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LESSON NOTES

Beginner #1What is his name?

CONTENTS

2 Arabic2 English2 Romanization3 Vowelled3 Vocabulary4 Sample Sentences5 Grammar5 Cultural Insight

# 1COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

ARABICPOD101.COM BEGINNER #1 - WHAT IS HIS NAME? 2

ARABIC

صباح الخير، يا دانية. مي: .1

صباح النور، يا مي. دانية: .2

هذا صديقي. إسمه تيموثي. مي: .3

تشرفنا. أنا دانية. دانية: .4

تشرفنا، يا دانية. تيموثي: .5

ENGLISH

1. MAY: Good morning, Danya.

2. DANYA: Good morning, May.

3. MAY: This is my friend. His name is Timothy.

4. DANYA: It's nice to meet you. I'm Danya.

5. TIMOTHY: It's nice to meet you, Danya.

ROMANIZATION

1. MAY: SabaaH al-khayr, yaa daanya.

2. DAANYA: SabaaH an-nuur, yaa may.

CONT'D OVER


3. MAY: haadha Sadiiqii. ismuhu tiimuuthii.

4. DAANYA: tasharrafna. 'ana daanya.

5. TIIMUUTHII: tasharrafna, yaa daanya.

VOWELLED

صباح الخير، يا دانية. مي: .1

صباح النور، يا مي. دانية: .2

هذا صديقي. إسمه تيموثي. مي: .3

تشرفنا. أنا دانية. دانية: .4

تشرفنا، يا دانية. تيموثي: .5

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class

صديق Sadiiq friend (male) noun

أهلا 'ahlan hello interjection

مرحبا marḥaban hello, hi; welcome expression

مساء masaa' evening noun

نور nuur light (noun)

خير khayr good


صباح SabaaH morning noun

تشرفنا tasharrafna we are honored

إسم ism name noun

هذا Hada this determiner

هذه haḏihi this determiner

صديقة Sadiiqa friend (female)

سلام salaamu peace

SAMPLE SENTENCES

هل هو صديقك؟ أهلا!إتفضل!ʾhlan! ʾitfaḍḍal! Hello! Please come in! (Egyptian Arabic)

مرحبا, كيف الحال؟marḥaban, kayfa al-ḥaal-? Hello, how are you?

مساء الخير، يا خليل.

مساء النور. كيف حالك؟ أنا بخير.

هذا الصباح، أكلت مع أخي. إسمي روبرت. تشرفنا.

من هو؟ إسمه سليم. بكم هذا؟bikam h�ḏa? How much is this?


لمن هذا؟liman h�ḏa? Whose is this?

ما هذا؟m� h�ḏa? What's this?

هذا صديقي.haadha Sadiiqii. This is my friend.

هذه صديقتي.haḏihi ṣad⇥qat⇥. This is my friend.

هذه صديقتي، واسمها هالة. السلام عليكم.

as-salaamu calaykum. Peace be upon you.

GRAMMAR

A possessive suffix is an ending to a word that indicates possession, similar to the apostrophe-'s' in "John's notebook". Possessive suffixes are the Arabic equivalents of the words "my", "your", "his", "her", "our", and "their".

هذه صديقتي.haadhihi Sadiiqatii.This is my friend.(The word صديقة means a female friend. The silent taa' marbuta (ة) becomes a pronounced taa' (ت) when you attach a suffix to it.)

ما إسمك؟ma ismuka?What is your name? (when asking a man)

ما إسمك؟ma ismuki?What is your name? (when asking a

CULTURAL INSIGHT


The Middle East is as culturally diverse as any other region of the world. Within the Arabic world you'll find people who are very traditional as well as people who take pride in adhering to principles derived from foreign influences. Here we'll discuss the types of casual relationships that occur between men and women from the Middle East.

On one extreme, we have the very conservative and traditional families. These people adhere to the core principles of their religious identity, be it Muslim, Christian, Jewish, or other faiths. For most of these groups, their faith is a way of life. The reason this has an impact on gender relations, particularly Islam which is the religious majority in the Middle East, is that there's a significant jurisprudence dedicated to creating a social system which minimizes the negative consequences of sexual expression in favor of economic productivity and social order. Unfortunately, these principles have sometimes been abused to restrict women's involvement in multiple arenas of society. People in this group identify with the humility, chastity, and modesty encouraged by their faith and they take pride in limiting what they deem to be unnecessary intermingling. An example of somebody in this group is May's friend Sara. Sara dresses completely covered, doesn't talk to her male co-workers about anything outside of work, and does not shake hands when greeting men.

On the more moderate side, we have people who follow their faith and are more accepting of forming relations with the opposite sex, but within boundaries. For example, Danya's cousin, Hala, likes to go to organized social events in public places with large groups of people. She has no problem interacting with men, shaking hands, and discussing family, but she avoids hugs and kisses when greeting as well as any flirtatious behavior in general. So we see that Hala has found a lifestyle that allows her to flourish in a more westernized social order while maintaining the humility, chastity, and modesty encouraged by her faith. These social limits are especially important to consider when intermingling occurs in semi-private or private areas, like Hala's home, even if the friendship is cordial, because such relationships might progress to more than just benign friendships.

Middle Eastern society also includes people who identify with the principles derived from foreign influences. This affects not only relationships, but also fashion and musical tastes. Sometimes even their speech is effected as foreign words and phrases are inserted into regular talk. This is not necessarily a conscious choice, rather a result of cultures across the globe converging in the Middle East through modern-day media.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #2Where are you from?

CONTENTS

2 Arabic2 Vowelled Arabic2 Romanization3 English3 Vocabulary4 Sample Sentences4 Grammar5 Cultural Insight

# 2

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #2 - WHERE ARE YOU FROM? 2

ARABIC

من أين أنت؟ دانية: .1

أنا من الأردن. مي: .2

هل أنت من الزرقاء؟ دانية: .3

لا، أنا لست من الزرقاء. أنا من عمان. مي: .4

click here for the full audio .5

VOWELLED ARABIC

من أين أنت؟ دانية: .1

أنا من الأردن. مي: .2

هل أنت من الزرقاء؟ دانية: .3

لا، أنا لست من الزرقاء. أنا من عمان. مي: .4

ROMANIZATION

1. DAANYA: min 'ayna 'anti?

2. MAY: 'anaa min al-urdun.

3. DAANYA: hal 'anti min az-zarqaa'

CONT'D OVER


4. MAY: laa, 'anaa lastu min az-zarqaa'. 'anaa min cammaan.

ENGLISH

1. DANYA: Where are you from?

2. MAY: I'm from Jordan.

3. DANYA: Are you from Az-Zarqa?

4. MAY: No, I am not from Az-Zarqa. I'm from Amman.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender

لا laa no noun

نعم naʿam yes adverb

أنت 'anta you pronoun

أنت 'anta you pronoun masculine

لست lastu I am not

لست lasta

You are not (masculine singular)

لست lasti

You are not (feminine singular)


أين 'ayna where? adverb

من min from

SAMPLE SENTENCES

نعم, ذهبت مرتينnaʿam, ḏahabtu marratayn Yes, I went twice.

نعم, قليلاnaʿam, qal�lan Yes, a little.

نعم، أنا أفهم.naʿam, ʾan⇥ ʾafham. Yes, I understand.

هل أنت جائع؟hal anta ǧ⇥ʾiʿ? Are you hungry?

أين الحمام؟ʾayna al-ḥamma⇥m? Where is the bathroom?

المطام قريب من هنا.

The restaurant is close from here.

GRAMMAR

A basic equational sentence in Arabic has the form:[subject] + [complement].

إسمه خليل. 'ismuhu khaliil.His name is Khaliil.Note that Arabic has no need for the verb "to be" in this kind of simple sentence.

We can form a yes-no question from any positive statement by placing the particle هل - hal at the beginning of your question.hal + [subject] + [complement]?

هل إسمه أسامة؟ hal 'ismuhu


'usaama?Is his name Osama?

Negating these equational sentences is a little more complicated. The simple part is the negation is accomplished by throwing the verb "to not be" in between the subject and the complement.[subject] +[laysa]+ [complement]?

إسمه ليس أسامة. 'ismuhu laysa 'usaama.His name is not Osama.

The slightly complicated part is you have to choose the correct form of the verb "to not be". English sentences demonstrate this same process, "I am not", "You are not", "He is not"), so it isn't actually very hard. Some simple drills will help you internalize this verb conjugation and get you to start thinking in Arabic. Grab a family photo album, and go through it with a learning partner if possible.

Point at a picture of a man (John) and act out the following dialogue. (?hal huwa Timothy? (Is he Timothy - هل هو تيموثي؟

(.laa, huwa laysa Timothy. (No, he his not Timothy - .لا، هو ليس تيموثي(?maa 'ismuhu? (What is his name - ما إسمه؟(.ismuhu John. (His name is John' .إسمه جون

You can shorten the dialogue to just the first two lines, practicing affirmative answers as well as negative.

The following table summarizes the different forms of ليس laysa (to not be) you'll need to master. At this time you should focus on mastering the singular

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Originally built on seven hills, Amman is the capital of Jordan and its biggest city. Amman consists of an eastern part called “Al Balad” or “Downtown Amman” where most of the city's population resides and whom are predominantly poor. This part is older, more traditional and underdeveloped, yet it is home to museums, attractions and historic ruins such as the Roman Amphitheater and the Citadel. The western side, “West Amman”, is the more modern and developed side of the city where the middle class and wealthy upper class population resides. Over the past 25 years, Amman has been continuously growing and stretching due to


population growth. The population includes diverse ethnic groups such as Palestinians, Iraqis, Circassians and Armenians.

Amman has a lot to offer, from parks, malls and restaurants to museums and historical sites; a unique blend of new and old. The typical uniform white buildings seen in Amman have earned it the nickname “White City”. In the city's commercial center, however, modern buildings and luxurious hotels have become common to Amman's architectural scene.

Located close to Amman are multiple tourist sites. The Dead Sea, just a 45 minute drive from Amman, is a popular destination for locals and tourists alike. Several lavish resorts and hotels are located in the area. The ancient Roman city of Jerash is located to the north of Amman where many ancient monuments serve as tourist atttractions. To the south of Amman, about a 3 hour drive away, is the splendid city of Petra, also known as “the Rose City”. This ancient city, dating back to when the Nabataeans settled in the area, is known for its architecture. The city is completely carved into the mountains. It has been recently chosen as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #3What is that?

CONTENTS


# 3


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #3 - WHAT I S THAT? 2

ARABIC

ما هذا؟ مي: .1

هذا التلفون الخلوي لي، إنه جديد. دانية: .2

ولكن إنه صغير جدا. مي: .3

نعم، إنه حديث وجميل. دانية: .4

هل سعره عال؟ مي: .5

نعم، ولكنه يستحق ذلك. دانية: .6

VOWELLED ARABIC

ما هذا؟ مي: .1

هذا التلفون الخلوي لي، إنه جديد. دانية: .2

ولكن إنه صغير جدا. مي: .3

نعم، إنه حديث وجميل. دانية: .4

هل سعره عال؟ مي: .5

نعم، ولكنه يستحق ذلك. دانية: .6

ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER


1. MAY: maa haadha?

2. DAANYA: haadha at-talafoun al-khalawii lii, 'innahu jadiid.

3. MAY: wa laakin 'innahu Saghiir jiddan.

4. DAANYA: nacam, 'innahu Hadiith wa jamiil.

5. MAY: hal sicruhu caalin?

6. DAANYA: nacam, wa laakinnahu yastaHiqu dhaalik.

ENGLISH

1. MAY: What is that?

2. DANYA: This is my cell phone. It's new.

3. MAY: But it's so small.

4. DANYA: Yes, it's modern and new.

5. MAY: Is it expensive?

6. DANYA: Yes, but it's worth it.

VOCABULARY


حديث ḥad�ṯ modern adjective masculine

صغير Saghiir small adjective masculine

هذه haḏ ihi this determiner feminine

هذا Hada this determiner masculine

سعر siʿru price noun

غالي ⇥al� expensive adjective masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

هذا هاتف حديث.haḏ⇤ h⇤tifun ḥad�ṯ. This is a new telephone.

هذا كتاب صغير.haadha kitaabun saghiir. This is a small book.

هذه صديقتي.haḏihi ṣad�qat�. This is my friend.

بكم هذا؟bikam h⇤ḏa? How much is this?

لمن هذا؟liman h⇤ḏa? Whose is this?

ما هذا؟m⇤ h⇤ḏa? What's this?

هذا صديقي.haadha Sadiiqii. This is my friend.

كم سعر الهاتف؟kam siʿru al-h⇤tif? How much is the price of the phone?

هذا الهاتف سعره غال.haḏ⇤ al-h⇤tifu siʿruhu ⇥al�n. This phone is of high price.

GRAMMAR


All nouns and adjectives are divided into two groups: مؤنث mu'anath (feminine) and مذكر - mudhakkar (masculine), even if they're inanimate objects without a clear biological gender. In Arabic, we use feminine adjectives to describe feminine nouns, and masculine adjectives to describe masculine nouns. For example, the word 'this' becomes a different word in Arabic depending on the gender of the person being talked about. هذا صديقي. haadha Sadiiqii. This is my [male] friend. هذه صديقتي. haadhihi Sadiiqatii. This is my [female] friend. The grammatical gender of an inanimate object determines whether هذا or هذه is used. هذا كرسي. haadha kursii. This is a chair. هذه طاولة. haadhihi Taawila. This is a table. The ة (taa' marbuta) at the end of a word often indicates that a word is feminine. (Note: there are exceptions.) القطة جميلة. al-qiTTatu jamiila. The cat is beautiful. As you read sentences, look out for adjectives that will tell you the gender of new words. Another way to learn the gender of a word is to ask ما هذا؟ maa haadha? What is this?. Listen for whether هذا or هذه is used: هذا for masculine, هذه for feminine.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

The population of Jordan is around 6 million people with about 4 million cell phone lines. Working professionals, students, and even children as young as 5 years old can be seen carrying cell phones on pre-paid accounts. Many people have accounts on more than one of the four major phone networks in Jordan. This is convenient for many people because a current pre-paid account can receive phone calls for free and outgoing calls on the same network are often free.. Text-messaging is popular, particularly since cell-phones come localized with Arabic menus, labels, and buttons. People are able to type using the Arabic script with the cell-phones sold in Jordan, but many bilingual Jordanians often leave their cell-phones in the English setting. In order to send messages in Arabic without switching language settings on their cell-phones, Arabic speakers in the Middle East developed an unofficial transcription system. They use Latin characters that represent the common sounds (like a, b, d, etc.). For sounds that don't have an equivalent in English, numbers are used that

look like the Arabic characters, for example 2 is Hamza ء, the 3 is cayn ع, the 6 is Taa' ط, and 9 is Saad ص .

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #4Do you have a pen?

CONTENTS


# 4


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #4 - DO YOU HAVE A PEN? 2

ARABIC

هل معك قلم آخر؟ مي: .1

آه...لحظة من فضلك...نعم, خذي هذا. دانية: .2

شكرا. سوف أرده بعد قليل. مي: .3

لا تقلق. يمكنك أن تبقيه معك. دانية: .4

VOWELLED ARABIC

هل معك قلم آخر؟ مي: .1

آه...لحظة من فضلك...نعم, خذي هذا. دانية: .2

شكرا. سوف أرده لك, بعد قليل. مي: .3

لا, تقلق. يمكنك أن تبقيه معك. دانية: .4

ROMANIZATION

1. MAY: hal macaki qalam 'akhar?

2. DAANYA: 'ah...laHDHa min faDlik...nacam. khudhii haadha.

3. MAY: shukran. saufa 'urudduhu laka, bacad qaliil.

4. DAANYA: laa taqlaq. yumkinuki 'an tubqiihi macaki.

ENGLISH CONT'D OVER


1. MAY: Do you have another pen with you?

2. DANYA: Umm... one moment please...yes, take this.

3. MAY: Thanks. I'll give it to you in a little while.

4. DANYA: Don't worry. You may keep it with you.

VOCABULARY


لحظة laḥẓah moment noun feminine

آخر ʾ�ḫar another adjective

تبقي tubqii you keep verb

قليل qaliil little

بعد bacad after preposition

أرد 'arruduI return

(something) verb

مع maʿa with preposition

من فضلك min faḍlik please phrase

يمكن yumkin it is possible verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

لحظة و أعود.laḥẓah wa ʾaʿ⇥d. One moment and I'll come back.

أراك يوما آخر.ʾar�ka yawman ʾ�ḫar. I will see you another day.

هل تريد أن تبقي الكتاب؟hal turiidu 'an tubqii al-kitaab? Do you want to keep the book?

الطعم قليل.aT-Tacamu qaliil. There is not much food.

صديقتي ستأتي بعد قليل.Sadiiqatii sata'tii bacad qaliil. My friend will come after a little while.

الحفلة تبدأ بعد الرابعة.al-Hafla tabda'a bacad ar-raabica. The party starts after four.

سأرد اليك الكتاب غدا.sa 'arrudu 'ilayka al-kitaab ⇤adan. I will return the book to you tomorrow.

تحدثت مع صديقي.taḥaddaṯtu maʿ ṣad⌅q⌅. I spoke with my friend.

هذا من فضلك.haḏ� min faḍlik. This please.(masculine)

هل يمكن أن أتحدث إليك؟hal yumkin 'an 'atHaddathu 'ilayka? Is it possible that I talk to you?

GRAMMAR

Object pronouns in English are me, you, him, her, it, us, and they. In Arabic, an object pronoun is expressed as a suffix directly attached to the end of a verb or preposition. هل تتكلم

?hal tatkallam al-carabiya? nacam, 'atkallamhaa. - Do you speak Arabic - .العربية؟ نعم, أتكلمها

Yes, I speak it. أعطني جريدة من فضلك. - 'acTinii jariida min faDlak. - Give me a newspaper,

please. أين الكتاب؟ الكتاب معي. - 'ayna al-kitaab? al-kitaab macaii. - Where's the book? The book is with me. The following is a table of all the object suffixes. Notice that with the exception of the first person singular, they are the same as the possessive suffixes we learned in Beginner Lesson 1.


singular dual plural

3rd person masculine

...ه or ...ه ...hu or ...hi humaa... هما... hum... هم...

3rd person feminine

haa... ها... humaa... هما... hunna... هن...

2nd person masculine

ka... ك... kumaa... كما... kum... كم...

2nd person feminine

ki... ك... kumaa... كما... kunna... كن...

1st person...ي or ...ني

...ii or ...nii ...نا ...نا

Note that ني... is attached to the end of verbs while ي... is attached to the end of prepositions. Pronunciation tip: The pronoun ه... is usually pronounced ...hu, but if it follows a kasra (i) or yaa' (ي... ii), then it turns into ه... (hi).

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Middle Eastern people have always been known for their kindness and generosity. Due to the nomadic nature and scarce resources of Bedouin Arabs in the Arab peninsula and North Africa, generosity and hospitality were of high regard. When Islam came, its teachings highly encouraged and cherished generosity. So even though Arabs are no longer nomadic, the ideal of generosity is still present. If you are invited to someone's home, you can expect to be offered something to eat or drink. Guests usually refuse the offer once for politeness, but accept afterwards. Even if you show up unexpectedly, you will most likely be offered something to eat or drink. Again, it is polite to refuse the offer because you don't want the host to go through the effort. Depending on the effort required to prepare the treat, it is polite to refuse several times (2 to 5 times) until the host either insists or accepts your refusal.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #5How are you?

CONTENTS


# 5


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #5 - HOW ARE YOU? 2

ARABIC

ألو؟ مي: .1

مرحبا يا مي. انا دانية. دانية: .2

أهلا دانية. كيف حالك؟ مي: .3

الحمد الله. وأنت؟ كيف حالك؟ هل أنت بخير؟ دانية: .4

نعم، أنا بأحسن حال، والحمد الله. لقد إشتريت كتابا جديدا. مي: .5

من كتب هذا الكتاب؟ دانية: .6

إسمه جبران خليل جبران. مي: .7

VOWELLED ARABIC

ألو؟ مي: .1

مرحبا يا مي. أنا دانية. دانية: .2

أهلا دانية. كيف حالك؟ مي: .3

الحمد لله. وأنت؟ كيف حالك؟ هل أنت بخير؟ دانية: .4

نعم، أنا بأحسن حال، والحمد لله. لقد إشتريت كتابا جديدا. مي: .5

من كتب هذا الكتاب؟ دانية: .6

CONT'D OVER


إسمه جبران خليل جبران. مي: .7

ROMANIZATION

1. MAY: alo?

2. DANYA: marHaban yaa May, 'anaa Danya.

3. MAY: 'ahlan yaa Danya. Kayfa Haaluki?

4. DANYA: al-Hamdu lillaah. wa 'anti? Kayfa Haaluki? hal 'anti bikhayr?

5. MAY: nacam, 'anaa bi'aHsan Haal, wa al-Hamdu lillaah. Laqd 'ishtarayt kitaaban jadiidan.

6. DANYA: man kataba haadha al-kitaab?

7. MAY: 'ismuhu jibraan khaliil jibraan.

ENGLISH

1. MAY: Hello?

2. DANYA: Hello May. I'm Danya.

3. MAY: Hi Danya. How are you?

4. DANYA: Praise God. And you? How are you? Are you fine?

CONT'D OVER


5. MAY: Yes, I'm in the best condition, and praise god. I just bought a new book.

6. DANYA: Who wrote that book?

7. MAY: His name is Khaliil Gibran.

VOCABULARY


أهلا 'ahlan hello interjection neutral

كيف حالك؟ kaifa ḥaaluki?How are you? (fem. singular) phrase masculine

مرحبا marḥabanhello, hi; welcome expression

الحمد الله al-ḥamdu lillaahPraise be to

God. phrase

و wa and conjunction

و أنت؟ wa 'anta?And you?

(masc. singular) phrase masculine

بأحسن bi'aHsan in the best

من man who? pronoun

SAMPLE SENTENCES


أهلا!إتفضل!ʾhlan! ʾitfaḍḍal! Hello! Please come in! (Egyptian Arabic)


أنا و أحمد ذهبنا إلى السينما.ʾan� wa ʾaḥmad ḏahbn� ʾil� al-s⇥nim�. Me and Ahmed went to the cinema.

أنا بأحسن حال.'anaa bi'aHsani Haal. I'm in the best condition.

من حسني مبارك؟man Husnii mubaarak? Who is Hosni Mubarak?

