beetroot - nda.agric.zanda.agric.za/docs/Brochures/brochureBeetroot.pdfBeetroot has been regarded as...
2
2010 Printed and published by: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Obtainable from: Resource Centre Directorate Agricultural Information Services Private Bag X144 PRETORIA 0001 agriculture, forestry & fisheries Department: Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Further information can be obtained from: Directorate Plant Production Private Bag X250 PRETORIA 0001 Tel: +27 12 319 6072 Fax: +27 12 319 6353 Beetroot TRENCH, T.N., WILKINSON, D.J. & ESTERHUYSEN, S.P. 1992. South African plant disease control hand- book. Farmer Support Group, University of Natal. Pietermaritzburg. FARMING SA & ARC, January 2009. Vegetable grow- ing, Supplement to Farming SA.
Transcript of beetroot - nda.agric.zanda.agric.za/docs/Brochures/brochureBeetroot.pdfBeetroot has been regarded as...
2010
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ultu
re, F
ores
try a
nd F
ishe
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e B
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144
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RE
TOR
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ultu
re,
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stry
& fi
sher
ies
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artm
ent:
Agric
ultu
re, F
ores
try a
nd F
ishe
ries
REP
UB
LIC
OF
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TH A
FRIC
A
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ther
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rmat
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rodu
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ET
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6353
Beet
root
TR
EN
CH, T
.N.,
WIL
KIN
SO
N, D
.J. &
ES
TE
RH
UY
SE
N, S
.P.
1992
. Sou
th A
fric
an p
lant
dis
ease
con
trol
han
d-bo
ok. F
arm
er S
uppo
rt G
roup
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Nat
al.
Pie
term
aritz
burg
.
FA
RM
ING S
A &
AR
C, J
anua
ry 2
009.
Veg
etab
le g
row
-in
g, S
uppl
emen
t to
Far
min
g S
A.
Bac
kgro
und
Orig
in a
nd d
istr
ibut
ion
The
bee
troo
t is
indi
geno
us to
Asi
a M
inor
and
Eur
ope.
It
is g
row
n w
ide
ly in
Ge
rma
ny
an
d F
ran
ce a
nd
to
a
less
er
de
gre
e in
oth
er
Eu
rop
ea
n c
ou
ntr
ies,
Afr
ica
, A
sia,
and
Sou
th A
mer
ica.
Soi
l and
clim
atic
req
uire
men
ts
Bee
troo
t do
es b
est
in d
eep
and
wel
l-dr
aine
d, lo
ose,
lo
amy
to s
andy
soi
ls. B
eetr
oot p
refe
rs a
soi
l pH
of 5
,8
to 7
,0, b
ut c
an to
lera
te a
pH
of u
p to
7,6
. Mat
ure
plan
ts
are
fair
ly t
oler
ant
to s
alin
ity,
whe
reas
see
dlin
gs a
re
rela
tivel
y se
nsiti
ve.
Bee
troo
t gr
ows
best
in s
prin
g an
d au
tum
n, b
ut d
oes
we
ll in
su
mm
er
in t
he
Hig
hve
ld a
nd
in w
inte
r in
th
e Lo
wve
ld.
Bee
troo
t se
eds
germ
inat
e at
soi
l tem
pera
-tu
res
ran
gin
g f
rom
4,5
° t
o 3
0 °
C,
with
th
e o
ptim
um
be
ing
18 °
to 2
4 °C
.
Use
s
Th
e r
oo
ts a
re b
oile
d a
nd
ea
ten
as
a c
oo
ked
ve
g-
etab
le, e
ither
pla
in, f
ried
or s
erve
d w
ith s
auce
s. T
hey
ma
y a
lso
be
ho
llow
ed
ou
t a
nd
stu
ffe
d w
ith s
avo
ury
m
ixtu
res.
Win
e is
mad
e fr
om b
eetr
oot i
n so
me
coun
-tr
ies.
The
leav
es a
re s
omet
imes
coo
ked
as s
pina
ch.
It ha
s be
en g
row
n fo
r tho
usan
ds o
f yea
rs fo
r med
icin
al
purp
oses
. Bee
troo
t has
bee
n re
gard
ed a
s a
laxa
tive,
a
cu
re f
or
ba
d b
rea
th,
cou
gh
s a
nd
he
ad
ach
es
an
d ev
en a
s an
aph
rodi
siac
.
Cul
tura
l pra
ctic
es
Pro
paga
tion
Bee
troo
t is
prop
agat
ed b
y se
eds.
Soi
l pre
para
tion
The
see
dbed
sho
uld
be w
ell p
repa
red
by p
loug
hing
15
to
20 c
m d
eep
to b
reak
up
clod
s. T
he s
oil s
houl
d al
so b
e as
leve
l as
poss
ible
, hav
e a
good
cru
mb
stru
c-tu
re a
nd
en
ou
gh
mo
istu
re,
an
d b
e f
ree
of
un
rott
ed
plan
t mat
eria
l.
Pla
ntin
g
See
ds a
re s
pace
d 25
to
50 m
m a
part
in r
ows
draw
n 20
0 to
400
mm
apa
rt.
A f
inal
in-r
ow s
paci
ng o
f 50
to
70 m
m a
fter
thin
ning
out
is r
ecom
men
ded.
