation of scribe.

Can you answer?

What were people with specialized skills called?

Let’s Review vocabulary

• Identify any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc.

• Identify a handmade object, as a tool, or the remains of one, as a shard of pottery, characteristic of an earlier time or cultural stage.

• A British anthropologist major figure in discovering East African pre-history, best known for excavations of some of the earliest members of the human family.

Take a look at Man’s growth

Create an outline to organize main ideas and details

Humans try to control natureI. Early Advance in Technology and Art

A. Why were tools needed?B. List examples of artistic expression of Paleolithic Age.

II. Beginnings of AgricultureA. What spurred the beginning of Agriculture Revolution?B. List causes of Agriculture Revolution.C. Identify early methods of farming.D. Explain impact of domestication of animals.

III. Growth of Villages (Give examples of each in relation to agriculture)A. AfricaB. chinaC. MexicoD. Catal Huyuk

Beginning of Civilization

Nomads, Villages, and Civilization

Day 4

Revisit our KWLWhat I Know

about early man

What I Learned

About early man

What I’d

Like to find out

Let’s Review our Vocabulary?

Mary Leaky, Ice Man, fossil, artifact, technology, homo sapiens, Stone Age, nomad, culture, Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age, civilization

Take time and listen….

• ClassZone - World History: Ancient and Early Modern Times

Let’s look at early migration patterns of early man

• http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_aemt/resources/html/animations/wh01_humanmigration.html

The Question?

What do you think life was like for early humans?

Take a look at first human discovery

• Primates (e.g., monkeys and chimpanzees) in the African savannas, or grasslands, were the first animals in evolutionary history to exhibitbipedalism, or the ability to walk on two feet.

We are going to observe and analyze the way human beings walk and compare human walking with that of other

bipedal primates.