من هما؟man humaa? Who are they? (asked about a pair of people)

من أنتما؟man 'antumaa? Who are you? (asked to a pair of people)

من أنتن؟man 'antunna? Who are you? (asked to a group of women)

من أنتم؟man 'antum? Who are you? (asked to a group)

من نحن؟man naHnu? Who are we?

من أنا؟man 'anaa? Who am I?

من هن؟man hunna? Who are they? (asked about a group of women)

من هم؟man hum? Who are they?

من أنت؟man 'anti? Who are you? (asked to a woman)


من أنت؟man 'anta? Who are you? (asked to a man)

من هي؟man hiya? Who is she?

من هو؟man huwa? Who is he?

GRAMMAR

Today we talked about the Arabic definite article: ال - al - the. If we look at the example الكتاب - al-kitaab - the book, we see that ال let's us know we're talking about a specific book, as opposed to an unspecified book كتاب - kitaab - a book. If you were going to use "the" to express yourself in English, then you are most likely going to use ال in Arabic. .الرجل قصير - ar-rajul qaSiir. - The man is short. The definite article ال is also used in ways that "the" is not used in English. In the next example we see that ال is attached to the adjective of a definite noun. Notice that this example is no longer a complete sentence, but just a noun phrase. ar-rajul al-qaSiir - the short man To make adjectives out of the demonstrative - الرجل القصيرpronouns (هذا, هذه - haadha, haadhihi - this) the definite article ال is added to the noun. Compare the following examples: .هذه طاولة قصيرة - haadhihi Taawila qaSiira. - This is a short table. .هده الطاولة قصيرة - haadhihi aT-Taawila qaSiira. - This table is short. The pronunciation of depends on the sound following it. If the next letter is pronounced using the tip of the الtongue, then the 'l' sound is replaced by that letter. Here is a list of all the letters that assimilate the 'l' sound in ال. (Note: These are called الحروف الشمسية - al-Huruuf ash-shamsiya - the sun letters.) ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن Examples الرجل - ar-rajul - the man الطاولة- aT-Taawila - the table الشمس- ash-shams - the sun The rest of the letters in the Arabic alphabet are known as الحروف القمرية - al-Huruuf al-qamariya (the moon letters) and don't use the tip of the tongue, so the 'l' sound is pronounced. أ ب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م ه و ي Examples: الكتاب- al-kitaab - the book al-qamar - the moon -القمر al-'ustaadh - the teacher -الأستاذ

CULTURAL INSIGHT


The phrase الحمد الله - al-Hamdu lillaah in Arabic is literally translated as "Praise be to God". الحمد (al-Hamdu) means "praise" and الله (lillaah) means "to God". Although الحمد الله is derived from the Quran, it is common for Muslims, Christians and Jews alike in the Middle East to use this phrase. This common expression can be heard on the streets, in the mosque, and even in the news. It is used in all conditions, good or bad, because one should always be thankful.When someone asks "How are you?" or "How is work, family, school...etc.", people answer the question with الحمد الله and may or may not explain further. For example: Kareem: How is your new job, Samer? Samer: It's great! I really like it. الحمد الله. How is your job? Kareem: الحمد الله. But it's tiring and I work long hours. I am thinking of applying for a new job.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #6I'm Lebanese

CONTENTS


# 6


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #6 - I 'M LEBANES E 2

ARABIC

مرحبا. إسمي هالة. هالة: .1

أهلا. أنا جميلة. جميلة: .2

من أين أنت؟ هالة: .3

أنا لبنانية. وأنت؟ جميلة: .4

أنا تونسية. هالة: .5

هل تجيدين اللغة الإنجليزية؟ جميلة: .6

نعم، والفرنسية أيضا. هالة: .7

VOWELLED ARABIC

مرحبا. إسمي هالة. هالة: .1

أهلا. أنا جميلة. جميلة: .2

من أين أنت؟ هالة: .3

أنا لبنانية. وأنت؟ جميلة: .4

أنا تونسية. هالة: .5

هل تجيدين اللغة الإنجليزية؟ جميلة: .6

CONT'D OVER


نعم، والفرنسية أيضا. هالة: .7

ROMANIZATION

1. HAALA: marHaban. 'ismii haala.

2. JAMIILA: 'ahlan. 'anaa jamiila.

3. HAALA: min 'ayna 'anti?

4. JAMIILA: 'anaa lubnaaniya. wa 'anti?

5. HAALA: 'anaa tuuniisiya.

6. JAMIILA: hal tujiidiin al-lugha al-ingliiziya?

7. HAALA: nacam, wa al-faransiya 'ayDan.

ENGLISH

1. HALA: Hi. My name is Hala.

2. JAMIILA: Hi. I'm Jamiila.

3. HALA: Where are you from?

4. JAMIILA: I'm Lebanese. And you?

5. HALA: I'm Tunisian.

CONT'D OVER


6. JAMIILA: Are you proficient in English?

7. HALA: Yes, and French too.

VOCABULARY


الإنجليزية al-ʾinǧl�ziyyahEnglish

(language) noun feminine

العراق al-ciraaq Iraq noun

جزائرية jizaa'iriya Algerian noun feminine

جزائري jizaa'irii Algerian adjective masculine

الجزائر al-jizaa'ir Algeria noun

أردنية 'urduniya Jordanian noun feminine

أردني 'urdunii Jordanian adjective masculine

الأردن al-'urdun Jordan noun

مصرية miṣriyyh Egyptian noun feminine

مصري miSrii Egyptian noun masculine

مصر miṣr Egypt noun

مغربية maghribiya Moroccan noun feminine

مغربي maghribii Moroccan adjective masculine

المغرب al-ma⇥rib Morocco noun

عراقي ciraaqii Iraqi adjective masculine

عراقية ciraaqia Iraqi adjective feminine


السعودية al-suʿ⇤diyyah Saudi Arabia noun feminine

تونسية tuunisiya Tunisian adjective feminine

تونسي tuunisii Tunisian adjective masculine

من أين أنت؟ min 'ayna 'anti?Where are you

from? expression

أيضا ʾayḍan too, also adverb

لغة lugha language noun feminine

تجيدين tujiidiinyou are

proficient verb feminine

تونس tuunis Tunisia noun

أنا 'ana I pronoun

إسمي 'ismii my name phrase

أهلا 'ahlan hello interjection neutral

مرحبا marḥabanhello, hi; welcome expression

سعودية sucudiya Saudi adjective feminine

سعودي sucudii Saudi adjective masculine

كورية kuuriya Korean adjective feminine

كوري kuuryii Korean adjective masculine

إسبانية ʾisb⌅niyyah Spanish adjective feminine

إسباني 'isbaaniyii Spanish adjective masculine

إسبانيا 'isbaanyaa Spain noun

فرنسية faransiya French adjective feminine

فرنسي faransi French adjective masculine


فرنسا faransaa France noun feminine

عربي carabii Arabic adjective masculine

عربية carabii Arabic adjective feminine

إنجليزية 'ingliiziya English adjective feminine

إنجلترا 'ingaltraa England noun feminine

أمريكية ʾamr�kiyah American (fem.) adjective feminine

أمريكي ʾamr�k� American adjective masculine

أمريكا 'amriikaa the U.S. noun feminine

ألمانيا ʾalm⌅ny⌅ Germany noun feminine

الماني almaaniyii German adjective feminine

المانية almaaniiya German adjective feminine

كوريا kuryaa Korea noun

يابانية yaabaaniya Japanese adjective feminine

ياباني yaabaanii Japanese adjective masculine

اليابان al-y⌅b⌅n Japan noun feminine

إيطالية 'iiTaaliya Italian noun feminine

إيطالي 'iiTaalyii Italian adjective masculine

إيطاليا ʾ�ṭaliy⌅ Italy noun feminine

سورية suuriya Syrian adjective feminine

سوري suuryii Syrian adjective masculine

سوريا suuryaa Syria noun

لبنانية lubnaaniya Lebanese adjective feminine

لبناني lubnaanii Lebanese adjective masculine

لبنان lubnaan Lebanon noun

إنجليزي 'ingl�z� English adjective masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

تکلم الإنجليزيةtakallam al-ʾinǧl�ziyyah To speak English

أنا مصرية من القاهرة.ʾn⌅ miṣriyyh min elq⌅hirh. I'm Egyptian from Cairo.

المغرب هي إحدى دول شمال إفريقيا.al-ma⇥ribu h� ʾiḥd⌅ duwal öamal-u ʾifr�qy⌅. Morocco is one of the North African countries.

أنا ذاهب للعمل في السعودية.ʾan⌅ ḏ⌅hibun lilʿamal f� al-suʿ⇤diyyah. I'm going to work in Saudi Arabia.

أنا أيضا.ʾan⌅ ʾayḍan. Me too.

أنا سائح أيضاʾan⌅ s⌅ʾiḥ ʾayḍan I'm a tourist too.

أنا جائعʾan⌅ ǧ⌅ʾiʿ I'm hungry.

أنا طالب.ʾan⌅ ṭal-ib. I'm a student. (masculine)

إسمي ليلى.'ismii layla. My name is Layla.

إسمي علي'ismii cali. My name is Ali.

أهلا!إتفضل!ʾhlan! ʾitfaḍḍal! Hello! Please come in! (Egyptian Arabic)


هل تتكلم الاسبانية؟hal tataklmu al-ʾisb⌅niyyah? Do you speak Spanish?

هو إسباني.huwa 'isbaaniyii. He is Spanish.

هي فرنسية.hiya faransiya. She is French.

هو فرنسي.huwa faransii He is French.

فرنسا إحتلت مصر.farans⌅ ʾiḥtallat miṣr. France occupied Egypt.

هي إنجليزية.hiya 'ingliiziya. She is English.

هي أمريكية.hiya ʾamr�kiyah. She is American.

هو أمريكي.huwa ʾamr�k�. He is American.

فين ف أمريكا؟Fin f Amrika? Where in America (are you from)?

طيور الكركي اليابانية ترقص في الثلجṭuy⇤r alkurk� aly⌅b⌅niyyh tarquṣ f� aṯṯalǧ The white Japanese cranes are dancing in the snow.

طيور الكركي اليابانية ترقص في الثلجṭuy⇤r alkurk� aly⌅b⌅niyyh tarquṣ f� aṯṯalǧ The white Japanese cranes are dancing in the snow.

هي من إيطاليا.hiya min ʾiyṭal-y⌅. She is from Italy.

إيطاليا بلد جميل.ʾi�ṭal�⌅ baladun ǧam�luu. Italy is a beautiful country.

هو إنجليزي.huwa 'ingaltraa. He is English.

GRAMMAR


nisba (relationship) adjectives are adjectives that describe a relationship, like that نسبةbetween a country and its citizens. Like all adjectives in Arabic, the nisba adjective has must agree in gender with the noun it is modifying. To form the masculine nisba of a word you add

.an -ii sound to the end. To form the feminine nisba you add -iyalubnaan - Lebanon - لبنان

(lubnaanii - Lebanese (m - لبناني(lubnaaniya - Lebanese (f - لبنانية

If the word ends in an 'alif, then you drop the 'alif before adding -ii/-iya.suuryaa - Syria - سوريا

(suuryii - Syrian (m - سوري (suuriya - Syrian (f - سورية

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Arabic is the official language spoken in the Middle East. There are a great number of different of spoken dialects in each region, such as Moroccan, Iraqi and Lebanese. In addition, there is the Modern Standard Arabic, which is mainly used in written communications, media, publications and as a formal way to communicate between groups who speak different dialects.

English and French are very common second languages in the Middle East. In most Arab countries English is the most common second language. It is taught in schools at very early ages as a subject in the curriculum. This is the case in countries like UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan. In other countries like Lebanon, Tunisia, and Algeria, French is the most common second language. These countries were all under the French mandate. During that time, it was obligatory to teach students French in schools and to use it in official government documents and in the business community. Even though the mandate has ended, you can still see its influence in spoken language, literature and culture.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #7Do you speak English?

CONTENTS


# 7


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #7 - DO YOU S PEAK ENGLI S H? 2

ARABIC

عفوا. هل تتكلمين الإنجليزية؟ نور: .1

نعم، أتكلم القليل من الإنجليزية. سارة: .2

Great, can you tell me how to get to the Umayyad Mosque?

نور: .3

أنا آسفة. أتكلم فقط القليل من الإنجليزية. هل تفهمين العربية؟ سارة: .4

نعم، ولكن أفهم القليل منها فقط. نور: .5

VOWELLED ARABIC

عفوا. هل تتكلمين الإنجليزية؟ نور: .1

نعم، أتكلم القليل من الإنجليزية. سارة: .2

Great, can you tell me how to get to the Umayyad Mosque?

نور: .3

أنا آسفة. أتكلم فقط القليل من الإنجليزية. هل تفهمين العربية؟ سارة: .4

نعم، ولكن أفهم القليل منها فقط. نور: .5

ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER


1. NUUR: cafwaan, hal tatakallamiin al-'ingliiziya?

2. SAARA: nacam, 'atkallam al-qaliil min al-'ingliiziya.

3. SAARA: Great, can you tell me how to get to the Umayyad Mosque?

4. SAARA: 'anaa 'aasifa. 'atakallam faqaT al-qaliil min al-'ingliiziya. hal tafhamiin al-carabiya?

5. SAARA: nacam, wa laakin 'afham al-qaliil minhaa faqaT.

ENGLISH

1. NOOR: Excuse me. Do you speak English?

2. SARAH: Yes, I speak a little English.

3. NOOR: Great, can you tell me how to get to the Umayyad Mosque?

4. SARAH: I'm sorry. I only speak a little English. Do you understand Arabic?

5. NOOR: Yes, but I understand a little bit of it only.

VOCABULARY


عفوا ʿafwan excuse me expression

تفهمين tafhamiina you understand verb feminine

تفهم tafham you understand verb masculine


منها minhaa of it

عربية carabii Arabic adjective feminine

فقط faqaṭ only adverb

أسف 'aasif sorry


أتكلم ʾatakallam I speak verb

تتكلمين tatakallamiina you speak verb feminine

تتكلم tatakallamu you speak verb masculine

أفهم 'afham I understand verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

عفوا, هل أستطيع المرور?

Excuse me, can i pass?

لا، أنت لا تفهم.laa, 'anta laa tafham. No, you don't understand.

هل أنت تفهم؟hal 'anta tafham? Do you understand?

إني فقط أفكر.ʾinn� faqaṭ ʾufakkir. I'm just thinking.

أريد ماء فقطureedu ma'an fakaT I want water only.



لا أتكلم الفرنسية.l⇥ ʾatakallamu al-faransiyyah. I don't speak French.


هل تتكلم العربية؟hal tatakallam al-ʿarabiyyah? Do you speak Arabic?

أنا لا أفهم.'anaa laa 'afham. I don't understand.

نعم، أنا أفهم.naʿam, ʾan⇥ ʾafham. Yes, I understand.

GRAMMAR

The Arabic verb is made of three parts, the root, the wazan, and a system of affixes. The root tells us the general meaning of the word, and is used to look it up in a dictionary. The root of تدرسين tadrusiin (you study) is د ر س d r s. The root of the word is combined with the wazan to form the stem of the verb. The wazan is the pattern of consonants and vowels that is applied to the root and it adds additional meaning. The two words تدرس tadrus (you study) and تدرس tudarris (you teach) both have the same root (د ر س ) and have something to do with the transfer of knowledge. The difference between the two words is made by applying different patterns to the root. We'll study roots and wazan more carefully in later lessons. The final part of an Arabic verb is the system of prefixes and suffixes that tell you who is doing the action.

To form the first person singular form of a verb, attach أ 'a to the front of the stem: أدرس 'adrus (I study).To form the 2nd person singular masculine form, attach ت t to the front of the stem: تدرس tadrus (you study).To form the 2nd person singular feminine form, attach ت t to the front of the stem and ين iin to the end of it: تدرسين tadrusiin (you

CULTURAL INSIGHT

In one of the world's most ancient cities, Damascus, stands one of its most breathtaking landmarks; that is Umayyad Mosque or also called Great Mosque of Damascus. Located in the heart of the capital, Umayyad mosque is considered one of the oldest and largest


mosques in the world. The site where the mosque stands today has been a worship destination for different faiths throughout history. It began with a temple of Hadad, believed to be the god of rain and storm, in the Aramean era. It was then a temple of Jupiter in the Roman era. In the Byzantine era and during the fourth century it became a church dedicated to John the Baptist. Then during the Muslim ruling of the Umayyad dynasty, Muslims and Christians shared the site. Muslims prayed in the eastern side while the Christians in the west side. Eventually, the caliphate Al-Walid I bought the church from the Christians in promise of protecting all churches in the city and building a new church for them. Soon after it was purchased, Al-Walid asked the Emperor of Byzantine for 200 artisans to decorate the mosque. Byzantine architecture is still evident in the mosque's splendid build to this day. Since it was built, the mosque has been destroyed in different areas. The first was caused by a fire in 1069 C.E, it was sacked by the Mongols in 1269 C.E, in the 15th century Tamerlane of Asia burnt the inside completely, then finally in the Ottoman era it was destroyed almost entirely by fire. Each time it was destroyed, efforts were made to rebuild it to the closest original plan. The Umayyad mosque is characterized by a large courtyard, spacious prayer halls, and several religious shrines. These shrines include the head of Al-Hussein, the Prophet Muhammad's grandson who was killed in the Karbala war, and the shrine of John the Baptist, honored by Muslims and Christians alike. The tomb of Saladin stands in the northwestern corner of Umayyad mosque as well. This beautiful monument attracts Muslim and Christian visitors annually, including a visit by Pope John Paul II in 2001.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #8I don't know.

CONTENTS


# 8


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #8 - I DON'T KNOW. 2

ARABIC

عفوا، هل تعرفين أين برج المملكة؟ فاطمة: .1

طبعا أعرف. هو هناك. ريما: .2

أين؟ لا أراه فاطمة: .3

هناك. إنه ذلك البناء الكبير. ريما: .4

أوه! إنه كبير جدا. فاطمة: .5

VOWELLED ARABIC

عفوا، هل تعرفين أين برج المملكة؟ فاطمة: .1

طبعا أعرف. هو هناك. ريما: .2

أين؟ لا أراه. فاطمة: .3

هناك. إنه ذلك البناء الكبير. ريما: .4

أوه! إنه كبير جدا. فاطمة: .5

ROMANIZATION

1. FAATIMA: cafwan. hal tacrifiina 'ayna burju al-mamlaka?

CONT'D OVER


2. RIIMAA: Tabcan 'acrif. huwa hunaak.

3. FAATIMA: 'ayna? laa 'araah.

4. RIIMAA: hunaak. 'innahu dhaalika al-binaa' al-kabiir.

5. FAATIMA: 'ouh! 'innahu kabiir jiddan.

ENGLISH

1. FATIMAH: Excuse me, do you know where Kingdom Tower is?

2. RIMA: Of course I know. It's over there.

3. FATIMAH: Where? I don't see it.

4. RIMA: There. It is that big building over there.

5. FATIMA: Wow, it is very big.

VOCABULARY


برج المملكةburju al-mamlaka Kingdom Tower proper noun

ṭabʿan طبعا of course adverb

كبير kabiir big, large adjective

جدا ǧiddan very adverb


هو huwa he (it) noun

هناك hunaak over there

ذلك dhaalika that (over there) pronoun

بناء binaa' building noun masculine

أعرف ʾaʿrif I know verb

فقط faqaṭ only adverb

تعرف tacrifyou know

(masculine) verb masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

هل تحب الزهور؟ ...طبعاhal tuḥibbu al-zuh�r? ...ṭabʿan Do you like flowers? ... of course

اسكن قرب جامع كبيرaskunu qurba ǧ⇥miʿin kab⇤rin I live next to a big mosque

إنها ثمينة جدا.ʾinnah⇥ ṯam⇤naẗun ǧiddan. It's truly precious

هو من إنجلترا.huwa min 'ingaltra. He's from England.

إني أعرفه من قبلʾinni⇤ ʾaʿrifuhu min qabl I know him already

إني فقط أفكر.ʾinn⇤ faqaṭ ʾufakkir. I'm just thinking.

أريد ماء فقطureedu ma'an fakaT I want water only.

GRAMMAR


Today we learned to negate verbs in the present. To negate verbs in the present, all you have to do is say لا laa (no) before the verb. Remember that this rule only applies to the present tense in Standard Arabic. Other tenses use different words to negate verbs, which is useful since the final vowel of verbs (which makes the tense clear) is often dropped in rapid speech.

(?maa haadha? (What is this ما هذا؟

(.laa 'acrif. (I don't know لا أعرف.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Kingdom Center, also called Al-Mamlaka Tower برج المملكة brj al-mamlaka Al-Mamlaka Tower is an iconic symbol of Saudi Arabia that stands 992 feet high in the capital city of Riyadh. This skyscraper is considered the highest in the country and the tallest skyscraper in the world under 50 floors. The shape of the skyscraper is of unique design that resembles a modern bottle opener which in fact won it the annual Emporis Award in 2002. Deciding on the design was a 3 year process during which submissions from major architectural firms around the world were studied. The Kingdom Center includes a big shopping mall, the five-star hotel Four Seasons, a wedding and conference center, a sports club, a major bank headquarters and a luxurious apartment complex. At the very top of the building is a sky bridge 65 meters long that weighs 300 tons. This sky bridge contains a public observation deck that overlooks Riyadh. In addition to having earned an award for the building design, the shopping mall inside the center has also won a major award for its design as well. What is unique about this mall is that the last floor, called “Ladies' Kingdom”, is only for women to enter. Women on that floor are not required to wear the traditional “abaya” (عباية), a long black dress worn over clothes, which women should wear by law in Saudi Arabia. The mall features expensive shops and international brand name stores. Kingdom Centre is owned by the Saudi prince Al-Walid bin Talal, an international businessman and investor.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #9He does it well.