The
see
d sh
ould
be
sow
n at
a d
epth
of 1
5 to
20
mm
. Abo
ut 6
to
10 k
g of
see
d is
nee
ded
for 1
ha
of b
eetr
oot.
The
see
d ca
n be
sow
n in
bed
s or
bro
adca
st in
larg
e fie
lds
and
late
r w
orke
d in
to th
e so
il w
ith a
trac
tor-
draw
n ha
rrow
. T
he s
owin
g tim
es d
iffer
with
pro
duct
ion
area
s.
Fer
tilis
atio
n
Nitr
og
en
fe
rtili
sin
g is
imp
ort
an
t a
nd
30
0 t
o 4
00
kg
/ha
of l
imes
tone
am
mon
ium
nitr
ate
or a
mm
oniu
m s
ul-
phat
e, d
epen
ding
on
soil
anal
yses
, are
app
lied
in 2
or
3 dr
essi
ngs
durin
g th
e gr
owin
g se
ason
. Abo
ut 1
50 k
g/ha
of
nitr
ogen
is u
sual
ly a
pplie
d at
pla
ntin
g tim
e an
d th
e re
st w
hen
the
plan
ts a
re a
bout
10
to 1
5 cm
tall.
A
tota
l of 5
00 to
600
kg/
ha o
f sup
erph
osph
ate
and
200
to 3
00 k
g/ha
of p
otas
sium
chl
orid
e ar
e ap
plie
d ju
st b
e-fo
re s
owin
g. A
ltern
ativ
ely,
a fe
rtili
ser
mix
ture
of 2
:3:2
(2
2) a
t 1 0
00 to
1 2
00 k
g/ha
may
be
appl
ied.
Irrig
atio
n
The
soi
l sho
uld
neve
r be
allo
wed
to b
ecom
e dr
y an
d it
shou
ld b
e ke
pt m
oist
to a
dep
th o
f 20
to 2
5 cm
. The
pl
antin
gs s
houl
d re
ceiv
e lig
ht w
ater
app
licat
ions
dai
ly
until
the
you
ng s
eedl
ings
com
e up
. A
bout
30
mm
of
wat
er s
houl
d be
sup
plie
d pe
r irr
igat
ion.
Wee
d co
ntro
l
Wee
ds m
ust
be c
ontr
olle
d be
fore
the
y ca
n co
mpe
te
with
bee
t see
dlin
gs a
nd in
terf
ere
with
thei
r gr
owth
. All
wee
ds b
etw
een
the
row
s m
ust
be r
emov
ed b
y ha
nd
to a
void
dam
agin
g th
e ro
ots.
Wee
d co
ntro
l can
als
o be
ach
ieve
d ch
emic
ally
by
appl
ying
her
bici
des,
and
in
stru
ctio
ns o
n th
e co
ntai
ner
shou
ld b
e fo
llow
ed.
Pes
t con
trol
and
dis
ease
con
trol
Fre
quen
t pe
sts
of b
eetr
oot
incl
ude:
aph
ids,
red
spi
-d
er,
lea
f-e
atin
g in
sect
s, a
nd
cu
two
rms.
Co
ntr
ol c
an
be d
one
by a
pply
ing
regi
ster
ed c
hem
ical
s an
d us
ing
baits
whe
n th
e ro
ots
reac
h m
atur
ity.
(Use
reg
iste
red
chem
ical
s.)
Cro
p ro
tatio
n ca
n al
so h
elp.
Fre
qu
en
t d
ise
ase
s in
clu
de
: C
erc
osp
ora
le
af
spo
t,
dow
ny m
ildew
, bro
wn
rust
, sca
b, r
oot r
ot, a
nd d
amp-
ing-
off.
Con
trol
can
be
achi
eved
by
sow
ing
seed
s in
so
ils w
ith a
go
od
str
uct
ure
. S
ee
d s
ho
uld
be
tre
ate
d w
ith t
hira
m.
Pra
ctis
e cr
op r
otat
ion.
The
cro
p sh
ould
ha
ve s
uffic
ient
bor
on.
Pla
ntin
g sh
ould
be
at t
he r
ight
tim
e an
d no
t to
o de
ep.
In t
he c
ase
of d
owny
mild
ew,
see
ds
sho
uld
be
ob
tain
ed
fro
m a
n a
rea
wh
ere
th
is
dise
ase
does
not
occ
ur. S
eed
trea
tmen
t: pl
ace
in h
ot
wat
er a
t 50
°C fo
r 25
min
utes
. Pra
ctis
e cr
op r
otat
ion.
P
lant
ing
shou
ld b
e in
wel
l-dra
ined
soi
ls.
Ack
now
ledg
emen
ts
JOU
BE
RT,
G.
1974
. T
he c
ultiv
atio
n of
veg
etab
les
in
Sou
th A
fric
a, t
he c
ultiv
atio
n of
roo
t cr
ops:
the
cul
ti-va
tion
of b
eetr
oot.
Roo
t Cro
ps S
erie
s, N
o.A
.1/1
974,
H
ortic
ultu
ral R
esea
rch
Inst
itute
, Pre
toria
.
KW
AZ
ULU
-NA
TA
L D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F A
GR
ICU
LTU
RE A
ND E
NV
IR-
ON M
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S. 2
001.
Veg
etab
le p
rodu
ctio
n gu
ide l
ines
for
Kw
aZul
u-N
atal
. Pie
term
aritz
burg
.