CONTENTS


# 9


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #9 - HE DOES I T WELL. 2

ARABIC

هل تعرفين من هذا؟ ندى: .1

لا، لا أعرف. عالية: .2

إنه مارسيل خليفة. ندى: .3

من هو؟ عالية: .4

هو عازف رائع، ويغني جيدا أيضا. ندى: .5

من أين هو؟ عالية: .6

هو من لبنان. ندى: .7

VOWELLED ARABIC

هل تعرفين من هذا؟ ندى: .1

لا، لا أعرف. عالية: .2

إنه مارسيل خليفة. ندى: .3

من هو؟ عالية: .4

هو عازف رائع ويغني جيدا أيضأ. ندى: .5

من أين هو؟ عالية: .6

CONT'D OVER


هو من لبنان. ندي: .7

ROMANIZATION

1. NADA: hal tacrifiin man haadha?

2. CAALIYA: laa, laa 'acrif.

3. NADA: 'innahu maarsiil khaliifa.

4. CAALIYA: man huwa?

5. NADA: huwa caazif raa'ic wa yughannii jayyidan 'ayDan.

6. CAALIYA: min 'ayna huwa?

7. NADA: huwa min lubnaan.

ENGLISH

1. NADA: Do you know who that is?

2. AALIYAH: No, I don't know.

3. NADA: It's Marcel Khalife.

4. AALIYAH: Who's he?

5. NADA: He is a wonderful musician and he sings well too.

CONT'D OVER


6. AALIYAH: Where's he from?

7. NADA: He's from Lebanon.

VOCABULARY


من man who? pronoun

هو huwa he pronoun

إنه 'innahu he is

عازف caazifplayer (of

instruments) noun masculine

رائع r�ʾiʿ wonderful adjective

يغني yughanii he sings verb

جيدا jayyidan very adverb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

من حسني مبارك؟man Husnii mubaarak? Who is Hosni Mubarak?

من هما؟man humaa? Who are they? (asked about a pair of people)

من أنتما؟man 'antumaa? Who are you? (asked to a pair of people)

من أنتن؟man 'antunna? Who are you? (asked to a group of women)


من أنتم؟man 'antum? Who are you? (asked to a group)

من نحن؟man naHnu? Who are we?

من أنا؟man 'anaa? Who am I?

من هن؟man hunna? Who are they? (asked about a group of women)

من هم؟man hum? Who are they?

من أنت؟man 'anti? Who are you? (asked to a woman)

من أنت؟man 'anta? Who are you? (asked to a man)

من هي؟man hiya? Who is she?

من هو؟man huwa? Who is he?

هو طالب.huwa ṭ�lib . He is a student. (Egyptian Arabic)

من أي بلد هو؟min ʾayy baladin huwa? Where is he from?

إنه مريض.ʾinnahu mar⇥ḍ. He is sick.

إنه هناك!'innahu hunaak! He is over there!

قد يكون من الصعب أن تصبح عازفا لأدوات

موسيقية مختلفة

Becoming a player of various instruments can be difficult.


يا له من منظر رائع!⇥� lahu min manẓarin r�ʾiʿ! What a wonderful view!

GRAMMAR

The third person singular masculine form of Arabic verbs in the imperfect tense is formed by putting placing the prefix ya- in front of the imperfect stem. For example, we've previously covered the word أدرس 'adrus (I study) which is made of the prefix 'a- and the stem

CULTURAL INSIGHT

UNESCO Artist for Peace Marcel Khalife is a cultural music icon from Lebanon. Born in 1950 in Amsheet, Lebanon, Khalife is a nationalist singer, composer, and an accomplished oud player. He first learned to play oud in his teens and later continued at the National Academy of Music in Beirut. In the years that followed, Marcel taught music, saw the birth of his music ensemble called Al-Mayadeen which toured different continents playing Arabic and Western fused music to the crowds and has written a six volume anthology. Marcel Khalifeh is perhaps one of the most supportive artists of the Palestinian case in the Middle East. He has sung many poems for Mahmoud Darwish, a profound nationalist Palestinian poet.Being awarded the Palestine Award for Music, he donated a significant amount of the award money to the National Conservatory of Music at Birzeit University in Palestine. Through his art, Marcel Khalifeh wants to reshape the face of Arabic music and hopes to slowly transform the culture surrounding it. His recordings add up to about 20 albums including Arabic Coffeepot, Peace Be With You and The Children.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #10We have to go.

CONTENTS

2 Arabic2 Vowelled Arabic2 Romanization3 English3 Vocabulary4 Sample Sentences4 Grammar

# 10


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #10 - WE HAVE TO GO. 2

ARABIC

هل أنت جاهزة؟ سارة: .1

لا، لست جاهزة.لا أستطيع إيجاد مفاتيحي. هبة: .2

يجب أن نذهب الآن. سارة: .3

أين مفاتيحي؟ هبة: .4

إنها على الطاولة. سارة: .5

VOWELLED ARABIC

هل أنت جاهزة؟ سارة: .1

لا، لست جاهزة. لا أستطيع إيجاد مفاتيحي. هبة: .2

يجب أن نذهب الآن. سارة: .3

أين مفاتيحي؟ هبة: .4

إنها على الطاولة. سارة: .5

ROMANIZATION

1. SAARA: hal 'anti jaahiza?

CONT'D OVER


2. HIBA: laa, lastu jaahiza. laa 'astaTiic 'iijaad mafaatiiHii.

3. SAARA: yajibu 'an nadhhab al'aan.

4. HIBA: 'ayna mafaatiiHii?

5. SAARA: 'innahaa cala aT-Taawila.

ENGLISH

1. A: Are you ready?

2. B: No, I'm not ready. I can't find my keys.

3. A: We have to go now.

4. B: Where are my keys?

5. A: They are on the table.

VOCABULARY


جاهزة jaahiza ready (fem.) adjective

على ʿal� on preposition

إنها 'innahaa it

يجب yajibu it is necessary


نذهب nadhhab we go verb

الآن al-ʾ�n now pronoun

مفاتيح mafaatiiH keys noun

مفتاح muftaaH key noun masculine

أستطيع 'astaTiic I can verb

أستطيع إيجاد 'astaTiic 'iijaad I can find verb phrase

إيجاد 'iijaad finding noun

طاولة Taawila table noun feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

على اليمين يا أسطى.ʿal� el-yim⇥n y� ʾusṭ�. (Stop) on the right, driver.

سأذهب الآن.saʾḏhabu al-ʾ�n. I'm going now.

GRAMMAR

The first person plural form of Arabic verbs in the imperfect tense is formed by putting placing the prefix na- in front of the imperfect stem. For example, we've previously covered the word أدرس 'adrus (I study) which is made of the prefix 'a- and the stem drus. Now, we just replace the singular prefix 'a- with the plural prefix na- to make ندرس nadrus (we study). Applying the conjugation rules we've learned so far to today's verb we get: أذهب 'adhhab (I go) tadhhab تذهب yadhhab (he goes) يذهب tadhhabiina (you go, f) تذهبين tadhhab (you go, m) تذهب(she goes) تذهب nadhhab (we go)

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #11Call him!

CONTENTS


# 11


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #11 - CALL HI M! 2

ARABIC

أين هو؟ مي: .1

لا أعرف. إتصلي به. دانية: .2

ما رقم تلفونه؟ مي: .3

واحد أربعة إثنان صفر ثلاثة خمسة ستة تسعة سبعة ثمانية عشرة. دانية: .4

VOWELLED ARABIC

أين هو؟ مي: .1

لا أعرف. إتصلي به. دانية: .2

ما رقم تلفونه؟ مي: .3

واحد أربعة إثنان صفر ثلاثة خمسة ستة تسعة سبعة ثمانية عشرة. دانية: .4

ROMANIZATION

1. MAY: 'ayna huwa?

2. DANYA: laa 'acrif. ittaSilii bi-hi.

3. MAY: maa raqam telefonhu?

CONT'D OVER


4. DAANYA: waahid 'arbca 'ithnaan sifr thalaatha khamsa sitta tisca thamaania cashara.

ENGLISH

1. MAY: Where is he?

2. DANYA: I don't know. Call him.

3. MAY: What's his phone number?

4. DANYA: 1 (420) 356-978-10

VOCABULARY


صفر ṣifr zero noun

رقم raqam number noun

إتصلي بها 'ittaSilii bihaacall her (said to a

woman) command

إتصلي به 'ittaSilii bihicall him (said to a

woman) command

عشرة ʿaörah ten noun

تسعة tisʿah nine noun

ثمانية ṯam�nyah eight noun

سبعة sabʿah seven noun

ستة sitta six noun


خمسة ḫamsah five noun

أربعة ʾrbaʿah four noun

ثلاثة ṯal�ṯah three noun

إثنان ʾiṯn�n two noun

واحد ⇥�ḥid one noun

ما maa what interrogative

SAMPLE SENTENCES

درجة الحرارة هي صفر

the temperature is zero

اعطني رقم هاتفك.iʿṭin⇤ raqama h�tifiki. Give me your phone number .(to a girl)

هناك عشرة أبقار من الحظيرة

There are ten cows in the barn>معي تسعة آلاف دولار

i have nine

ArabicEnglishDanishi have nine thousands

عندي ثمانية دفاتير

I have eight notebooksعندي سبعة حقائب

i have seven bags

يوجد ستة كراسي في المكتب

there is six chairs in the office

يوجد خمسة آلاف طالب في الجامعة.y⇥ǧad ḫamsat ʾ�l�f ṭ�lib f⇤ al-ǧ�miʿah. There are 5000 students at the university.

هناك أربعة اشخاص لا اعرفهم

There is four people i do not knowيوجد ثلاثة كومبيوترات

there are three computers


إثتان من الطلاب عادا إلى المنزل

two of the students went back homeأريد قلم واحد

i want one pen.

ما هذا؟m� h�ḏa? What's this?

ما الأمر؟m� al-ʾamr? What's wrong?

ما هذا؟m� h�ḏa? What's that?

GRAMMAR

Today's grammar point is the command form of the verb "to call." First, let's review the verb "to call.""I call" is " أتصل" ('attaSil) "You call" when said to a man is " تتصل" (tattaSil). When said to a woman, it's " .(tattaSilii) "تتصلي"He calls" is "يتصل " (yattaSil). "She calls" is " تتصل" (tattaSil)

If we think about how all those words sounded we can find a common stem, which is (ittiSaal') "إتصال "

Now, let's order a man to make the phone call. It's " !إتصل " ('ittaSil!) So when we say "I call", we start the verb with 'a, but in the command form, it's 'i. One more time, "I call, Call!" ('attaSil, 'ittaSil!)

For the feminine form, you just add "ii" to the end and say "إتصلي " ('ittaSilii). To recap, let's say "Call!" to a man ('ittaSil) and then to a woman ('ittaSilii).

CULTURAL INSIGHT


When making international calls there are several additional numbers you have to dial to redirect your call. First you have to dial a number to send your call out of your country. For this number is 011, for Middle Eastern countries its 00. Next you have to dial the country code of the country you are trying to call. For example, Saudi Arabia is 966, Syria is 963, and Jordan is 962. Now that you've dialed into the country, you have to dial an area code and finally the local number. Calling Amman from the United States would then require 14 digits: 011-962-6-345-7810

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #12How much does it cost?

CONTENTS


# 12


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #12 - HOW MUCH DOES I T COS T? 2

ARABIC

كم سعر هذا؟ لمى: .1

ثلاثة دننانير. البائع: .2

هذا غال جدا. دينار واحد. لمى: .3

هذا رخيص جدا. ديناران. البائع: .4

حسنا. اتفقنا إذن. لمى: .5

VOWELLED ARABIC

كم سعر هذا؟ لمى: .1

ثلاثة دنانير. البائع: .2

هذا غال جدا. دينار واحد. لمى: .3

هذا رخيص جدا. ديناران. البائع: .4

حسنا. إتفقنا إذن. لمى: .5

ROMANIZATION

1. LAMA: kam sacru haadha?

CONT'D OVER


2. AL-BAA'IC: thalaathatu danaaniir.

3. LAMA: haadha ghaalin jiddan. diinaar waaHid.

4. AL-BAA'IC: haadha rakhiiS jiddan. diinaaraan.

5. LAMA: Hasanan. 'itafaqnaa 'idhan.

ENGLISH

1. LAMA: How much does it cost?

2. SELLER: 3 dinars

3. LAMA: That's too expensive. 1 dinar

4. SELLER: That's too cheap. 2 dinars

5. LAMA: Okay. We agree then.

VOCABULARY


كم kam how much noun

البائع al-baa'ic the seller noun

إذن ʾiḏan then conjunction

إتفقنا 'ittafaqnaa We have agreed. verb

حسنا Hasanan OK


رخيص rakhiiS cheap adjective

غال ghaalin expensive adjective

دنانير danaaniir dinars

ديناران diinaaraan two dinars.

دينار diinaar dinar noun

البائعة al-baa'ica the seller (fem.) noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

كم الساعة؟kam ass�ʿah? What time is it?

كم طولك؟kam ṭ⇥luk? How tall are you?

الورقة بكم؟warqa bkam? How much is the ticket?

دعنا نذهب إذن.daʿn� naḏhab ʾiḏan. Let's go then.

GRAMMAR

Today's grammar point is the grammatical number system in Arabic. In English, we have different words for singular and plural. For example: "a house" and "three houses." Arabic also has separate words for singular and plural. For example, "bayt" (بيت), "buyuut " (بيوت). But Arabic also has a dual form for exactly two objects: "baytaan" (بيتان) - two houses.The dual form is really easy to make. All you have to do is add "-aan" to the end. Sometimes, you need to add "-ayn" depending on the grammatical role of the word. Let's look at some examples: - "diinaar دينار" (one dinar), "diinaaraan ديناران" (two dinars), "danaaniir دنانير" (dinars)- "bayt بيت" (one house), "baytaan بيتان" (two houses), "buyuut بيوت" (houses)- "Sadiiq صديق" (one friend), "Sadiiqaan صديقان" (two friends)," 'aSdiqaa' أصدقاء"


(friends)- "Sadiiqa صديقة " (one female friend), "Sadiiqataan صديقتان" (two female friends), "Sadiiqaat (female friends) "صديقات

There are some general guidelines to form the plural but they are some exceptions. Like in English, we just add an s or z sound to the end like cat- cats, dog- dogs. So for feminine words that end with a "taa' marbuuta", we just replace the final "-a" sound with "-aat." For

example, "mucallima معلمة" (one female teacher), "mucallimataan معلمتان ", "mucallimaat معلمات " (female teachers).

For many masculine words, we just add "uun" to the end. For example, "mucallim معلم" (one

male teacher), "mucalliman معلمان" (two male teachers), "mucllimuun معلمون" (male teachers).

However, most words are unpredictable like "child" and "children", "tooth" and "teeth", "person" and "people", etc.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

It's very common to see people bargaining at market places in Arab countries unless you're at a designer store or an international franchise where prices are already set. Haggling is a skill you need to learn before you set off on your trip on an Arab country or learn it from locals once you're there. What you have to do is insist. It is sort of expected that you ask for a lower price. So don't be afraid to give bargaining a shot.

The unit of currency in Jordan is the dinar as well as in the 12 countries of the Arab League. Syria, Egypt and Lebanon use pounds. Morocco and the United Arab Emirates use the dirham. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Yemen, and Oman use the rial

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #13What time is it?

CONTENTS


# 13COPYRIGHT © 2017 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #13 - WHAT TI ME I S I T? 2

ARABIC

عفوا، كم الساعة؟ فاطمة: .1

السادسة و النصف. هند: .2

هل تعرفين متى تصل الحافلة؟ فاطمة: .3

تصل بعد خمسة دقائق. هند: .4

شكرا. فاطمة: .5

VOWELLED ARABIC

عفوا، كم الساعة؟ فاطمة: .1

السادسة والنصف. هند: .2

هل تعرفين متى تصل الحافلة؟ فطمة: .3

تصل بعد خمسة دقائق. هند: .4

شكرا. فاطمة: .5

ROMANIZATION

1. FAATIMA: cafwan. kam as-saaca?

2. HIND: as-saadisa wan-niSf.

CONT'D OVER


3. FAATIMA: hal tacrifiina mata taSil al-Haafila?

4. HIND: taSil bacad khamsati daqaa'iq.

5. FAATIMA: shukran.

ENGLISH

1. FATIMA: Excuse me, what time is it?

2. HIND: It's six thirty.

3. FATIMA: Do you know when the bus arrives?

4. HIND: It arrives in five minutes.

5. FATIMA: Thank you.

VOCABULARY


كم الساعة؟ kam as-saaca? What time is it?

دقيقتان daqiiqataan two minutes noun, dual

دقيقة (Standard)

daqiiqa, daq�qah minute noun feminine

حافلات Haafilaat buses noun, plural

لغة lu⇥ah Language noun feminine

لغتان lughataan two languages noun, dual form


لغات lughaat languages

دقائق daqaa'iq minutes

بعد bacd after preposition

حافلة (Standard) Haafila bus noun feminine

تصل taSil She arrives. verb

متى (Standard) mat⇤ when adverb

نصف niṣf half noun masculine

الساعة (Standard) al-ss⇤ʿah the hour, o'clock noun, adverb feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

أععطني دقيقة فقط, لو سمحت.ʾaʿṭin� daq�qah faqaṭ, la⌅ samaḥt.

Give me a minute only, please.

لو سمحت , ممكن دقيقة؟law samaḥt , mumkin diʾ�ʾah?

Excuse me, can I have a minute? (Egyptian Arabic)

إن تعلم لغة أخرى فد يكون تحديا و متعة.ʾinna taʿalluma lu⇥aẗun ʾuḫr⇤ qad yak⌅nu taḥaddiyan wa mutʿah.

Learning another language can be challenging and fun.

إلى أين تذهب هذه الحافلة؟ʾil⇤ ʾayna taḏhab haḏihi al-ḥ⇤filah?

Where does this bus go?

متى سوف تبدأ مباراة كرة القدم.mat⇤ sa⌅fa tabdaʾu mub⇤r⇤ẗu kuraẗi al-qadam.

When does the football game start?

متی عيد ميلادك؟mat⇤ ʿ�du m�l⇤dik?

When is your birthday?


نصف تفاحة.niṣfu tuff⇤ḥah.

Half an Apple.

صديقك أتى في الساعة السابعة.ṣad�quka ʾat⇤ fi� al-ss⇤ʿaẗi 7.

Your friend came at 7 o'clock.

سوف يكون لدينا اجتماع في الساعة الثالثة.sa⌅fa yuk⌅nu lada�na⇤ iǧtima⇤ʿ fi� as-sa⇤ʿah al-ṯaalṯah.

We will have a meeting at 3 o'clock.

كم الساعة؟kami al-s⇤ʿah?

What time is it?

GRAMMAR

Today's grammar will focus on forming ordinal numbers. Ordinal numbers tell you the order of things, like first, second, third, etc. Now, just like one and first have different forms, Arabic has different forms for the cardinal and ordinal numbers. Number "one" is "waahid" (واحد) and "first" is "'awwal" (أول). Number "two" is "'ithnaan" (إثنان) while "second" is "thaanii" (ثاني) or "thaaniya" (ثانية).

There is a special sound pattern for making the ordinal numbers from third to tenth. First, let's look at number "three." In Arabic, it's "thalaatha" (ثلاثة). It has three root letters: thaa' (ث), laam To make the ordinal numbers, what you need to do is attach a long "aa" sound .(ث) 'thaa ,(ل)between the first two root letters, and a short "i" sound before the last letter. For example, "third" is "thaalith" (ثالث) or "thaalitha" (ثالثة)

Now, number "four" is "'arbaca" (أربعة). The root letters are: raa' (ر), baa' (ب) and cayn (ع).

Applying the same rule as before, "fourth" is "raabic" (رابع) or "raabica" (رابعة). "Five" is "khamsa" (خمسة). "Fifth" is "khaamis" (خامس) or "khaamisa" (خامسة). "Six" is "sitta" (ستة). "Sixth" is "saadis" (سادس) or "saadisa" (سادسة).

"Seven" is "sabca" (سبعة). "Seventh" is "saabic" (سابع) or "saabica" (سابعة). "Eight" is "thamaanya" (ثمانية). "Eighth" is "thaamin" (ثامن) or "thaamina" (ثامنة).

"Nine" is "tisca" (تسعة). "Ninth" is "taasic" (تاسع) or "taasica" (تاسعة).

"Ten" is "cashara" (عشرة). "Tenth" is "caashir" (عاشر) or "caashira" (عاشرة).

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Today we would like to cover the kinds of public transportation available in Amman. There are buses, minibuses, taxis and service taxis. A minibus is a large van; it's very cheap and most of


the people that use minibuses are university students and commuters. In Damascus, a lot of people use them to get everywhere because it's kind of crowded and a lot of people don't own cars.

Now all throughout the Middle East there are taxis. These are convenient because you don't have to worry about parking. They're definitely more expensive than buses but they're generally affordable, though it depends on each country. In Beirut, for example, you can get a taxi to drive you from one side of the city to the other for about $ 15, which is the same amount you would pay to get to Damascus!

And since a lot of people travel between Amman, Damascus and Beirut, there are buses, taxi cars and trains to travel between different cities. Trains are less popular in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Syria.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #14Haircut

CONTENTS


# 14


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #14 - HAI RCUT 2

ARABIC

هل تستطيعين قص شعري أقصر بقليل؟ نادية: .1

حسنا. هكذا؟ مصففة الشعر: .2

لا ! اتركيه أطول من ذلك بقليل . نادية: .3

هل هذا أفضل؟ مصففة الشعر: .4

نعم. أحبه هكذا أكثر. نادية: .5

VOWELLED ARABIC

هل تستطيعين قص شعري أقصر بقليل؟ نادية: .1

حسنا. هكذا؟ مصففة الشعر: .2

لا ! اتركيه أطول من ذلك بقليل . نادية: .3

هل هذا أفضل؟ مصففة الشعر: .4

نعم. أحبه هكذا أكثر. نادية: .5

ROMANIZATION

1. NADIA: hal tistaTiiciin quS shacrii 'aqSar bi-qaliil?

CONT'D OVER


2. MUSAFIFATU ASH-SHACR:

Hasanan. haakadha?

3. NADIA: laa, 'itrukihi 'aTwal min dhaalika bi-qaliil.

4. MUSAFIFATU ASH-SHACR:

hal haadha 'afDal?

5. NADIA: nacam. 'uHibuhu haakadha 'akthar.

ENGLISH

1. NADIA: Can you cut my hair just a little shorter?

2. HAIRDRESSER: Sure. Like this?

3. NADIA: No ! Keep it a little longer than that.

4. HAIRDRESSER: Is this better?

5. NADIA: Yes. I like it like this more.

VOCABULARY


قص qaSSu to cut verb

شعر shacr hair noun masculine

أقصر 'aqSar shorter adjective


هكذا haakadha like this

ترك taraka he left verb

أطول 'aTwal longer adjective

أفضل ʾafḍal better adjective

أحب 'uHib love expression

أكثر من ʾakṯar min more than phrase

SAMPLE SENTENCES

أنا أعرف مكانا أفضل.ʾan� ʾaʿrifu mak�nan ʾafḍal. I know a better place .

الرجل أحب المرأةʾlraǧul ʾḥabba ʾlmar'aː The man loved the woman.

لدي أكثر من واحدة.laday ʾakṯar min w�ḥidah. I have more than one.

GRAMMAR

When you want to compare how tall two people are, you use special forms of the adjective "tall". For example:Steve is tall.John is taller than Steve.Adam is the tallest.In English the new forms are created by adding suffixes: -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative form.

Arabic changes the pattern of vowels in the adjective to make the comparative and superlative


forms.

Many adjectives have the form: C1aC2iiC3

Their comparative forms use the pattern: 'aC1C2aC3

.Steve Tawiil .ستيف طويل.John 'aTwal min Steve .جون أطول من ستيف

.Adam al-'aTwal .ادام الأطول

LESSON NOTES

Beginner #15Cars

CONTENTS


# 15


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER #15 - CARS 2

ARABIC

أوه، هذه السيارة الحمراء هي الأجمل! تالا: .1

إنها جميلة، ولكن أليست هذه الزرقاء أجمل من الحمراء؟ رشا: .2

لا، إنها بجمال الحمراء. تالا: .3

حسنا، أي سيارة أسرع؟ رشا: .4

الزرقاء ليست بسرعة الحمراء. تالا: .5

أليست السيارة الحمراء أغلى سيارة هنا؟ رشا: .6

في الواقع، إنها الأقل غلاء. تالا: .7

VOWELLED ARABIC

أوه، هذه السيارة الحمراء هي الأجمل! تالا: .1

إنها جميلة، ولكن أليست هذه الزرقاء أجمل من الحمراء؟ رشا: .2

لا، إنها بجمال الحمراء. تالا: .3

حسنا، أي سيارة أسرع؟ رشا: .4

الزرقاء ليست بسرعة الحمراء. تالا: .5

أليست السيارة الحمراء أغلى سيارة هنا؟ رشا: .6

CONT'D OVER


في الواقع، إنها الأقل غلاء. تالا: .7

ROMANIZATION

1. TALA: oh, haadhihi as-sayyaara al-Hamraa' hiya al-'ajmal!

2. RASHA: 'innahaa jamiila, wa laakin 'a laysat haadhihi az-zarqaa' 'ajmal min al-Hamraa'?

3. TALA: laa, 'innahaa bi-jamaal al-Hamraa'.

4. RASHA: Hasanan, 'ay sayyaara 'usrc?

5. TALA: az-zarqaa' laysat bi-sarca al-Hamraa'.

6. RASHA: 'a laysat as-sayyaara al-Hamraa' 'aghlaa sayyaara hunaa?

7. TALA: fii al-waaqic, 'innahaa al-'aqall ghalaa'.

ENGLISH

1. TALA: Wow, that red car is the most beautiful!

2. RASHA: It is beautiful, but isn't this blue one more beautiful than the red one?

3. TALA: No, it's just as beautiful as the red one.

4. RASHA: Well, which car is the fastest?

CONT'D OVER


5. TALA: The blue one is not as fast as the red car.

6. RASHA: Isn't the red car the most expensive car here?

7. TALA: Actually, it's the least expensive one.

VOCABULARY


سيارة sayy�rah car noun feminine

جميل ǧam⇥l beautiful adjective

حمراء Hamraa' red adjective

زرقاء zarqaa' blue adjective

حسنا Hasanan OK

سريع sariic fast adjective

غالي ⇤al⇥ expensive adjective

في الواقع fii al-waaqic actually


SAMPLE SENTENCES

تحتوي القاهرة على عدد من السيارات يفوق تحملها.

taḥtawi⇥ al-q�hirah ʿal� ʿadadin min al-sayy�r�t yaf⌅qu taḥammulih�. Cairo has more cars than it can handle.

سيارة جديدةsayy�rah ǧad⇥dah A new car


منظر جميلmanẓarun ǧam⇥lun Beautiful view

أكل غاليʾakl ⇤�l⇥ Expensive food (Egyptian Arabic)



GRAMMAR

Sometimes when comparing two things we find that they are the same. For example if we compare the heights of two men we say "John is as tall as Steve." Here we used the same form of the adjective as in the sentence "John is tall." However, in Arabic, another form of the adjective is used. You'll have to use a dictionary to find the form for each adjective, but a

common pattern is: C1uC2C3. John is as tall as Steve: John bi-Tuul Steve. Steve is as big as John: Steve bi-kubr John. This noun form can be used with the negating verb ليس laysa to make lesser comparisons. John is not as tall as Steve: John laysa bi-Tuul Steve.

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #16Using Arabic Dual Nouns

CONTENTS

2 Standard Arabic2 Vowelled Standard Arabic2 Standard Romanization3 English3 Vocabulary4 Sample Sentences5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage7 Grammar

11 Cultural Insight

# 16


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #16 - US I NG ARABI C DUAL NOUNS 2

STANDARD ARABIC

هل لديك إي أشقاء يا جون؟ مها: .1

نعم, لدي أخ و أخت. جون: .2

كم عمرهما؟ مها: .3

أخي عمره سبعة عشر عاما و أختي عمرها خمس و عشرون عاما. ماذا عنك يا مها؟

جون: .4

لدي أختان. كلتاهما أكبر مني في العمر. مها: .5

VOWELLED STANDARD ARABIC

هل لديك أي أشقاء يا جون؟ مها: .1

نعم, لدي أخ و أخت. جون: .2

كم عمرهما؟ مها: .3

أخي عمره سبعة عشر عاما و أختي عمرها خمس و عشرون عاما. ماذا عنك يا مها؟

جون: .4

لدي أختان. كلتاهما أكبر مني في العمر. مها: .5

STANDARD ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER


1. MAH�: hal ladayka ʾa⇥ ʾaöiqq⇤ʾ y⇤ ǧ⌅n?

2. Ǧ⇧N: naʿam, laday ʾaḫ wa ʾuḫt.

3. MAH�: kam ʿumruhum⇤?

4. Ǧ⇧N: ʾaḫ⇥ ʿumruh sabʿaẗa ʿaöara ʿ⇤man wa ʾuḫt⇥ ʿumruh⇤ ḫams wa ʿiör⌅n ʿ⇤man. m⇤ḏ⇤ ʿanki y⇤ mah⇤?

5. MAH�: ladyy ʾuḫt⇤n. kilt⇤hum⇤ ʾakbar minn⇥ f⇥ al-ʿumr.

ENGLISH

1. MAHA: Do you have any siblings, John?

2. JOHN: Yes, I have a brother and a sister.

3. MAHA: How old are they?

4. JOHN: My brother is 17 and my sister is 25. How about you?

5. MAHA: I have two sisters. They are both older than I am.

VOCABULARY


إي (Standard) ʾa⇥ any article


لدي (Standard) lada⇥ I have conjugated verb

كم (Standard) kam how (old) article

كل (Standard) kul all, both noun dual feminine

أكبر (Standard) ʾakbar older, bigger adjective

اشقاء (Standard) aöiqq⇤ʾ siblings noun plural masculine

أخ (Standard) ʾaḫ brother noun masculine

عمر (Standard) ʿumr age noun masculine

عام (Standard) ʿ⇤m year, year old noun masculine

أخت (Standard) ʾuḫt sister noun dual feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

أي خدمات أخرى؟ʾay ḫadam⇤t ʾuḫra⇤? Any other services?

لدي إبن و إبنة.laday ʾibn wa ʾibnah. I have a son and a daughter.

كم عمرك؟kam ʿumruk? How old are you?

الشجرتان كلتاهما كبيرتان.al-öaǧarat⇤n kilt⇤hum⇤ kab⇥rat⇤n. Both trees are big.


هذا الفرع أكبر من ذاك.haḏ⇤ al-farʿu ʾakbaru min ḏ⇤k. This branch is bigger than that one.

لا يبدوان كالأشقاء.l⇤ yabduw⇤n kaal-ʾaöiqq⇤ʾ. They don't look like siblings.

أخوها كان في حادث سيارة.ʾaḫ⌅h⇤ ka⇤na fi⇥ ḥ⇤diṯi sayy⇤rah. Her brother was in a car accident.

هل لديك أخ؟hal lada⇥ka ʾaḫ? Do you have a brother?

عندي أخ.ʿind⇥ ʾaḫḫ. I have a brother.

الأخوان يستحميان في حوض الاستحمام.al-ʾaḫawa⇤n yastaḥmiya⇤n fi⇥ ḥawḍ al-⇤stiḥma⇤m. The brothers bathe in the bathtub.

عمره عشر سنوات.ʿumruhu ʿaöru sanawa⇤t. He is ten years old.

نحن في عام 2015naḥnu f⇥ ʿ⇤m 2015 We are in the year 2015.

لدي أختان صغيرتلن.laday ʾuḫt⇤n ṣa⌃⇥rat⇤n. I have two little sisters.

هل عندك إخوة؟hal ʿindak ʾiḫwa? Do you have any brothers or sisters?

الأختان وجدتا بعض الزهور.ʾalʾuḫt⇤n waǧadat⇤ baʿḍ azzuh⌅r. The sisters found some flowers.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

هل لديك

هل لديك

hal ladayk "Do you have..?"


This expression is used to ask someone about both his/her material belongings (tissue, money, etc.) and his/her friends/family members, but is more commonly used to ask about animate objects. For inanimate objects, you could also use the word معك (ma'ak) that we learned in lesson 4 of this series.

For a woman, this would become هل لديك..؟ so we'll just add an i after the second word. Hal is a question word that is used to ask Yes/No questions. It's very easy to use; just put it before a sentence without changing anything in the affirmative sentence structure.

The second word ladayk means "you have." It consists of the word lada which means "owning" followed by the second person masculine pronoun ka with an added i in-between because the word lada ends with a vowel.

For example:

هل لديك أصدقاء في هذه المنطقة؟

هل لديك أصدقاء في هذه المنطقة؟

hal ladayka ʾaṣdiq� ʾf⇥ haḏihi al-minṭaqah? "Do you have friends in this area?" (talking to a man)

أي

أي

ʾa� "Any"

The word ay is used before a noun to mean "any."

In the dialogue, it is used before a plural noun, and just like English it would mean "Any siblings." It can also be used before singular nouns, forming phrases like أي شيء meaning "anything." The usage in both cases is pretty much the same as English.

For example:

هل تريد أي شيء من الصيدلية؟

هل تريد أي شيء من الصيدلية؟


hal tur⇥du ʾayya öay ʾmin al-ṣa⇥daliyyah? "Do you need anything from the pharmacy?"

ماذا عنك؟

ماذا عنك؟

m⇥ḏ⇥ ʿank? "What about you?"

This expression is a very useful one in turning the tables and getting information without having to repeat the question all over again.

The first word m�ḏ� means "What" and the second word ʿank means "about you" or "concerning you." By changing the pronoun attached to the second word عنك, you can get many other combinations like ماذا عنكي؟, which is the same line ("what about you?") directed to a female, and ماذا عنه؟ meaning "what about him?"

For example:

ماذا عنكي يا مها؟

ماذا عنكي يا مها؟

m�ḏ� ʿank⇥ y� mah�? "What about you, Maha?"

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is Using the Expressions hal ladayk and laday to Ask and Answer Questions About What You Have (brothers, sisters, boy/girlfriend)

كم عمرهما؟

kam ʿumruhum⇥? "How old are they?"

Talking about Family Members Using the Expression lada


In Standard Arabic, the verb "to have" does not exist. Instead, a special expression (classified as a preposition) called lada is used to indicate that one has siblings/a boyfriend/girlfriend. Let's study all the different forms of this expression.

First of all, we need to understand that this is not a verb, meaning that it won't be conjugated like a verb.

Lada

Lada لدى is the main word in this expression. In Arabic, it's actually a preposition but can be translated to "having," which makes it a bit of a challenging word grammar-wise.

Adding pronoun suffixes to this word will allow us to say "I have" or "You have" etc. Let's see all the possible forms together:

English Arabic Romanization

I have a brother. لدي أخ. laday ʾaḫ.

You have a brother. لديك أخ. ladayka ʾaḫ.

He has a brother. لديه أخ. ladayhi ʾaḫ.

She has a brother. لديها أخ. ladayha ʾaḫ.

We have a brother. لدينا أخ. ladayn� ʾaḫ.

They have a brother. لديهم أخ. ladayhum ʾaḫ.

They(female) have a brother. لديهن أخ. ladayhunn ʾaḫ.

They(dual) have a brother. لديهما أخ. ladayhuma ʾaḫ.

To form a question, simply add هل (hal) before any of these sentences, meaning "Do you..."

هل لديك أخ؟


hal ladayka ʾaḫ? "Do you have a brother?"

Now let's move on to some important vocabulary.


brother أخ ʾaḫ

sister أخت ʾuḫt.

boyfriend حبيب ḥab⇥b

girlfriend حبيبة ḥab⇥bah

Dual Nouns

Standard Arabic has a very special form that doesn't exist in English called the dual form. It is used to imply that here are two of a thing, and not more. For more than two, the plural form is used. In this lesson, we will focus on how to form the dual form for nouns, using the dialogue as an example.

In the dialogue, we have:

لدي أختان.

ladyy ʾuḫt�n. "I have two sisters."

Let's take a look at the word أختان (ʾuḫt�n) meaning "two sisters":

أخت + ان= أختان

The singular form of this word is أخت (ʾuḫt) meaning "sister." What we did is attach the suffix ان (�n). Very simple, right?

Let's see another example:

أخ + ان = أخان


"Two brothers"

قلم + ان= قلمان

"Two pens"

Adjectives take the same suffixes as the nouns they describe, so for dual nouns we can say:

رجلان طويلان

rajulaan tawiilaan "Two tall men."

So if we look at the word طويلان meaning "tall"

طويل + ان = طويلان

For feminine nouns, however, we have to add the feminine ت to the suffix:

فتاتان طويلتان

fataataan tawiilataan "Two tall girls"

Let's look at the word طويلتان meaning "tall"

طويل + ت + ان = طويلتان

Examples from the dialogue:

لدي أختان. كلتاهما أكبر مني في العمر.

ladyy ʾuḫt�n. kilt�hum� ʾakbar minn⇥ f⇥ al-ʿumr. "I have two sisters. They are both older than I am."

Sample Sentences

معي كرسيان. خذ واحد.

ma ⇥ʿ kurs⇥�n. ḫuḏ w�ḥid.


"I have two chairs. Take one."

رأيت شجرتان كبيرتان.

raʾaytu öaǧarat�n kab⇥rat�n. "I saw two big trees."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Nuclear Families in the Middle East

Family bonds are very important in the Middle East, although it's not the way it used to be now that social media has become a big part of our lives. It's very normal in the Middle East to find very big nuclear families because having many children is considered a good thing, even if the family isn't well off. Newlyweds are always pressured to have more than one child to support them when they grow older. These concepts are slowly fading as globalization invades the Middle East.

Useful expression:

عائلة , أسرة

ʿa'ilah, 'usrah "Family, nuclear family"

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #17Planning a Party in Egypt

CONTENTS


12 Cultural Insight

# 17


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #17 - PLANNI NG A PARTY I N EGYPT 2

STANDARD ARABIC

مرحبا جون! ما رأيك أن نقيم حفلا في بيتك في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع؟ أحمد: .1

فكرة جيدة! احضروا مشروبات و أنا سوف أعد بعض الطعام. جون: .2

رائع! أين تسكن؟ هل يمكنك أن تعطيني عنوانك؟ أحمد: .3

أكيد! 22 شارع النصر, المعادي, شقة 12 جون: .4

ما أفضل طريقة للوصول إلى هناك؟ أحمد: .5

إنزل من القطار في محطة المعادي ثم إركب الحافلة المتجهة إلى شارع النصر.

جون: .6

شكرا! سأخبر أصدقائنا إذا. أحمد: .7


مرحبا جون! ما رأيك أن نقيم حفلا في بيتك في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع؟ أحمد: .1

فكرة جيدة! احضرو مشروبات و أنا سوف أعد بعض الطعام. جون: .2

رائع! أين تسكن؟ هل يمكنك أن تعطيني عنوانك؟ أحمد: .3

أكيد! ,22 شارع النصر,المعادي, شقة 12. جون: .4

ما أفضل طريقة للوصول إلى هناك؟ أحمد: .5

CONT'D OVER



جون: .6

شكرا! سأخبر أصدقائنا إذا. أحمد: .7


1. ʾAḤMAD: marḥaban ǧ�n! m⇥ raʾyuka ʾan nuq⇤m ḥaflan f⇤ ba⇤tik f⇤ ʿuṭlaẗi nih⇥yaẗi al-ʾisb�ʿ?

2. Ǧ⌅N: fikrah ǧayyidah! iḥḍir� maör�b⇥t wa ʾan⇥ sawfa ʾuʿiddu baʿḍa al-ṭaʿ⇥m.

3. ʾAḤMAD: r⇥ʾiʿ! ʾayn taskun? hal yumkinuka ʾan tuʿṭ⇤n⇤ ʿinw⇥nak?

4. Ǧ⌅N: ʾak⇤d! 22 ö⇥riʿ al-naṣr, al-maʿ⇥d⇤, öaqqah 12.

5. ʾAḤMAD: m⇥ ʾafḍal ṭar⇤qah lilwuṣ�l ʾil⇥ hun⇥k?

6. Ǧ⌅N: ʾinzil min al-qiṭ⇥r f⇤ maḥaṭṭaẗi al-maʿ⇥d⇤ ṯm ʾirkab al-ḥ⇥filah al-muttaǧihah ʾil⇥ ö⇥riʿ al-naṣr.

7. ʾAḤMAD: öukran! saʾuḫbiru ʾaṣdq⇥ʾan⇥ ʾiḏan."

ENGLISH

1. AHMED: Hi, John! How about we hold a party at your place this weekend?

2. JOHN: Good idea! You get drinks and I will prepare some food.

CONT'D OVER


3. AHMED: Nice! Where do you live? Can you give me your address?

4. JOHN: Sure! Maadi, Al-Nasr street, building 22, apartment 12.

5. AHMED: What's the best way to get there?

6. JOHN: Get off at Maadi station and take the bus that goes to Al-Nasr street.

7. AHMED: Thank you! I'll tell our friends then.

VOCABULARY


حفل (Standard) ḥafl party noun masculine

فكرة (Standard) fikrah idea noun feminine

عنوان (Standard) ʿin�⇥n address noun masculine

طريقة (Standard) ṭar⇤qah way, method noun feminine

حافلة (Standard) Haafila bus noun feminine

إذا (Standard) ʾiḏan then conjunction

شقة (Standard) öaqqah apartment noun feminine


قطار (Standard) qiṭ⇥r train noun masculine

محطة (Standard) mahatta station noun feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

سأقيم حفل عيد ميلادي غدا.saʾuq⇤m ḥafl ʿ⇤d m⇤l⇥d⇤ ⇧adan. I'll be holding my birthday party tomorrow.

هذه فكرة جيدة.haḏihi fikrah ǧayyidah. This is a good idea.

عنواني مكتوب على بطاقتي الشخصية.ʿun�⇥n⇤ makt�b ʿal⇥ biṭ⇥qat⇤ al-öaḫṣiyyah. My address is written on my ID card.

ما أسهل طريقة لعمل الكعك؟m⇥ ʾashalu ṭar⇤qah liʿamal al-kaʿk? What is the easiest way to make cakes?

إلى أين تذهب هذه الحافلة؟ʾil⇥ ʾayna taḏhab haḏihi al-ḥ⇥filah? Where does this bus go?

اتفقنا. سأراك غدا إذا.ittafqn⇥. saʾar⇥ka ⇧adan ʾiḏan. Deal. See you tomorrow then.

كم ثمن شقة مفروشة في المعادي؟kam ṯaman öaqqah mafr�öah f⇤ al-maʿ⇥d⇤? How much is a furnished flat in Maadi?

من أين القطار؟min ʾayn al-qiṭ⇥r? Which way is the train?

المحطة في هذا الاتجا.al-maḥaṭṭah f⇤ haḏ⇥ al-ittiǧ⇥h. The station is in this direction.


ما رأيك


ما رأيك

m� raʾyuk "What do you think?"

This is a very useful expression to ask about someone's opinion about something understood from the context.

k) at the end of the word) ك ra'yuk) means "your opinion." The) رأيك Ma) means "what" and) ما ".ra'y) is a possessive pronoun meaning "your) رأي

You can change the possessive pronoun depending on who you are speaking to.

For example:

ما رأيك يا كامل؟

ما رأيك يا كامل؟

m� raʾyak y� k�mil? "What do you think, Kamel?"

فكرة جيدة

فكرة جيدة

fikrah ǧayyidah "Good idea."

This could be a possible answer to the question ما رأيك؟ meaning "what do you think?"

It could be also used in a general context to agree with someone's idea. فكرة (fikrah) means "idea," and جيدة (gayyidah) means "good."

For example:

إنها فكرة جيدة.

إنها فكرة جيدة.

iʾnnah� fikrah ǧayyidah.


"It is a good idea."

أين تسكن؟

أين تسكن؟

ʾayna taskun? "Where do you live?"

Used to ask someone where they live.

This is a very compact expression. أين (Ayn) means "where," and تسكن (taskun) means "you live."

For example:

نسيت أن أسألك. أين تسكن؟

نسيت أن أسألك. أين تسكن؟

nas⇥tu ʾan ʾasʾalak. ʾayna taskun? "I forgot to ask you. Where do you live?"

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is Talking About Addresses and How to Get There

أكيد! 22 شارع النصر, المعادي, شقة 12.

ʾak⇥d! 22 ö�riʿ al-naṣr, al-maʿ�d⇥, öaqqah 12. "Sure! Maadi, Al-Nasr street, building 22, apartment 12."

There is no set order in which you should say where something is as long as it's comprehensible, but the most common way is:

Building number, Street name/number, area, city (if needed) and flat number.

Let's consider the one in the dialogue:


22 شارع النصر,المعادي, شقة 12.

22 ö�ri ʿal-naṣr, al-maʿ�d⇥, öaqqah 12. "Maadi, Al-Nasr street, building 22, apartment 12."

Let's try another example.

15, شارع الأوتوستراد, مدينة نصر, شقة 50

15, ö�ri ʿal-ʾ⇤t⇤str�d, mad⇥nah naṣr, öaqqah 50 "Building 15, Autostrad street, Nasr city, flat no.50"

This is also the order you'll find on a postcard or a letter.

Directions

Now that we are talking about addresses and how to get around, let's learn some important vocabulary related to directions.


"Right" يمين yam⇥n

"Left" يسار yas�r

"In front of" أمام ʾam�m

"Behind" خلف ḫalf

"Next to" بجانب biǧ�nib

أسكن أمام البنك.

ʾaskunu ʾm�m el-bank. "I live in front of the bank."

أنا بجانب المخبز.

ʾn� beǧ�neb el-maḫbaz. "I'm next to the bakery shop."


The Imperative Form

The imperative form is used to give orders or instructions to someone. In Standard Arabic, the same form used to talk to friends or children is used to talk to your boss or people older than you are! So the form doesn't change according to the level of the person you are talking to. You just might have to add a من فضلك min fadlik meaning "please" to sound more polite.

You should already know that any verb in Arabic is originally a 3-letter-stem. Adding certain letters to that stem gets you all word classes in Arabic. Let's see how we can make the imperative form using these 3 stem letters.

For example, let's consider the verb كتب (kataba) meaning "to write." It's made of three main letters, ك ت ب

To get the masculine imperative form, first we need to get the present form of the verb, which in this case is يكتب (yaktub.) Then we need to remove the ي (ya) in the beginning, and put an ا (alif) instead.

ك ت ب ___ يكتب___ أكتب

(uktub)

Let's see the imperative verbs in the lesson dialogue:

ن ز ل___ ينزل___ إنزل

(inzel)

"get off!"

ر ك ب___يركب___ إركب

(irkab)

"get on!"

Now comes the more challenging part. Some of the verbs in Arabic have a vowel in their stem, and that's where the rules change a bit. Let's consider the verb قال (qaala) meaning "to say." As you can see, the middle stem letter is the vowel letter alif that becomes a و (u) sound


when converted to the present tense. In that case, just remove the vowel, and put a damma (which is a vowelling sign) on the first letter of the stem.

ق ا ل___يقول___قل

(qul)

Now if the middle stem letter is the vowel alif أ that becomes a ي (i) sound when converted to the present tense, then instead of the damma, we will put a kasra under the first letter of the stem, like the following verb saara, meaning "to walk":

س ا ر___يسير___سر

(sir)

All of these examples assume that we are directing the order or instructions to a singular male. Next, we should see how we can do this with a female or two people or a group of people.

Directing an order to a singular female:

As a general rule, add an ي (ii) after the masculine form of the imperative.

ك ت ب ___ يكتب___ أكتبي

(uktubii)

The difference is that the irregular form used for verbs with a vowel for the second letter of the stem doesn't apply to the feminine form. Here, we first get the present form, remove the first ي (i) and add the feminine marker ي (i) in the end.

ق ا ل___ يقول _ قولي

quulii

Directing an order to two people:

Last lesson, we studied how to form the dual form for nouns. Now let's see the verb dual form. Let's consider the verb ذهب (zahab) meaning "to go." The dual form is basically just like the masculine singular form, but you only need to add an ا (a) in the end.


ذهب___يذهب__ اذهبا

(ezhabaa)

and just like the feminine form, it doesn't follow the irregular vowelled form.

ق ا ل___ يقول _ قولا

(quulaa)

Directing an order to a group:

Now we want to direct an order to a group of more than two people using the plural form. This will be just like the dual form, replacing the ا (aa) with an وا (uu).

ذهب___يذهب__ اذهبوا

(ezhabuu)

and just like the feminine form, it doesn't follow the irregular vowelled form.

ق ا ل___ يقول _ قولوا

(quuluu)

You might have noticed the ا after the و in this form. This ا is a silent letter so it's not pronounced. This is the only case of silent letters in Arabic.

Let's take a look at some sample sentences for the imperative form.


"Look behind you." انظري خلفك. inẓur⇥ ḫalfaki.

"Call Mohamed and ask him about the place." اتصلوا بمحمد و اسألوه عن المكان.

ittaṣil⇤� bimuḥammad wa isʾal⇤h ʿan al-mak�n.

"Head right." اتجه إلى اليمين. ittaǧih iʾl� al-yam⇥n.




iʾnzil min al-qiṭ�r f⇥ maḥaṭṭaẗi al-maʿ�d⇥ ṯm iʾrkab al-ḥ�filah al-muttaǧihah iʾl� ö�ri ʿal-naṣr. "Get off at Maadi station and take the bus that goes to Al-Nasr street."

Sample Sentences

أكتب إسمك و عنوانك هنا.

ʾuktub iʾsmak wa iʿnw�nak hun�. "Write your name and address here."

انتظري هنا.

intaẓir⇥ hun�. "Wait here."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Living Alone in the Arab World

It's not normal in Egypt and the Arabic world in general for people to live alone in a house, especially for women. Normally, young men and women live with their parents until they get married. But if you are a foreigner, you might have to rent a house and live alone. Many landlords don't accept single men or women renting their apartments, so you have to look around the neighborhoods with many expats, and that's where you'll find a landlord that doesn't mind having single foreigners renting their apartments. Good luck!

Useful expression:

سمسار

sems�r "landlord agent"

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #18Use Your Arabic to Get a Better

Price at the Market!

CONTENTS


12 Cultural Insight

# 18


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #18 - US E YOUR ARABI C TO GET A BETTER PRI CE AT THE MARKET! 2

STANDARD ARABIC

أهلا. أريد إثنان كيلومن اللحم, لو سمحت. جون: .1

هناك لحم محلي و لحم برازيلي. أيهما تفضل؟ الجزار: .2

أيهما أرخص؟ جون: .3

البرازيلي أرخص, لكن المحلي أحلى. الجزار: .4

كم ثمن البرازيلي؟ جون: .5

أربعون جنيها للكيلو. الجزار: .6

حسنا, سآخذ إثنان كيلو منه. جون: .7

ثمانون جنيها. الجزار: .8

تفضل. شكرا. جون: .9


أهلا. أريد إثنان كيلو من اللحم, لو سمحت. جون: .1

هناك لحم محلي و لحم برازيلي. أيهما تفضل؟ الجزار: .2

أيهما أرخص؟ جون: .3

البرازيلي أرخص. الجزار: .4

CONT'D OVER


كم ثمنة؟ جون: .5

أربعون جنيها للكيلو. الجزار: .6

حسنا, سآخذ إثنان كيلو منه. جون: .7

ثمانون جنيها. الجزار: .8

تفضل. شكرا. جون: .9


1. Ǧ�N: ʾahlan. ʾur⇥du ʾiiṯn⇤n k⇥l⌅ min al laḥm, law samaḥt.

2. AL-ǦAZZ⇧R: hun⇤k laḥm maḥall⇥ wa laḥm bar⇤z⇥l⇥. ʾayyuhum⇤ tufaḍḍil?

3. Ǧ�N: ʾayyuhum⇤ ʾarḫaṣ?

4. AL-ǦAZZ⇧R: al-bar⇤z⇥l⇥ ʾarḫaṣ laken al mahalli ahlaa.

5. Ǧ�N: kam ṯaman al baraziili?

6. AL-ǦAZZ⇧R: ʾarbaʿ⌅na ǧunayhan lilk⇥l⌅.

7. Ǧ�N: ḥasanan, sʾ⇤ḫuḏ ʾiṯn⇤n k⇥l⌅ minhu.

8. AL-ǦAZZ⇧R: ṯam⇤n⌅n ǧunayhan.

9. Ǧ�N: tafaḍḍal. öukraan.

ENGLISHCONT'D OVER


1. JOHN: Hi. I want two kilos of meat, please.

2. THE BUTCHER: There is local meat and Brazilian meat. Which do you want?

3. JOHN: Which one is cheaper?

4. THE BUTCHER: Brazilian meat is cheaper, but local meat is better.

5. JOHN: How much is the Brazilian one?

6. THE BUTCHER: Forty pounds a kilo.

7. JOHN: Ok, I'll take two kilos of that.

8. THE BUTCHER: That will be eighty pounds.

9. JOHN: Here you go. Thank you.

VOCABULARY


كيلو (Standard) k⇥l⌅ kilo noun masculine

لحم (Standard) laḥm meat noun masculine

أيهما (Standard) ʾayyuhum⇤

which one (of two) question word

كم (Standard) kam how much question word


رخيص (Standard) rakhiiS cheap adjective

جنيه (Standard) ǧunayh pound noun masculine

ثمن (Standard) ṯaman price noun masculine

حسنا (Standard) ḥasanan OK interjection

منه (Standard) minhu from it/from him phrase

سآخد (Standard) saʾ⇤ḫud I'll take conjugated verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

نصف كيلو لو سمحت.niṣf k⇥l⌅ law samaḥt. Half a kilo, please.

هذا لحم مستورد.haḏ⇤ laḥm musta⌅rad. This meat is imported.

أيهما أحلى؟ʾayyuhum⇤ ʾaḥl⇤? Which is better?

كم ثمن هذا الكتاب؟kam ṯaman haḏ⇤ al-kit⇤b? How much is this book?

سيارتي أرخص من سيارتك.sayy⇤rat⇥ ʾarḫaṣ min sayy⇤ratik. My car is cheaper than your car.

خمسون جنيها فقط.ḫams⌅n ǧunayhan faqaṭ. 50 pounds only.


التعب ثمن الجمال.al-taʿab ṯaman al-ǧamal-. Exhaustion is the price of beauty.

حسنا, أراك غدا.ḥasanan, ʾar⇤ka ⌃adan. Alright. See you tomorrow.

ماذا تريد منه؟m⇤ḏ⇤ tur⇥du minh? What do you want from him?

سآخذ كيلو من التفاح.saʾ⇤ḫuḏ k⇥l⌅ min al-tuff⇤ḥ. I'll take a kilo of apples.


لو سمحت

لو سمحت

law samaḥt "(If you) please"

The expression law samaht literally means "If you allow."

In a conversation it means "please" and you can put it before or after a request sentence. It implies politeness and gives a very good impression, so use it whenever you can!

You can also use this expression on its own if the place is crowded and you want to pass through, like you would say "Excuse me."

For example:

لو سمحت, اريد أن أمر.

لو سمحت, اريد أن أمر.

law samaḥt, �ur⇥d ʾan ʾamur. "I want to pass through, please."

أيهما

أيهما


ʾayyuhum� "which"

This expression literally means "which one of them."

It is made up of two parts: أي (Ay) meaning "which" and هما (huma) meaning "the two." You can use this expression to ask the question "Which one is better/bigger/cheaper?" and so on.

Like: أيهما أفضل\ أكبر\ أرخص؟ (ayyuhuma afdal/akbar/arkhas?)

For example:

أيهما أفضل؟

أيهما أفضل؟

ʾayyuhum� ʾafḍal? "Which one is better?"

سآخذ...

سآخذ...

saʾ�ḫuḏ... "I'll take.."

This expression is used when you decide on buying something.

It literally means "I will take." The expression itself is in the future tense. You can also use it in a restaurant to say your order to the waiter.

For example:

سآخذ ثلاثة كيلومن التفاح.

سآخذ ثلاثة كيلو تفاح.

saʾ�ḫuḏ ṯal�ṯah k⇥l⇤ min altuff�ḥ. "I'll take 2 kilos of apples."

GRAMMAR


The Focus Of This Lesson Is Shopping for Food and Asking About Price Per Kilogram

أهلا. أريد إثنان كيلو لحم, لو سمحت.

ʾahlan. ʾur⇥du ʾiiṯn�n k⇥l⇤ laḥm, law samaḥt. "Hi. I want 2 kilos of meat, please."

The most important expressions we need to learn to navigate the loud Arab souk are the ones related to numbers, counting kilos, and prices.

The Arab world uses kilograms, not pounds, to weigh things. Also unlike many countries in the world, you don't buy apples per apple, you buy it per kilo, especially in Egypt and countries that grow their own vegetables and fruits. As for meat and chicken, you ask for a certain weight, like half a kilogram, for example.

Let's see the most common words that you are going to use in the souk!


"chicken" دجاجdaǧ�ǧ

"beef" لحم بقري laḥm baqar⇥

"apples" تفاحtuff�ḥ

"oranges" برتقالburtuqal

"bananas" موزm⇤z

"tomatoes" طماطم ṭam�ṭim

"cucumber" خيار ḫy�r

Because the word كيلو meaning "kilogram" is originally a foreign word, it has no dual or plural form. You just put an ordinal number before the word "kilo" and that's how you count them.

واحد كيلو

wahid kiilu


"One kilogram"

إثنان كيلو

ithnaan kiilu "Two kilograms"

ثلاثة كيلو

thalaatha kiilu "Three kilograms"

Adding the item that you want after this combination will give you the phrase "(number) kilo of (item)."

ثلاثة كيلو طماطم

Thalaatha kiilu tamatem "Three kilograms of tomatoes"

Or for example:

نصف كيلو طماطم

niṣf k⇥l⇤ ṭam�ṭim "Half a kilo of dates"

While we are at it, let's see some common currencies in the Arab world:

Country Currency Romanization

Egypt, Sudan جنيه ǧunayh

Jordan, Bahrain, Tunisia, Kuwait, Algeria, Iraq دينار

d⇥n�r

Syria, Lebanon ليرهl⇥rah

Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Qatar ريال

r⇥al


Emirates, Morocco درهمdirham

Palestine شيكلö⇥kil

Comparative and Superlative Forms

Next, let's discuss comparative forms and superlative forms in Arabic. Let's consider the adjective in the dialogue رخيص (rakhiis) meaning "cheap." Many adjectives take this form, so we are mainly going to talk about it.

First, we get the stem of the adjective, which is رخص then we add an أ (A) in the beginning of it.

رخيص___ر خ ص___ رخص___ أرخص

Forming this is very simple and has no irregular forms. Let's take a look at some common adjectives.

English Arabic Stem

Arabic Comparative/Superlative Form

Romanization

Sweeter/cuter حلى أحلى ʾaḥl�

better فضل أفضل ʾafḍal

taller/longer طول أطول ʾaṭwal

shorter قصر أقصر ʾaqṣar

stronger قوى أقوى ʾaqwa�

more expensive غلى أغلى ʾa⌅l�

smarter ذكى أذكى ʾaḏk�


more كثر أكثر ʾakṯar

The good news is, in Arabic, the comparative form is also the superlative form! You understand which one is intended through the context.

Comparative:

For the comparative form, the general sentence structure looks like this:

جون أطول من محمد.

John atwal min Muhammad. "John is taller than Mohamed."

The keyword to look for to spot a comparative form is the word من min found after the comparative form. It can mean many things but when placed after a comparative form, it means "than" as in "taller than..."

Superlative:

Now let's see the superlative form's sentence structure.

آشلي أطول فتاة أعرفها.

ashly atwal fataah a'refuha. "Ashley is the tallest girl I know."

Just like English, when we find a noun after this form, it means that it's a superlative form and sets it apart from the comparative meaning. Another way to tell them apart is if this form has a defining ال (Al-) in the beginning.

ماريا هي الفتاة الأطول في الفصل.

Maria hiya al fataatu al atwal fi al fasl. "Maria is the tallest girl in class."


أيهما أرخص؟


ʾayyuhum� ʾarḫaṣ? "Which one is cheaper?"

حسنا, سآخذ إثنان كيلو منه.

ḥasanan, sʾ�ḫuḏ iʾṯn�n k⇥l⇤ minhu. "Ok, I'll take two kilos of that."

Sample Sentences

أنا أقوى منك.

ʾan� ʾaqwa� mink. "I'm stronger than you."

أنت أجمل فتاة رأيتها.

ʾanti ʾaǧmal fat�h raʾaytuh�. "You are the most beautiful girl I've ever seen."

أريد إثنان كيلو من أفضل طماطم عندك.

ʾur⇥du iʾṯn�n k⇥l⇤ min ʾafḍal ṭam�ṭim iʿndak. "I want two kilos of the best tomatoes you have."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Shopping in Souks in the Arab World

In Egypt and the Middle East in general, bargaining skills are very important. You will learn it through practice and it's also good to closely watch when locals bargain to see how they do it. Go on a Friday only if you want the full experience because the souks are busiest after Friday prayer. Other than that, go on a weekday when it's less crowded. Taking a local with you on your first trip to the souk is always a good idea, because only they are able to tell you if you are getting a good price, and how much things should be on average. You don't want sneaky street sellers to take advantage of the fact that you're not a local, do you?


Useful expression:

سوق

suuq "souk: a market that sells groceries in the street, usually cheaper than supermarkets."

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #19Talking About Your Hobbies in

Arabic

CONTENTS

2 Standard Arabic2 Vowelled Standard Arabic2 Standard Romanization3 English3 Vocabulary4 Sample Sentences5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage7 Grammar9 Cultural Insight

# 19


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #19 - TALKI NG ABOUT YOUR HOBBI ES I N ARABI C 2

STANDARD ARABIC

اخبرني عن هواياتك يا جون. ماذا تفعل في وقت فراغك؟ مها: .1

ألعب كرة السلة أحيانا في عطلة نهاية الاسبوع. جون: .2

أنا لا استطيع لعب كرة السلة لأني قصيرة جدا. مها: .3

ماذا تفعلين في أوقات فراغك إذا يا مها؟ جون: .4

همم. أنا أجيد السباحة و أحبها كثيرا. مها: .5

حقا؟ فلنذهب إلى الشاطئ معا في الصيف إذا! جون: .6


اخبرني عن هواياتك يا جون. ماذا تفعل في وقت فراغك؟ مها: .1

ألعب كرة السلة أحيانا في عطلة نهاية الاسبوع. جون: .2

أنا لا استطيع لعب كرة السلة لأني قصيرة جدا. مها: .3

ماذا تفعلين في أوقات فراغك إذا يا مها؟ جون: .4

همم. أنا أجيد السباحة و أحبها كثيرا. مها: .5

حقا؟ فلنذهب إلى الشاطئ معا في الصيف إذا! جون: .6


CONT'D OVER


1. MAHA: iḫbirn� ʿan hiwa⇥y⇥tika y⇥ ǧ⇤n. m⇥ḏ⇥ tafʿalu f� waqti far⇥⌅ik?

2. Ǧ⇧N: ʾalʿab kuraẗa al-sallah ʾaḥy⇥nan f� ʿuṭlaẗi nih⇥yaẗi al-isb⇤ʿ.

3. MAHA: ʾn⇥ l⇥ astaṭ�ʿu laʿiba kuraẗi al-sallah lʾnn� qaṣi�raẗun ǧiddan.

4. Ǧ⇧N: m⇥ḏ⇥ tafʿal�n f� ʾawq⇥ti far⇥⌅iki ʾiḏan y⇥ mah⇥?

5. MAHA: hmm. ʾan⇥ ʾuǧ�du al-sib⇥ḥah wa ʾuḥibbuh⇥ kaṯ�ran.

6. Ǧ⇧N: ḥaqqan? falnaḏhab ʾil⇥ al-ö⇥ṭiʾi maʿan f� al-ṣayfi ʾiḏan!

ENGLISH

1. MAHA: You never told me about your hobbies before, John. What do you do in your spare time?

2. JOHN: I sometimes play basketball on the weekends.

3. MAHA: I can't play basketball because I'm very short.

4. JOHN: What do you do in your spare time then, Maha?

5. MAHA: Hmm. I'm good at swimming and I like it a lot.

6. JOHN: Really? Let's go to the beach together in summer then!

VOCABULARY



هواية (Standard) hw⇥yah hobby noun feminine

فراغ (Standard) far⇥⌅ spare (time) noun masculine

كرة السلة (Standard) kurat ʾs-sallh basketball noun feminine

قصير (Standard) qaṣ�r short adjective

استطيع (Standard) astaṭ�ʿ I can conjugated verb

أجيد (Standard) ʾuǧ�d I'm good at... conjugated verb

السباحة (Standard) al-sib⇥ḥah swimming noun feminine

الشاطئ (Standard) al-ö⇥ṭiʾ beach noun masculine

معا (Standard) maʿan together adverb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

هوايتي الرقص اللاتيني.hiwa⇥yat� al-raqṣ al-l⇥t�n�. My hobby is Latin dance.

ليس عندي أي وقت فراغ!laysa ʿind� ʾayyu waqti far⇥⌅! I don't have any spare time!

كرة السلة رياضة ممتعة.kuraẗu al-sallah riy⇥ḍah mumtiʿah. Basketball is a fun sport.

الأجازة كانت قصيرة جدا.al-ʾaǧ⇥zah k⇥nat qaṣ�rah ǧiddan. The vacation was very short.


استطيع أن أقف على يد واحدة!astaṭ�ʿu ʾan ʾaqifa ʿal⇥ yadin w⇥ḥidah! I can stand on one hand!

أجيد كرة القدم.ʾuǧ�du kurah al-qadam. I'm good at soccer.

أمارس السباحة كل جمعة.ʾum⇥ris al-sib⇥ḥah kulla ǧumʿah. I go swimming every Friday.

الشاطئ مزدحم جدا.al-ö⇥ṭʾ muzdaḥim ǧiddan. The beach is very crowded.

نحن معا دائما.naḥnu maʿan d⇥ʾiman. We are always together.


اخبرني عن

اخبرني عن

iḫbirn� ʿan "Tell me about.."

This is a very general way to ask someone about something.

It is usually used to ask about personal info or past experiences. It literally means "Tell me about..." Put whatever you want to ask about, usually a noun, after this expression and you will get a complete sentence.

For example:

إخبرني عن نفسك.

إخبرني عن نفسك.

iʾḫbirn� ʿan nafsik. "Tell me about yourself."


ماذا تفعل

ماذا تفعل

m⇥ḏ⇥ tafʿal "What do you do(?)"

This question is used to ask about habits and things someone does regularly.

Like for example what someone does on the weekend/spring break/when they wake up, etc. This expression cannot be used like the English "What do you do?" to ask about someone's occupation, though.

For example:

ماذا تفعل في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع؟

ماذا تفعل في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع؟

m⇥ḏ⇥ tafʿal f� ʿuṭlaẗi nih⇥yaẗi al-ʾusb⇤ʿ? "What do you (usually) do in the weekend?"

فلنذهب إلى..

فلنذهب إلى..

falnaḏhab ʾil⇥.. "Let's go to"

This is a nice way to suggest an outing or an activity to someone.

It doesn't imply that you are interested in the person you're talking to in any way so use it whenever and don't be afraid!

For example:

فلنذهب إلى السينما يوم السبت.

فلنذهب إلى السينما يوم السبت.

falnaḏhab iʾl⇥ al-s�nim⇥ yawm al-sabt.


"Let's go to the cinema on Saturday."

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is Talking About What You're Good At and What You Can't Do

أنا لا استطيع لعب كرة السلة لأني قصيرة جدا.

ʾn⇥ l⇥ astaṭ�ʿu laʿiba kuraẗi al-sallah lʾnn� qaṣi�raẗun ǧiddan. "I can't play basketball because I'm very short."

Being able to talk about your hobbies, what you're good at, and what you want to learn or get better at can be useful when you're talking to someone. In this lesson, we will learn how to say that we can or can't do something. Let's see the expressions and vocabulary we're going to be using.

Saying You Can Do Something/Are Good at Something

The first expression is "I can_____" Let's see an example for this:

أستطيع طهي أكل مصري.

astatii' tahy akl misry. "I can cook Egyptian food."

There are two combinations for this expression:

The first is the one above: أستطيع (astatii') + noun form of a verb. أستطيع + طهي

The second combination is أستطيع (astatii') meaning "can" + أن (an) meaning "to" + conjugated verb

The conjugated verb symbolizes the present tense form. Its first, second and third person classification depends on the subject of the sentence, meaning that astatii' will follow the same conjugation as that verb.

For example, let's consider "can" with verb "to do"


For the masculine second person: تستطيع أن تفعل (tastatii' an taf'al), "You can do"

For the masculine third person: يستطيع أن يفعل (yastatii' an yaf'al), "He can do" and so on.

The alternative expression is "being good at something." Here, we will use the verb أجيد (ugiid).

أجيد (ugiid) meaning "be good at" can only be followed by a noun, or the noun form of a verb. For example:

أنا أجيد كرة القدم.

ana ugiidu kurat al qadam. "I'm good at soccer."

Negation

The easiest way to say that you can't do something or that you're bad at something is to negate what we learned above.

Now let's discuss briefly how to negate verbs in the present tense. This is probably one of the easiest grammar forms in the Arabic language!

Let's consider the verb أستطيع (astatii') we worked with it above. If you add the two-letter word لا (La) before the verb in the present tense form, you're done!

أنا لاأستطيع أن أذهب هناك بمفردي.

ana la astatiiú an athhaba hunak bimufradii. "I can't go there alone."

It's as simple as this. The same applies for second, third person, masculine or feminine, singular, or plural.

Now let's consider the verb أجيد (ugiid). If you want to say that you're not good at something, you just have to add the two-letter word لا (La) before it:

أنا لا أجيد السباحة.

ana la ugiidu al sibaahah.


"I'm not good at swimming."

Now let's see a list of common sports and hobbies.


"soccer" كرة القدم kuraẗu al-qadam

"basketball" كرة السلة kuraẗu al-sallah

"handball" كرة اليد kuraẗu al-yad

"tennis" كرة المضرب kuraẗu al-maḍrib

"swimming" السباحة al-sib⇥ḥah

"cooking" الطهي al-ṭah�


همم. أنا أجيد السباحة و أحبها كثيرا.

hmm. ʾan⇥ ʾuǧ�du al-sib⇥ḥah wa ʾuḥibbuh⇥ kaṯ�ran. "Hmm. I'm good at swimming and I like it a lot."

Sample Sentences

جون يجيد اللغة العربية.

ǧ⇤n yuǧ�d al-llu⌅aẗa al-ʿarabiyyah. "John is good at Arabic."

أنا لا أستطيع قراءة اللغة اليابانية.

ʾan⇥ l⇥ ʾastaṭ�ʿu qir⇥ʾaẗi al-llu⌅aẗi al-ya⇥b⇥niyyah. "I can't read Japanese."

CULTURAL INSIGHT


Hobbies in the Arab World

Competitive sports are very popular in the Middle East. Championships and tournaments are held monthly and are very popular. The are many Olympic champions from the Middle East like Karram Gaber (Egypt, boxing), and Habiba Ghribi (Tunisia, running) and many others. Unlike countries that have sports clubs and activities in universities and schools, Egyptians usually go to sports clubs because that's where everybody does sports in Egypt and the Middle East in general.

Useful expression:

النادي

Al-n⇥dii "Sports club"

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #20Does This Middle Eastern Dish

Need Salt?

CONTENTS


11 Cultural Insight

# 20


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #20 - DOES THI S MI DDLE EAS TERN DI S H NEED S ALT? 2

STANDARD ARABIC

من صنع هذا الطعام؟ أحمد: .1

لماذا تسأل يا أحمد؟ جون: .2

همم.. ألا تظن أنه بحاجة لبعض الملح؟ أحمد: .3

حقا؟ بالمناسبة, أنا من صنع هذا الطعام. جون: .4

آه حقا؟ أنا آسف. إن الطعام لذيذ جدا. أحمد: .5

هاها لا تعتذر, سوف أحضر بعض الملح من المطبخ. دقيقة. جون: .6

شكرا يا جون! أحمد: .7

عفوا! جون: .8


من صنع هذا الطعام؟ أحمد: .1

لماذا تسأل يا أحمد؟ جون: .2

همم.. ألا تظن أنه بحاجة لبعض الملح؟ أحمد: .3

حقا؟ بالمناسبة, أنا من صنع هذا الأكل. جون: .4

آه حقا؟ أنا آسف. إن الطعام لذيذ جدا. أحمد: .5

CONT'D OVER


هاها لا تعتذر, سوف أحضر بعض الملح من المطبخ. دقيقة. جون: .6

شكرا يا جون! أحمد: .7

عفوا! جون: .8


1. ʾAḤMAD: man ṣanaʿa haḏ� al-ṭaʿ�m?

2. Ǧ⇥N: lim�ḏ� tasʾal y� ʾaḥmad?

3. ʾAḤMAD: hmm.. ʾal� taẓunnu ʾannahu biḥ�ǧah libaʿḍi al-malḥ?

4. Ǧ⇥N: ḥaqqan? bilmun�sabah, ʾan� man ṣanaʿ haḏ� al-ʾakl.

5. ʾAḤMAD: ʾ�h ḥaqqan? ʾan� ʾ�sif. ʾiinna al-ṭaʿ�ma laḏ ⇤ḏun ǧiddan.

6. Ǧ⇥N: h�h� l� taʿtaḏ ir, sawfa ʾuḥḍiru baʿḍa al-malḥ min al-maṭbaḫ. daqi⇤qah.

7. ʾAḤMAD: öukran y� ǧ⌅n!

8. Ǧ⇥N: ʿafwaan!

ENGLISH

1. AHMED: Who made this food?

CONT'D OVER


2. JOHN: Why do you ask, Ahmed?

3. AHMED: Hmm... Don't you think it needs some salt?

4. JOHN: Really? By the way, I'm the one that made this food.

5. AHMED: Oh really? I'm sorry. The food is very delicious.

6. JOHN: (Laughs) Don't apologize. I'll get some salt from the kitchen. One minute.

7. AHMED: Thank you, John!

8. JOHN: You're welcome!

VOCABULARY


من (Standard) man who question word

تسأل (Standard) tasʾal you ask conjugated verb

حقا (Standard) ḥaqqan really phrase

صنع (Standard) ṣanaʿ He made conjugated verb

لذيذ (Standard) laḏ ⇤ḏ delicious adjective


آسف (Standard) ʾ�sif sorry interjection

تعتذر (Standard) taʿtaḏ ir You apologize conjugated verb

المطبخ (Standard) al-maṭbaḫ the kitchen noun masculine

طعام (Standard) ṭaʿ�m food noun masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

من أنت؟man ʾant? Who are you?

لا تسألني بل اسأل نفسك.l� tasʾaln⇤ bal isʾal nafsak. Don't ask me but ask yourself.

أنت حقا شجاع.ʾanta ḥaqqan öuǧ�ʿ. You really are brave.

كيف صنع محمد هذه الكعكة؟kayfa ṣanaʿa muḥammad hhḏihi al-kaʿkah? How did Mohamed make this cake?

الدجاج لذيذ جدا.al-daǧ�ǧu laḏ⇤ḏ ǧiddan. The chicken is very delicious.

آسف على الإزعاج.ʾ�sif ʿal� al-ʾizʿ�ǧ. Sorry for the disturbance.

لا تعتذر على ما لم تفعل.l� taʿtaḏir ʿal� m� lam tafʿal. Don't apologize for what you didn't do.

أين المطبخ؟ʾayna al-maṭbaḫ? Where is the kitchen?

هذا طعام شهيhaḏ� ṭaʿ�m öah⇤ This is delicious food.



ألا تظن أن

ألا تظن أن

ʾal� taẓunn ʾan "Don't you think.."

This is a gentle way to tell someone your opinion of something by indirectly asking for their agreement.

ألا means "don't..." and تظن means "you think," and أن means "that." It is followed by a full sentence.

For example:

ألا تظن أن كلامك جارح؟

ألا تظن أن كلامك جارح؟

lʾ� taẓunnu ʾanna kal�maka ǧ�riḥ? "Don't you think that your words are hurtful?"

بالمناسبة

بالمناسبة

bil-mun�sabah "By the way"

This expression literally means "on the occasion" implying that the next topic is a result of the previous topic or related to it. This expression can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

For example:

بالمناسبة, هل عثرت على قلمك الضائع؟

بالمناسبة, هل عثرت على قلمك الضائع؟

bial-mun�sabah, hal ʿaṯarta ʿal� qalamika al-ḍ� iʾʿ?


"By the way, did you find your lost pen?"

أنا أسف

أنا آسف

ʾan� ʾ�sif "I'm sorry."

The most common way to say "I'm sorry" in all dialects of Arabic including Standard Arabic.

انا means "I" and أسف means "sorry." If you are a female, you have to add the feminine marker ة to the end of أسف so it should become أنا آسفة (Ana aasifah).

For example:

أنا آسفة على الإزعاج.

أنا آسفة على الإزعاج.

ʾan� ʾ�sifah ʿal� al- iʾzʿ�ǧ. "I'm sorry for disturbing."

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is Complaining about Something Informally yet Politely by Using "Don't you think..?"

همم.. ألا تظن أنه بحاجة لبعض الملح؟

hmm.. ʾal� taẓunnu ʾannahu biḥ�ǧah libaʿḍi al-malḥ? "Hmm.. Don't you think it needs some salt?"

One of the indirect ways to tell someone an opinion, is the negative question form. Let's take a look at some common combinations of verbs combined with negative question forms that can be used for saying opinions.


Negative Questions

ألا تظن أن

"Don't you think that..."

The first combination is the one in the dialogue, using the verb "to think." Let's consider it.

ألا تظن أنه بحاجة لبعض الملح؟

ʾal� taẓunnu ʾannahu biḥ�ǧah libaʿḍi al-malḥ? "Don't you think it needs some salt?"

The general rule is that this expression is followed by a full sentence. Let's see some more examples:

ألا تظنين أن هذه التنورة قصيرة جدا؟

lʾ� taẓunn⇥n ʾanna haḏehe el-tann⇤rah qaṣ⇥rah ǧeddan? "Don't you think this skirt is too short?"

Let's see some other expressions:

ألا تشعر أن

ʾl� taöʿur ʾanna "Don't you feel that..."

We can also use the verb "to feel" instead of "to think" to talk about feelings and senses.

For example:

ألا تشعر أن الجو حار؟

lʾ� taöʿur ʾanna el-ǧaw ḥ�r? "Don't you feel that it's hot?"

ألا ترى أن..

ʾal� tar� ʾanna


"Don't you see that.."

This one uses the verb "to see" and despite the original meaning of the verb, it's used just like the first combination ألا تظن أن ("Don't you think that..."). They are almost interchangeable.

ألا ترى أن الوقت تأخر؟

ʾal� tar� ʾanna el-waqta taʾaḫḫar? "Don't you see (think) that it's late?"

Forming Questions

When stating your opinion, you will probably also need to ask questions first. Let's see how to do this.

To form questions, we first need to know the 4 Ws and 1 H of Arabic:


"What" ماذا \ ما* m�ḏ� \ m�

"Who" من man

"When" متى mat�

"Where" أين ʾayn

"How" كيف kayf

Yes/No questions marker هل** hall

*m�ḏ� is used to ask questions that start with a verb, while m� is used with sentences that start with a noun.

**Yes/No questions also use a specific question particle (هل, hall) in Arabic which is a bit different from English.


Now on to forming questions using these words. The question form in Arabic is comparatively easy, because it doesn't involve any change in sentence order, meaning the the same affirmative sentence order, added to any of these words above, will automatically give you a question form.

Let's take a look at some example sentences.

ماذا تفعل؟

m�ḏ� tafʿal? "What are you doing?"

من هذا الرجل؟

man hḏ� el-raǧul? "Who is that man?"

متى ستغادر؟

mat� satu⌅�der? "When are you leaving?"

أين أحمد؟

⇥ʾn ʾḥmd? "Where is Ahmed?"

كيف تأكل هذا؟

k⇥f taʾkul haḏ�? "How do you eat this?"

هل تحدثت مع آدم؟

hal taḥaddaṯta ma ʿʾ�dam? "Did you talk to Adam?"

So we just put a question marker, followed by the sentence you want to ask about just the way it is in the affirmative form.



لماذا تسأل يا أحمد؟

lim�ḏ� tasʾal y� ʾaḥmad? "Why do you ask, Ahmed?"

همم.. ألا تظن أنه بحاجة لبعض الملح؟

hmm.. ʾal� taẓunnu ʾannahu biḥ�ǧah libaʿḍi al-malḥ? "Hmm.. Don't you think it needs some salt?"

Sample Sentences

ما الأمر؟

m� el-ʾamr? "What is it?"

هل رأيت مها اليوم؟

hal raʾayta mah� el-yawm? "Did you see Maha today?"

CULTURAL INSIGHT

How Much Salt and Sugar Do People in the Arab World Consume?

In general, Middle Easterners like to put lots of salt in their food, and lots of sugar in their sweets and drinks. A cup of tea with five teaspoons of sugar is completely normal! But because of that, many people develop diabetes and high blood pressure, though that doesn't stop them from using these ingredients in excess. Voicing your opinion about food presented to you is okay if you are at a restaurant or if whoever made the food is a close friend. However, complaining about the food to people who aren't close or old people is not a good idea.

Useful expression:


ملح, فلفل, سكر

malḥ, felfel, sukkar "salt, pepper, sugar"

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #21Talking About Possession in Arabic

CONTENTS


10 Cultural Insight

# 21


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #21 - TALKI NG ABOUT POS S ES S I ON I N ARABI C 2

STANDARD ARABIC

أحمد, لمن هذا القلم؟ هل هو قلمك؟ جون: .1

لا, قلمي معي. أظن أنه قلم مها. أحمد: .2

مها, أهذا قلمك؟ جون: .3

أسألت هؤلاء الطلاب هناك؟ أظن أنه قلمهم. مها: .4

يا شباب, أهذا القلم قلمكم؟ جون: .5

نعم! هو قلمنا. شكرا جزيلا! آشلي: .6

لا شكر على واجب. جون: .7


أحمد, لمن هذا القلم؟ هل هو قلمك؟ جون: .1

لا, قلمي معي. أظن أنه قلم مها. أحمد: .2

مها, أهذا قلمك؟ جون: .3

أسألت هؤلاء الطلاب هناك؟ أظن أنه قلمهم. مها: .4

يا شباب, أهذا القلم قلمكم؟ جون: .5

نعم! هو قلمنا. شكرا جزيلا! آشلي: .6

CONT'D OVER


لا شكر على واجب. جون: .7


1. Ǧ�N: ʾaḥmad, leman haḏ⇥ el-qalam? hal huwa qalamuk?

2. ʾAḤMAD: l⇥, qalam⇤ maʿ⇤. ʾaẓunnu ʾannahu qalamu mah⇥.

3. Ǧ�N: mah⇥, ʾahaḏ⇥ qalamuke?

4. MAH⌅: ʾasaʾalta haʾuul⇥ʾe el-ṭull⇥ba hun⇥k? ʾaẓunnu ʾannahu qalamuhum.

5. Ǧ�N: y⇥ öab⇥b, ʾahaḏ⇥ el-qalamu qalamukum?

6. ʾ⌅äL⇧: naʿam! hu⌃ qalamun⇥. öukran ǧaz⇤lan!

7. Ǧ�N: l⇥ öukr ʿal⇥ w⇥ǧeb.

ENGLISH

1. JOHN: Ahmed, whose pen is this? Is it yours?

2. AHMED: No, my pen is with me. I think it's Maha's pen.

3. JOHN: Maha, is this your pen?

4. MAHA: Did you ask the students over there? I think it's their pen.

5. JOHN: Hi guys, is this your pen?

CONT'D OVER


6. ASHLEY: Yes! It's our pen, thank you very much!

7. JOHN: No problem.

VOCABULARY


لمن (Standard) liman whose question word

قلم (Standard) qalam pen noun masculine

طالب (Standard) ṭ⇥lib student noun masculine

شكر (Standard) öukr thanking noun masculine

شباب (Standard) öab⇥b

youth, group of young people noun

واجب (Standard) waajib duty, obligation expression masculine

هو (Standard) huwa it pronoun

هؤلاء (Standard) haʾul⇥ʾi these/those determiner

SAMPLE SENTENCES


لمن هذه السيارة؟liman haḏihi al-sayy⇥rah? Whose car is this?

لمن هذا؟liman h⇥ḏa? Whose is this?

أريد قلم أزرق.ʾur⇤du qalam ʾazraq. I want a blue pen.

أنا طالب في كلية الترجمة.ʾan⇥ ṭal-ib f⇤ kulliyyah al-tarǧamah. I'm a student in the college of translation.

الشكر الله.al-öukr lillah. Thanks are to God.

أنتم شباب المستقبل.ʾantum öab⇥bu al-mustaqbal. You are the youth of the future.

زيارة المريض واجب.ziya⇥raẗu al-mar⇤ḍ wa⇥ǧib. Visiting the ill is an obligation.

محمد هو أول مصري أقابله في حياتي.muḥammad huwa ʾawwalu miṣr⇤ ʾuq⇥biluh f⇤ ḥaya⇥t⇤. Mohamed is the first Egyptian I have met in my life.

من هؤلاء؟man haʾuul⇥ʾ? Who are those?


شكرا جزيلا

شكرا جزيلا

öukran ǧaz�lan "Thank you very much."

This is a step-up from the usual shukran. You use it to express deep gratitude especially when you're talking a bit formally.


This expression stays the same no matter who you are and who you're talking to. The first word shukran means "thanks," and the second word jaziilan means "strong" and "great."

For example:

شكرا جزيلا على المساعدة.

شكرا جزيلا على المساعدة.

öukran ǧaz�lan ʿal⇥ al-mus⇥ʿadah. "Thank you very much for your help."

أهذا

أهذا

ʾahaḏ⇥ "Is this...?"

This is the shortest way to ask the question "Is this..?"

The أ in the beginning of hada is actually a shortened question marker for Yes/No questions. Follow this with the object you want to ask about.

If the object in question is a feminine noun, it changes to أهذه (ahadihi).

For example:

أهذا هاتفك؟

أهذا هاتفك؟

ʾahaḏ⇥ h⇥tifuk? "Is this your phone?"

لا شكر على واجب

لا شكر على واجب

l⇥ öukr ʿal⇥ w⇥ǧib "No problem."


This is the answer to shukran jaziilan.

La means "no," shukr means "thanks," 'ala means "on," and waagib means "duty." The overall meaning is "You shouldn't thank me for doing my duty."

The other shorter more casual way to say "You're welcome" is عفوا ('afwan).

For example:

لا شكر على واجب يا صديقي.

لا شكر على واجب يا صديقي.

l⇥ öukr ʿal⇥ w⇥ǧib y⇥ ṣad�q�. "No problem, friend."

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is Figuring Out Who Something Belongs To

أحمد, لمن هذا القلم؟ هل هو قلمك؟

ʾaḥmad, leman haḏ⇥ el-qalam? hal huwa qalamuk? "Ahmed, whose pen is this? Is it yours?"

The question word liman is basically the combination of the two words li and man, with li meaning "for," and man meaning "who." So in one word it means "whose."

You basically put the object in question right after this expression. Let's see an example:

لمن هذا الكتاب؟

liman haḏ⇥ al-kit⇥b? "Whose book is this?"

The question is simple, but the answer requires us to learn Arabic possessive pronouns.

Possessive Pronouns as Suffixes


The unique thing about possessive pronouns in Arabic is that it's attached as a suffix to the possessed noun. That's why you need to be familiar with all their forms so that you don't confuse them for original letters in the noun. Let's take a look at all possessive pronoun forms in Arabic, using the word كتاب (kitaab) meaning "book."


"My book" كتابي kit⇥b�

"Your book" كتابك kit⇥buka

"Your book" (female) كتابك kit⇥buki

"His book" كتابه kit⇥buh

"Her book" كتابها kit⇥buh⇥

"Their book" كتابهم kit⇥buhum

"Maha's book" كتاب مها kit⇥bu mah⇥

The word kitab itself doesn't change, but note how the suffix is different for every pronoun.

What we can understand from this table is that in Arabic, the possessive pronoun always comes AFTER the possessed noun, whether it is a suffix or a person's name.

Does this rule have some irregularities? Yes. The last letter of a noun changes if it was a feminine object. Let's consider the noun حقيبة (haqiibah) meaning "bag."


"My bag" حقيبتي ḥaq�bat�

"Your bag" حقيبتك ḥaq�batuka

"Your bag" (female) حقيبتك ḥaq�batuk�

"His bag" حقيبته ḥaq�batuh

"Her bag" حقيبتها ḥaq�batuh⇥


"Their bag" حقيبتهم ḥaq�batuhum

"Maha's bag" حقيبة مها ḥaq�baẗu mah⇥

The rule of thumb is that you will replace the h sound at the end of the feminine word to a t sound, then add the possessive pronoun suffix.

Let's put these in some example sentences:

أين حقيبتي؟

ʾayna ḥaq�bat�? "Where is my bag?"

Here, حقيبة (haqiibah) meaning "bag" is a feminine noun, that's why there's a T sound before the ii sound.

هذا بيتي.

haḏ⇥ bayt�. "This is my house."

The word بيت (bayt) meaning "house" is a masculine so you just add an ii in the end.

مها صديقتي.

mah⇥ ṣad�qat�. "Maha is my friend."

The word صديقة (sadiiqah) meaning "female friend" is a feminine noun, that's why we added the T sound before the ii.


لا, قلمي معي. أظن أنه قلم مها.

l⇥, qalam� ma �ʿ. ʾaẓunnu ʾannahu qalamu mah⇥. "No, my pen is with me. I think it's Maha's pen."


يا شباب, أهذا القلم قلمكم؟

y⇥ öab⇥b, ʾahaḏ⇥ el-qalamu qalamukum? "Hi guys, is this your pen?"

Sample Sentences

هذا خطيبي مراد.

haḏ⇥ ḫaṭ�b� mur⇥d. "This is my fiancee, Morad."

لمن هذه السيارة؟

liman haḏih al-s�⇥rh? "Whose car is this?"

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Expressing Your Gratitude in Arabic

Expressing gratitude is important in all cultures, including the Middle Eastern ones. Ways to say thank you differ according to the amount of gratitude as well as the dialect of Arabic. But the safest word that works in all dialects and all Arab countries is شكرا (shukran), so if you ever feel stuck and not sure which to use, shukran is your safest bet!

Useful expression:

شكرا, عفوا

öukran, ʿafwan "Thank you," "You're welcome"

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #22Keeping Fit in the Arab World

CONTENTS


10 Cultural Insight

# 22


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #22 - KEEPI NG FI T I N THE ARAB WORLD 2

STANDARD ARABIC

كنت أمارس الرياضة دائما عندما كنت في أمريكا. جون: .1

ماذا عن الآن؟ مها: .2

أذهب إلى النادي أحيانا. أنا مشغول جدا هذه الأيام. جون: .3

أنا أريد أن أمارس الرياضة باستمرار أيضا ولكن.. مها: .4

ولكن ماذا؟ جون: .5

الواقع أنني لا أذهب إلا نادرا لأني كسولة جدا. مها: .6


كنت أمارس الرياضة دائما عندما كنت في أمريكا. جون: .1

ماذا عن الآن؟ مها: .2

أذهب إلى النادي أحيانا. أنا مشغول جدا هذه الأيام. جون: .3

أنا أريد أن أمارس الرياضة باستمرار أيضا ولكن.. مها: .4

ولكن ماذا؟ جون: .5

الواقع أنني لا أذهب إلا نادرا لأني كسولة جدا. مها: .6


CONT'D OVER


1. Ǧ�N: kuntu ʾum⇥risu al-riy⇥ḍah d⇥ʾiman ʿindam⇥ kuntu f⇤ ʾamr⇤k⇥.

2. MAH⌅: m⇥ḏ⇥ ʿan al-ʾ⇥n?

3. Ǧ�N: ʾaḏhabu ʾil⇥ al-n⇥d⇤ ʾaḥy⇥nan. ʾan⇥ maö⇧⌃l ǧiddan haḏ ihi al-ʾayy⇥m.

4. MAH⌅: ʾan⇥ ʾur⇤d ʾan ʾum⇥risu al-riy⇥ḍah bi⇥stimr⇥r ʾayḍan walakin..

5. Ǧ�N: walakin m⇥ḏ⇥?

6. MAH⌅: al-w⇥qiʿ ʾannan⇤ l⇥ ʾaḏhabu ʾill⇥ n⇥diran liʾanni⇤ kas⌃lah ǧiddan.

ENGLISH

1. JOHN: I used to work out all the time when I was in America.

2. MAHA: What about now?

3. JOHN: I go to the sports club sometimes. I'm very busy these days.

4. MAHA: I want to work out frequently too but...

5. JOHN: But what?

6. MAHA: Actually I rarely go, because I'm very lazy.

VOCABULARY



كنت (Standard) kuntu I used to conjugated verb

الرياضة (Standard) al-riy⇥ḍah sports noun feminine

عندما (Standard) ʿindam⇥ when conjunction

الآن (Standard) al-ʾ⇥n now adverb

النادي (Standard) al-n⇥d⇤ the sports club noun masculine

مشغول (Standard) maö⇧⌃l busy adjective

أيضا (Standard) ʾayḍaan as well, neither adverb

الواقع (Standard) al-w⇥qiʿ reality noun masculine

كسول (Standard) kas⌃l lazy adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES

كنت أزور جدتي كل أسبوع.kuntu ʾaz⌃ru ǧaddat⇤ kulla ʾusb⌃ʿ. I used to visit my grandmother every week.

الرياضة مهمة جدا.al-riy⇥ḍah muhimmah ǧiddan. Sports are very important.


عندما كنت صغيرا, كنت أحب ليجو كثيرا.ʿindam⇥ kuntu ṣa⇧⇤ran, kuntu ʾuḥibbu l⇤ǧ⌃ kaṯ⇤ran. When I was young, I used to love Lego a lot.

أين أنت الآن؟ʾayna ʾanta al-ʾ⇥n? Where are you now?

النادي قريب من بيتي.al-n⇥d⇤ qar⇤b min bayt⇤. The club is close to my house.

أنا مشغول جدا هذه الأيام.ʾan⇥ maö⇧⌃l ǧiddan haḏihi al-ʾayy⇥m. I'm very busy these days.

أنا أيضا لا أذهب إلى النادي.ʾan⇥ ʾayḍan l⇥ ʾaḏhabu ʾil⇥ al-n⇥d⇤. I don't go to the club either.

الواقع أنني لست بخير.al-w⇥qiʿ ʾannan⇤ lastu biḫayr. In reality, I'm not okay.

محمد لا يذهب إلى النادي لأنه كسول.muḥammad l⇥ yaḏhabu ʾil⇥ al-n⇥d⇤ liʾannahu kas⌃l. Mohamed doesn't go to the sports club because he's lazy.


عندما

عندما

ʿindam� "when"

This word meaning "when" is very important, not only in talking about past habits, but also in talking about future actions and hypothetical actions.

Which means that it can be followed by a past, present, or future tense verb.

For example:

سأتصل بك عندما أصل إلى الفندق.


سأتصل بك عندما أصل إلى الفندق.

saʾattaṣil bika iʿndam� ʾaṣilu iʾl� al-funduq. "I'll call you when I get to the hotel."

هذه الأيام

هذه الأيام

haḏihi al-ʾya�m "these days"

This expression can be generally used to mean "lately."

Hadihi' means "these," and al'ayyam means "the days." Think of it as an idiom meaning "lately."

For example:

أنا مكتئب حقا هذه الأيام.

أنا مكتئب حقا هذه الأيام.

ʾan� mukta iʾbun ḥaqqan haḏihi al-ʾayy�m. "I'm really depressed these days."

لأني

لأني

liʾann⇥ "because I..."

This expression is very compact, as it consists of three parts, ل meaning "because," أن meaning "that," and ي meaning "I" or "me." It's used to explain reasons. It is usually followed by a verb or an adjective.

For example:

سأخرج لأني أشعر بالملل.


سأخرج لأني أشعر بالملل.

saʾaḫruǧu liʾann⇥ ʾaöʿuru bilmalal. "I'll go out because I'm feeling bored."

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is How to Talk About Being in Shape and the Frequency of Doing a Certain Act

كنت أمارس الرياضة دائما عندما كنت في أمريكا.

kuntu ʾum�risu al-riy�ḍah d�ʾiman ʿindam� kuntu f⇥ ʾamr⇥k�. "I used to work out all the time when I was in America."

In Arabic, the way to tell the normal present tense from the present continuous tense is by looking at the adverb of frequency used in the sentence. This means that the present tense and the present continuous tense are exactly the same in Arabic. Let's take a look at the most common adverbs of frequency in Arabic.


"always" دائما d� iʾman

"often" غالبا ⇤aliban

"usually" عادة ʿ�daẗan

"regularly" باستمرار bistimr�r

"sometimes" أحيانا ʾaḥy�nan

"rarely" نادرا n�diran

Note: The words in blue usually take a ما after them, then the verb.

Let's try to make some example sentences using some of these:

عادة ما استحم قبل أن أنام.


ʿ�daẗan m� astaḥim qabla ʾan ʾan�m. "I usually take a shower before I sleep."

نادرا ما أتحدث مع جدي.

n�diran m� ʾataḥaddaṯ ma ʿǧadd⇥. "I rarely talk to my grandfather."

أذهب إلى الكنيسة باستمرار.

ʾaḏhab iʾl� al-kan⇥sah bistimr�r. "I go to church regularly."

أحيانا أتساءل إذا كنت سعيدا.

ʾaḥy�nan ʾats�ʾalu iʾḏ� kuntu sa ⇥ʿdan. "I sometimes wonder if I'm happy."

Now if the sentence didn't have any of those frequency adverbs, most likely the verb will automatically become a present continuous verb. For example:

أنا أستحم.

ʾan� ʾastaḥim. "I'm taking a shower."

Past Continuous

In the dialogue we had كنت أمارس الرياضة (kuntu umarisu al riyaadah) meaning "I used to play sports."

This is a very interesting form, because in meaning, it implies the past continuous or a past habit ("I used to..."), but in form, it's "was" (kuntu) + present tense. In a way it's close to the English "I used to" + verb, but the difference is that in Arabic, this present tense as well as the "was" are actually conjugated according to the subject.

Let's try to understand this form through some examples:

كنت أتحدث مع مها البارحة.


kuntu ʾataḥaddaṯu ma ʿmah� al-b�riḥah. "I was talking to Maha yesterday."

Here we have kuntu, meaning "I was" or "I used to," depending on the context. In this sentence, we have "yesterday" so that implies that it is in the past continuous form. Let's see an example of the other meaning.

كنت أدخن قبل أن أتزوج.

kuntu ʾudaḫḫin qabla ʾan ʾatazawwaǧ. "I used to smoke before I got married."

Here we can understand from the second part of the sentence "before I got married" that it is a habit of the past.

Now let's see all the conjugation forms of kuntu:


"I was/used to" كنت kuntu

"You were/used to" كنت kunta

"You were/used to" (feminine) كنت kunti

"He was/used to" كان k�na

"She was/used to" كانت k�nat

"They were/used to" كانوا* k�n⌅

"They (both) were/used to" كانا k�n�

*The ا in the end is a silent letter.


أذهب إلى النادي أحيانا. أنا مشغول جدا هذه الأيام.


ʾaḏhabu iʾl� al-n�d⇥ ʾaḥy�nan. ʾan� maö⇤⌅l ǧiddan haḏihi al-ʾayy�m. "I go to the sports club sometimes. I'm very busy these days."

أنا أريد أن أمارس الرياضة باستمرار أيضا ولكن...

ʾan� ʾur⇥d ʾan ʾum�risu al-riy�ḍah bi�stimr�r ʾayḍan walakin... "I want to work out frequently too but...."

Sample Sentences

كنت أذهب إلى النادي دائما.

kuntu ʾaḏhabu iʾl� al-n�d⇥ d� iʾman. "I used to go to the sports club always."

كان يأكل في هذا المطعم منذ ساعة.

k�n yaʾkulu f⇥ haḏ� al-maṭʿam munḏu s�ʿah. "He was eating at this restaurant an hour ago."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Physical Education in the Middle East

Unlike many countries that rely on schools for P.E., most public schools don't give much attention to activities other than studying and classes. That's why children and people in general have to resort to sports club for sports. Many sports clubs don't need memberships, but it's always cheaper in the long run to have a membership in a sports club and it gives you many privileges. If you are in the Arab world short-term, it's better to get a gym membership instead of a sports club one because they are more private and can be found on almost every street in the Arab world.

Useful expression:

جيم


jem "Gym"

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #23What Would You Do With One

Million Egyptian Pounds?

CONTENTS


11 Cultural Insight

# 23


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #23 - WHAT WOULD YOU DO WI TH ONE MI LLI ON EGYPTI AN POUNDS ? 2

STANDARD ARABIC

ماذا ستفعلين إذا ربحتي مليون جنيه؟ مها: .1

سأشتري بيتا حتى أعيش هنا للأبد! آشلي: .2

أنا سوف أشتري سيارة فخمة لأبهر الفتيات! أحمد: .3

ماذا عنك يا مها؟ آشلي: .4

أظن أنني سأترك عملي ثم أقوم برحلة حول العالم! مها: .5


ماذا ستفعلين إذا ربحتي مليون جنيه؟ مها: .1

سأشتري بيتا حتى أعيش هنا للأبد! آشلي: .2

أنا سوف أشتري سيارة فخمة لأبهر الفتيات! أحمد: .3

ماذا عنك يا مها؟ آشلي: .4

أظن أنني سأترك عملي ثم أقوم برحلة حول العالم! مها: .5


1. MAH�: m⇥ḏ⇥ satafʿal⇤n ʾiḏ⇥ rabiḥt⇤ mily⌅n ǧunayh?

CONT'D OVER


2. ʾ�äL⇧: saʾaötar⇤ baytan ḥatt⇥ ʾaʿ⇤öu hun⇥ lilʾabad!

3. ʾAḤMAD: ʾan⇥ sawfa ʾaötar⇤ sayy⇥rah faḫmah liʾubhir al-fataya⇥t!

4. ʾ�äL⇧: m⇥ḏ⇥ ʿanki y⇥ mah⇥?

5. MAH�: ʾaẓunnu ʾannan⇤ saʾatruku ʿamal⇤ ṯumma ʾaq⌅mu biriḥlah ḥawla al-ʿal-am!

ENGLISH

1. MAHA: What would you do if you won a million pounds?

2. ASHLEY: I'd buy a house to be able to live here forever!

3. AHMED: I would buy a luxurious car to impress girls!

4. ASHLEY: What about you, Maha?

5. MAHA: I think I'll leave my job and make a trip around the world!

VOCABULARY


إذا (Standard) ʾiḏa if conjunction

ربحتي (Standard) rabiḥt⇤

you won (feminine) conjugated verb


بيت (Standard) bayt house noun masculine

للأبد (Standard) lilʾabad forever adverb

حتى (Standard) ḥatt⇥ in order to, to preposition

فخمة (Standard) faḫmah luxurious adjective

أبهر (Standard) ʾubhir I impress conjugated verb

رحلة (Standard) raiḥlah trip noun feminine

مليون (Standard) mily⌅n million noun masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

إذا أتصل محمد, اخبره أنني نائم.ʾiḏ⇥ ittaṣala muḥammad, iḫbirhu ʾannan⇤ n⇥ʾim. If Mohamed calls, tell him I'm asleep.

إذا كنت تستطيعʾiḏ⇥ kunta tastaṭyʿ If you can

هل ربحتي شيئا من قبل؟hal rabiḥt⇤ öayʾa min qabl? Did you ever win something before?

أحمد في البيت.ʾaḥmad f⇤ al-ba⇤t. Ahmed is in the house.

أين يقع البيت؟ʾa⇤na yaqaʿu al-baytu? Where is the house? (formal Arabic)

البيت فين ؟el b⇤t f⇤n ? Where is the house? (Egyptian Arabic)


سأبقى معك للأبد.saʾabq⇥ maʿaka lilʾabad. I'll stay with you forever.

سألتك حتى أتأكد.saʾaltuka ḥatta⇥ ʾataʾakkad. I asked you to make sure.

يا لها من سيارة فخمة.y⇥ lah⇥ min sayy⇥rah faḫmah. What a luxurious car.

أريد أن أبهر أمي و أبي.ʾur⇤du ʾn ʾubhira ʾumm⇤ wa ʾab⇤. I want to impress mom and dad.

سوف أزور إفريقيل خلال رحلتي حول العالم.sa⌅fa ʾaz⌅ru ʾifr⇤qya⇥ ḫilala riḥlat⇤ ḥa⌅la al-ʿalam. I will visit Africa during my next trip around the world.

ذهبت في رحلة إلى مدغشقر.ḏahabtu f⇤ riḥlah ʾil⇥ mad⌃aöqar." I went on a trip to Madagascar.

هذا البيت قيمته مليون جنية.haḏ⇥ al-ba⇤tu q⇤matuhu mily⌅n ǧunayh. This house is worth a million pounds.


إذا ربحتي

إذا ربحتي

ʾiḏ� rabiḥt⇥ "If you win.."

The word iza means "if" and is always followed by a verb in the past tense.

Here the verb is ربحتي (rabihtii) meaning "you won." Note that even though the verb is in the past tense, the meaning still implies that it's a hypothetical situation.

For example:

إذا لم تذهب, لن أذهب.


إذا لم تذهب, لن أذهب.

iʾḏ� lam taḏhab, lan ʾaḏhab. "If you don't go, I won't go."

حتى

حتى

ḥatta� "in order to"

Hattaa means "in order to" in this context, but it can also mean "until" if followed by a date or a time or an event.

If followed by a verb in the present tense, it usually indicates purpose, but it really depends on the context.

For example:

إرفع صوتك حتى أسمعك.

إرفع صوتك حتى أسمعك.

iʾrfa ʿṣawtak ḥatt� ʾasmaʿak. "Raise your voice so that I can hear you."

ل

ل

li "in order to"

Another way to imply purpose is simply just a ل (li) pre-fixed to the verb in the present form.

So here we have a li + ubhir (verb in the present form conjugated to the first person), literally meaning "in order to impress."

For example:


سأعود للبيت لأستحم أولا.

سأعود للبيت لأستحم أولا.

saʾaʿ⇥d lilbayt liʾastaḥim ʾawwalan. "I'll go back home to take a shower first."

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is The Future Tense

ماذا ستفعلين إذا ربحتي مليون جنيه؟

m�ḏ� satafʿal⇥n ʾiḏ� rabiḥt⇥ mily⇤n ǧunayh? "What would you do if you won a million pounds?"

In Arabic, the future form of verbs is used when discussing either hypothetical situations in a conditional sentence, or future actions. The future tense is one of the easiest forms in Arabic grammar so let's see how to form it together. There are two future forms in Arabic: the sa form and the sawfa form.

The Sa Prefix Future Form

Forming the future tense is as easy as attaching the prefix sa to the verb in the present tense. Let's see the examples we have in the dialogue:

ماذا ستفعلين إذا ربحتي مليون جنيه؟

m�ḏ� satafʿal⇥n iʾḏ� rabiḥt⇤ mily⇥n ǧunayh? "What would you do if you won a million pounds?"

سأشتري بيتا حتى أعيش هنا للأبد!

saʾaötar⇥ baytan ḥatt� ʾa ⇤ʿöu hun� lilʾabad! "I'll buy a house to be able to live here forever!"


أظن أنني سأترك عملي ثم أقوم برحلة حول العالم!

ʾaẓunnu ʾannan⇤ saʾatruku ʿamal⇤ ṯumma ʾaq⇥mu biriḥlah ḥawla al-ʿal-am! "I think I'll leave my job and make a trip around the world!"

Note the highlighted parts. The common part in all of them is the prefix sa. Simply put, sa + verb in present form and you will get the verb in the future form. Let's try this rule on other verbs:

س + أذهب = سأذهب

sa + azhab = sa'azhab

"I will go"

س + يشرب = سيشرب

sa + yashrab = sayashrab

"He will drink"

...and so on. Let's see how the conjugation works with different pronouns.


"I will sleep" سأنام saʾan�m

"You will sleep" ستنام satan�m

"He will sleep" سينام sayan�m

"She will sleep" ستنام satan�m

"We will sleep" سننام sanan�m

"You will sleep"(plural) ستنامون satan�m⇥n

"You will sleep"(dual) ستنامان satan�m�n

"They will sleep" سينامون sayan�m⇥n


"They will sleep"(dual) سينامان sayan�m�n

The Sawfa Future Form

The difference here is that this is not a prefix. It's a full word that implies the future tense when placed before a present tense verb. Let's see the example we have in the dialogue:

أنا سوف أشتري سيارة فخمة لأبهر الفتيات!

ʾan� sawfa ʾaötar⇤ sayy�rah faḫmah liʾubhir al-fataya�t! "I would buy a luxurious car to impress girls!"

In this form, we simply put sawfa before the present tense verb. Let's see some other examples:

سوف أذهب

sawfa azhab

"I will go"

سوف يشرب

sawfa yashrab

"He will drink"

...and so on.


"I will sleep" سوف أنام sawfa ʾan�m

"You will sleep" سوف تنام sawfa tan�m

"He will sleep" سوف ينام sawfa yan�m


"She will sleep" سوف تنام sawfa tan�m

"We will sleep" سوف ننام sawfa nan�m

"You will sleep"(plural) سوف تنامون sawfa tan�m⇥n

"You will sleep"(dual) سوف تنامان sawfa tan�m�n

"They will sleep" سوف ينامون sawfa yan�m⇥n

"They will sleep"(dual) سوف ينامان sawfa yan�m�n

To describe an event that involved more than one verb in the future in a certain order, you need the Arabic version of the conjunction "then," which is ثم (thumma). We saw it in this part of the dialogue:



Note how the verb after ṯumma doesn't have the future tense sa or sawfa, and that's because it is understood from the context. Naturally a past tense action cannot take place after a future tense verb, so inserting a future tense marker after tumma sounds very unnatural.


أنا سوف أشتري سيارة فخمة لأبهر الفتيات!

ʾan� sawfa ʾaötar⇤ sayy�rah faḫmah liʾubhir al-fataya�t! "I would buy a luxurious car to impress girls!"



Sample Sentences


سأعود بعد قليل.

saʾaʿ⇥d baʿda qal⇤l. "I'll be back in a bit."

سوف أستحم ثم ألحق بكم.

sawfa ʾastaḥim ṯumma ʾalḥaqu bikum. "I'll take a shower then follow you all."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

In shaa Allah: "If God wills"

A very common phrase that you'll hear in the Arab world is In shaa Allah which literally means "If God wills." It is a phrase that you have to use after sentences in the future tense that discuss future plans, especially if you're talking to Muslims, although Christians use it too. It originally had a religious nuance to it, but now it's used by everyone and has become an important part of people's speech. Use it and you will sound like a native speaker!

Useful expression:

إن شاء االله

In sh�' All�h "If God wills."

LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #24Choosing What to Eat at a

Restaurant in the Arab World

CONTENTS


11 Cultural Insight

# 24


ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #24 - CHOOS I NG WHAT TO EAT AT A RES TAURANT I N THE ARAB WORLD 2

STANDARD ARABIC

ماذا تودين أن تأكلي يا آشلي؟ أحمد: .1

ممم لا أعرف. على ماذا يحتوي هذا الطبق؟ آشلي: .2

المكرونة بالبشاميل عبارة عن مكرونة مع صوص أبيض سميك و بها لحم مفروم. إنها لذيذة جدا.

النادل: .3

يبدو لذيذا! سآخذ مكرونة بالبشاميل إذا. ماذا عنك يا أحمد؟ آشلي: .4

أريد بيتزا بالمشروم, لو سمحت. أحمد: .5

مكرونة بالبشاميل و بيتزا بالمشروم. أي طلبات أخرى؟ النادل: .6

زجاجة مياة كبيرة, لو سمحت. أحمد: .7

تحت أمرك. النادل: .8


ماذا تودين أن تأكلي يا آشلي؟ أحمد: .1

ممم لا أعرف. على ماذا يحتوي هذا الطبق؟ آشلي: .2

المكرونة بالبشاميل عبارة عن مكرونة مع صوص أبيض سميك و بها لحم مفروم. إنها لذيذة جدا.

النادل: .3

يبدو لذيذا! سآخذ مكرونة بالبشاميل إذا. ماذا عنك يا أحمد؟ آشلي: .4

CONT'D OVER


أريد بيتزا بالمشروم, لو سمحت. أحمد: .5

مكرونة بالبشاميل و بيتزا بالمشروم. أي طلبات أخرى؟ النادل: .6

زجاجة مياة كبيرة, لو سمحت. أحمد: .7

تحت أمرك. النادل: .8


1. ʾAḤMAD: m�ḏ� tawadd⇥n ʾan taʾkul⇥ y� ʾ�öl⇥?

2. ʾ⇤äL⌅: mmm l� ʾaʿrif. ʿal� m�ḏ� yaḥtawi⇥ haḏ� al-ṭabaq?

3. AL-N⇤DIL: al-makar⇧nah bilbaö�m⇥l ʿib�rah ʿan makar⇧nah maʿ ṣ⇧ṣ ʾabyaḍ sam⇥k wa bih� laḥm mafr⇧m. ʾinnah� laḏ ⇥ḏah ǧiddan.

4. ʾ⇤äL⌅: yabd⇧ laḏ ⇥ḏan! saʾ�ḫuḏ makar⇧nah bilbaö�m⇥l ʾiḏan. m�ḏ� ʿanka y� ʾaḥmad?

5. ʾAḤMAD: ʾur⇥d b⇥tz� bilmaör⇧m, law samaḥt.

6. AL-N⇤DIL: makar⇧nah bilbaö�m⇥l wa b⇥tz� bilmaör⇧m. ʾay ṭalab�t ʾuḫr�?

7. ʾAḤMAD: zuǧ�ǧah miy�h kab⇥rah, law samaḥt.

8. AL-N⇤DIL: taḥta ʾamrik.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER


1. AHMED: What would you like to eat, Ashley?

2. ASHLEY: Hmm, I don't know. What does this dish contain?

3. THE WAITER: Bechamel pasta is pasta with a thick white sauce and minced meat. It is very delicious.

4. ASHLEY: It looks delicious! I'll have bechamel pasta then. What about you Ahmed?

5. AHMED: I want mushroom pizza, please.

6. THE WAITER: Bechamel pasta and mushroom pizza. Anything else?

7. AHMED: A big bottle of water, please.

8. THE WAITER: At your service.

VOCABULARY


تودين (Standard) tawadd⇥n You like conjugated verb

يحتوي (Standard) yaḥta⇧⇥ contains conjugated verb

الطبق (Standard) al-ṭabaq the dish noun masculine

مكرونه (Standard) makar⇧nah pasta noun feminine


صوص (Standard) ṣ⇧ṣ sauce noun masculine

سميك (Standard) sam⇥k thick adjective

مفروم (Standard) maafr⇧m minced adjective

طلب (Standard) ṭalaba

a request, an order noun musculine

زجاجة (Standard) zuǧ�ǧah a bottle noun feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

أتودين الذهاب إلى المقهى؟ʾatawadd⇥n al-ḏah�b ʾil� al-maqh�? Would you like to go to the coffee shop?

يحتوي البرتقال على فيتامين سي.yaḥta⇧⇥ al-burtuqal- ʿal� f⇥t�m⇥n s⇥. Oranges have Vitamin C.

هذا الطبق يبدو شهيا.haḏ� al-ṭabaq yabd⇧ öahiyyan. This dish looks delicious.

أحب المكرونة بصلصة الطماطم.ʾuḥibbu al-makar⇧nah biṣalṣaẗi al-ṭam�ṭim. I like pasta with tomato sauce.

أجيد صنع صوص اللحمة.ʾuǧ⇥du ṣunʿa ṣ⇧ṣ al-laḥmah. I'm good at making meat sauce.

أحب الصوص الأبيض سميكا.ʾuḥibbu al-ṣ⇧ṣ al-ʾabyaḍ sam⇥kan. I like white sauce thick.

أريد نصف كيلو لحم بقري مفروم.ʾur⇥du niṣfa k⇥l⇧ laḥm baqar⇥ mafr⇧m. I want half a kilo of minced beef, please.

ما طلبك؟m� ṭalabuk? What is your order?


أريد زجاجة عصير تفاح, لو سمحت.ʾur⇥du zuǧ�ǧaẗa ʿaṣ⇥r tuff�ḥ, law samaḥt. I want a bottle of apple juice, please.


يبدو

يبدو

yabd� "looks," "seems"

The word يبدو (yabduu) is a verb that literally means "seem" or "appear."

Insert an adjective after this word, like lazeez meaning "delicious," for example, to express your opinion about something before/without actually trying it or being sure of it.

For example:

تبدو متعبا.

تبدو متعبا.

tabd� mutʿaban. "You look tired."

سآخذ

سآخذ

saʾ⇥ḫuḏ "I'll have"

This is one of the common ways to order something at a restaurant or a café.

Sa'aakhud literally means "I will take" followed by the order you want to make, is how this


expression is formed. There are other expressions used for the same purpose but this one is the shortest and most simple way to say it.

For example:

سآخذ دجاج مشوي.

سآخذ دجاج مشوي.

saʾ⇥ḫuḏ daǧ⇥ǧ maöwi⇤. "I'll have grilled chicken."

تحت أمرك

تحت أمرك

taḥta ʾmrik "At your service."

This expression literally means "under your command" and is used mainly in the service industry to express hospitality.

The first word taht means "under" or "below," while the second word amrak means "your command." As a whole, it means "at your service."

For example:

تحت أمرك يا أستاذ.

تحت أمرك يا أستاذ.

taḥta ʾamrik y⇥ ʾust⇥ḏ. "At your service, mister."

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is Ordering Food at a Restaurant

ماذا تودين أن تأكلي يا آشلي؟

m⇥ḏ⇥ tawadd⇤n ʾan taʾkul⇤ y⇥ ʾ⇥öl⇤?


"What would you like to eat, Ashley?"

Expressing that you want something in Arabic is a bit different from expressing that you want TO DO something, so it's important to understand the difference between the two forms. Both of them can come in handy when ordering at a restaurant.

"I want" Followed by a Noun

Expressing that you want something usually utilizes the verb يريد (yuriid) which means "want." Simply use this verb followed by the object. Here is an example from the dialogue:

أريد بيتزا بالمشروم, لو سمحت.

ʾur⇤d b⇤tz⇥ bilmaör�m, law samaḥt. "I want mushroom pizza, please."

So it should look like this:

object + أريد

Let's see all the possible variations of the verb yuriid in the table below:


"I want" أنا أريد ʾan⇥ ʾur⇤d

"You want" أنت تريد ʾanta tur⇤d

"You want" (feminine) أنت تريدين ʾanti tur⇤d⇤n

"He wants" هو يريد huwa yur⇤d

"She wants" هي تريد hiya tur⇤d

"We want" نحن نريد naḥnu nur⇤d

"You want" (plural) أنتم تريدون ʾantum tur⇤d�n


"They want" هم يريدون hum yur⇤d�n

"I want" Followed by a Verb

Here we have two verbs, both meaning "want." One of them is the one used in the dialogue:

ماذا تودين أن تأكلي يا آشلي؟

m⇥ḏ⇥ tawadd⇤n ʾan taʾkul⇤ y⇥ ʾ⇥öl⇤? "What would you like to eat, Ashley?"

Here we used the verb يود (yawadd), which can only be used if followed by "to" which in Arabic is أن (an), followed by the verb. So it should look like this:

verb + أود + أن

Note that both "want" and the verb that comes after أن must be conjugated according to the subject of the sentence.

The second verb we can use is the verb we used in the form with "I want" followed by a noun, which is يريد (yuriid).

Yuriid is more widely used, so we recommend you use yuriid for both forms.

يود

Yawadd can be more accurately translated to "would like to," which makes it a more gentle way to ask someone what they want, so it's usually used in questions.

Let's see all the possible conjugations of the verb yawadd:


"I would like" أنا أود ʾan⇥ ʾawad

"You would like" أنت تود ʾanta tawad

"You would like" (feminine) أنت تودين ʾnti tawaddi⇤n


"He would like" هو يود huwa yawad

"She would like" هي تود hiya tawad

"We would like" نحن نود naḥnu nawad

"You would like" (plural) أنتم تودون ʾantum tawadd�n

"They would like" هم يودون hum yawadd�n

Let's see some example of sentences:

أود أن أزور الأهرامات.

awaddu ʾan ʾaz�r al-ʾahr⇥m⇥t. "I would like to visit the Pyramids."

هو يريد أن يشاهد كرة القدم ولكن هي تريد أن تشاهد المسلسل.

huwa yur⇤du ʾan yuö⇥hida kuraẗu al-qadam walakin hiya tur⇤du ʾan tuö⇥hid al-musalsal. "He wants to watch soccer but she wants to watch the TV series."


أريد بيتزا بالمشروم, لو سمحت.

ʾur⇤d b⇤tz⇥ bilmaör�m, law samaḥt. "I want mushroom pizza, please."

Sample Sentences

الآباء يريدون الأفضل لأبنائهم.

al-ʾ⇥b⇥ ʾyur⇤d�n al-ʾafḍal liʾabn⇥ iʾhim. "Parents want the best for their children."

ماهر يريد شوكة و سكين.


m⇥hir ⇤r⇤d öa�kah wa sikk⇤n. "Maher wants a fork and a knife."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Popular Food in the Middle East

The most popular cuisines in the Middle East are the Syrian cuisine and the Italian cuisine. There are many other cuisines of course, like the Yemeni cuisine and Egyptian cuisine, but they aren't as popular. About 80 percent of people who live in the Middle East are Muslim, and that's why you will rarely find pork or bacon anywhere. Instead, Middle Eastern cuisine uses other types of meat like chicken, beef, duck, and lamb in its dishes. Middle Eastern cuisine isn't spicy, but it can make you gain a lot of weight if you eat it regularly, because we love oil and butter and we incorporate them in big quantities into almost all our dishes. And don't forget to say Bil hanaa' wal shifaa'! Yes, that's "Bon apetit!" in Arabic.

Useful expression:

دجاج - بقر - بط - خروف

daǧ⇥ǧ - baqar - baṭ - ḫar�f "chicken - cow - duck - lamb"

ARABI CPOD101.COM BEGI NNER S 1 #25 - TALKI NG ABOUT YOUR VACATI ON I N ARABI C 2

STANDARD ARABIC

جون, كيف كانت رحلتك إلى الإسكندرية؟ أحمد: .1

كانت رائعة. ذهبت إلى الشاطئ و سبحت كثيرا. جون: .2

ماذا أيضا؟ أحمد: .3

تمشيت على كوبري ستانلي و أكلت سمك على الطريقة الاسكندرانية. جون: .4

و كيف كان الجو؟ أحمد: .5

كان دافئا و مشمسا. جون: .6


جون, كيف كانت رحلتك إلى الإسكندرية؟ أحمد: .1

كانت رائعة. ذهبت إلى الشاطئ و سبحت كثيرا. جون: .2

ماذا أيضا؟ أحمد: .3

تمشيت على كوبري ستانلي و أكلت سمك على الطريقة الاسكندرانية. جون: .4

و كيف كان الجو؟ أحمد: .5

كان دافئا و مشمسا. جون: .6


CONT'D OVER


1. ʾAḤMAD: ǧ�n, kayfa k⇥nat riḥlatuka ʾil⇥ al-ʾiskandariyyah?

2. Ǧ⇤N: k⇥nat r⇥ʾiʿah. ḏahabtu ʾil⇥ al-ö⇥ṭiʾ wa sabaḥtu kaṯ⌅ran.

3. ʾAḤMAD: m⇥ḏ⇥ ʾayḍan?

4. Ǧ⇤N: tamaööaytu ʿal⇥ k�br⌅ st⇥nl⌅ wa ʾakaltu samak ʿal⇥ al-ṭar⌅qah al-iskandar⇥niyyah.

5. ʾAḤMAD: wa kayfa k⇥n al-ǧaw?

6. Ǧ⇤N: k⇥n d⇥fiʾan wa muömisan.

ENGLISH

1. AHMED: How was your trip to Alexandria, John?

2. JOHN: It was great. I went to the beach and swam a lot.

3. AHMED: What else?

4. JOHN: I took a stroll on Stanley Bridge and ate fish made in the Alexandrian way.

5. AHMED: And how was the weather?

6. JOHN: It was warm and sunny.

VOCABULARY



رائع (Standard) r⇥ʾiʿ great adjective

سبحت (Standard) sabaḥt I swam conjugated verb

تمشيت (Standard) tamaööayt I took a stroll conjugated verb

كوبري (Standard) k�br⌅ bridge noun masculine

سمكة (Standard) samakah fish noun feminine

الجو (Standard) alǧǧaw the weather noun masculine

دافئ (Standard) d⇥fiʾ warm adjective

مشمس (Standard) muömis sunny adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES

يا له من مكان رائع.ya⇥ lahu min mak⇥n r⇥ʾiʿ. What a great place.

سبحت طوال اليوم.sabaḥtu ṭawaal- al-yawm. I swam all day.

تمشيت في الحديقة مع صديقتي.tamaööaytu f⌅ al-ḥad⌅qah maʿ ṣad⌅qat⌅. I took a stroll in the park with my girlfriend.

ما أسم هذا الكوبري.m⇥ ʾiismu haḏ⇥ al-k�br⌅. What's the name of this bridge?


هذه السمكة جميلة.haḏihi al-samakah ǧam⌅lah. This is a beautiful fish.

الجو رائع هذه الأيام.al-ǧawwu r⇥ʾiʿ haḏihi al-ʾayy⇥m.. The weather is great these days.

الجو دافئ هذا الأسبوع.al-ǧawwu d⇥fʾ haḏ⇥ al-ʾusb�ʿ The weather is warm this week.

إنه دافئʾinnahu d⇥fiʾ It's warm.

الجو مشمس. فلنذهب إلى الحديقة.al-ǧawwu muömis. falnaḏhab ʾil⇥ al-ḥad⌅qah. It's sunny. Let's go to the park.

أنا عادة أذهب في نزهة في الأيام المشمسة.ʾn⇥ ʿa⇥daẗan ʾaḏhabu fi⌅ nuzhah fi⌅ al-ʾa⌅⇥mi al-muömisah. I often go on a picnic on sunny days.

إنه مشمسʾinnahu muömis It's sunny.

الجو اليوم مشمس مع سحب منخفضةalgaw alyoum moshmes maa sohob monkhafedah Today's weather is sunny with occasional clouds.


كيف كانت

كيف كانت

kayfa k�nat "How was..."

This is a nice and polite way to ask someone about their experience doing something or going somewhere.

The first word kayfa means "how," and kanat means "was."

You use kanat if the object in question is a feminine noun. Change it to kana for a masculine noun.


For example:

كيف كانت الإجازة؟

كيف كانت الإجازة؟

kayfa k�nat al- iʾǧ�zah? "How was your holiday?"

ماذا أيضا؟

ماذا أيضا؟

m�ḏ� ʾayḍan? "What else?"

Use this short useful question to get more information about whatever you're asking about.

The first word maza as you probably already know, means "what," and 'aydan means "also." Altogether, it means "what else?" It doesn't have any other forms.

For example:

أكلت سمك؟ ماذا أيضا؟

أكلت سمك؟ ماذا أيضا؟

ʾakalt samak? m�ḏ� ʾayḍan? "You ate fish? What else?"

الإسكندرانية

الإسكندرانية

al-ʾiskandar�niyyah "Alexandrian"

Adding an ية (iyyah) for feminine conjugation and ي (iyy) for masculine conjugation gets you the adjective form of a country/region name (which is the nationality form).

الإسكندرية


("Alexandria") is the name of a coastal city on the Mediterranean sea in Egypt.

Adding another iyyah to al iskandariyyah will end up in a weird double iyyah sound at the end though, and that's why the form changes to al iskandaraniyyah for this word, so it's an irregularity.

For example:

الكبدة الإسكندرانية حارة قليلا.

الكبدة الإسكندرانية حارة قليلا.

al-kibdah al- iʾskandar�niyyah ḥ�rrah qal⇥lan. "Alexandrian liver is a bit spicy."

GRAMMAR

The Focus Of This Lesson Is The Past Tense

كانت رائعة. ذهبت إلى الشاطئ و سبحت كثيرا.

k�nat r�ʾiʿah. ḏahabtu ʾil� al-ö�ṭiʾ wa sabaḥtu kaṯ⇥ran. "It was great. I went to the beach and swam a lot."

The past tense in Arabic conjugated to the third person is considered to be the dictionary form of a verb in Arabic, meaning that it's the form you use to look up a certain verb in the dictionary. That's why learning the Arabic past tense form is very important, because you want to reach a point where you're able to look up words in the dictionary on your own. This last lesson is dedicated to the past tense and how to form it.

Let's consider the most basic verb in Arabic, the verb "to do," which is فعل (fa'ala). Now, this is the dictionary form of this verb, which means that it's in the third person past tense. To begin with, let's see the possible conjugation of this basic and essential verb in the past tense:


"I did" أنا فعلت ʾan� faʿalt


"You did" أنت فعلت ʾanta faʿalt

"You did" (feminine) أنت فعلتي ʾnti faʿalt⇥

"He did" هو فعل huwa faʿal

"She did" هي فعلت hiya faʿalat

"We did" نحن فعلنا naḥnu faʿaln�

"You did" (plural) أنتم فعلتم ʾantum faʿaltum

"They did" هم فعلوا* hum faʿal⇤

*Note: The ا in the end is a silent letter.

Now let's see some examples of past tense verbs from the dialogue.

كانت رائعة. ذهبت إلى الشاطئ و سبحت كثيرا.

k�nat r� iʾʿah. ḏahabtu iʾl� al-ö�ṭi ʾwa sabaḥtu kaṯ⇥ran. "It was great. I went to the beach and swam a lot."

Here we have two verbs, ذهب (ḏahaba) meaning "went," and سبح "swam" (sabaha) conjugated in the first person past tense form. The trick here is to replace the three root letters of فعل with the three root letters of the verb you want to conjugate, then proceed with the same conjugation in the table above. Let's try to do this together.

Let's consider the verb ذهب (ḏahaba) meaning "went." It consists of three root letters:

ذ ه ب.

ḏ h b.

Now let's replace each of those with the root letters of فعل.

ف ع ل


f ʿl

Basically, just take the verb فعل (faʿala - "to do") conjugations as a reference whenever you're conjugating any other verb.

So if فعل (fa'ala) in the second person masculine past tense is فعلت (fa'alt), then:

ذ---ف

ḏ--f

ه---ع

h--'

ب--ل

b--l

ت--ت

t--t

Therefore, the second person masculine past tense form of ذهب (ḏahaba) is ذهبت (ḏahabt).

Now the challenge here is that there are some irregularities depending on the nature of the root letters of the verb in question. For example, if one of the root letters happened to be a vowel, like the verb سار (saar) meaning "to walk," the rules change slightly, but it also changes for all the verbs that have a vowel in the middle letter of the root letters, like مال , باع , دام (daam


- "continue"/baa' - "sell"/ maal - "incline") and so on.

Let's see all possible conjugations in the past tense for this verb:


"I walked" أنا سرت ʾan� sert

"You walked" أنت سرت ʾanta sert

"You walked" (feminine) أنت سرتي ʾante sert⇥

"He walked" هو سار huwa s�r

"She walked" هي سارت heya s�rat

"We walked" نحن سرنا naḥnu sern�

"You walked" (plural) أنتم سرتم ʾantum sertum

"They walked" هم ساروا* hum s�r⇤


What if the vowel was in the last letter of the root verb? Like verb دعى (da'aa) meaning "to invite." It also has an irregular conjugation.


"I invited" أنا دعوت ʾan� daʿawt

"You invited" أنت دعوت ʾanta daʿawt

"You invited" (feminine) أنت دعوتي ʾante daʿa⇤t⇥

"He invited" هو دعا huwa daʿ�

"She invited" هي دعت heya daʿat


"We invited" نحن دعونا naḥnu daʿawn�

"You invited" (plural) أنتم دعوتم ʾantum daʿa⇤tum

"They invited" هم دعوا* hum daʿ⇤�*


You'll need to practice to get used to all the forms, but it will save you a lot of time when you encounter new verbs in the future.


تمشيت على كوبري ستانلي و أكلت سمك على الطريقة الاسكندرانية.

tamaööaytu ʿal� k⇤br⇥ st�nl⇥ wa ʾakaltu samak ʿal� al-ṭar⇥qah al-iskandar�niyyah. "I took a stroll on Stanley Bridge and ate fish made in the Alexandrian way."

Sample Sentences

آية ذهبت إلى الحفلة مع آشلي.

ʾ�yah ḏahabat ʾel� el-ḥaflah ma ʿʾ�öl⇥. "Aya went to the party with Ashley."

دعوت محمد إلى الحفلة.

daʿawtu muḥammad ʾel� el-ḥaflah. "I invited Mohamed to the party."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Must-see Spots in the Middle East

The Middle East has many must-see spots, especially the regions with a very long history like


North Africa and the Levantine region. There's the pyramids and the Pharaonic temples and mummies in Egypt, Petra in Jordan, incredible natural scenery and green mountains in summer, ski slopes in winter in Lebanon, and many other beautiful spots. It's important to be able to speak at least a little Arabic before you go to any part of the Arab world though, to get the full experience. Take care and good luck! See you in the next series of ArabicPod101.com.

Useful expression:

الأهرامات , البتراء

al ahr�m�t, al batr�' "The Pyramids, Petra"

©2016 Innovative Language Learning, LLC (P)2015 Innovative Language Learning, LLC presented by japanesepod101.com

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Intro

What is his name?

Where are you from?

What is that?

Do you have a pen?

How are you?

I'm Lebanese

Do you speak English?

I don't know.

He does it well.

We have to go.

Call him!

How much does it cost?

What time is it?

Haircut

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15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Cars

Using Arabic Dual Nouns

Planning a Party in Egypt

Use Your Arabic to Get a Better Price at the

Market!

Talking About Your Hobbies in Arabic

Does This Middle Eastern Dish Need Salt?

Talking About Possession in Arabic

Keeping Fit in the Arab World

What Would You Do With One Million

Egyptian Pounds?

Choosing What to Eat at a Restaurant in the

Arab World

Talking About Your Vacation in Arabic

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