Bed Contained Tectonic Fold-Related FracturesBed Contained Tectonic Fold-Related Fractures

Flank of Teton AnticlineSawtooth Mnts.W. Montana

Miss. Madison Ls

Reservoir SimulationReservoir Simulation

• Integration of multidisciplinary data

• Up-scaling of observational data

• Numerically “grow” fracture networks that aptly represent the real fracture networks and their distributions

• Stress state perturbations due to production

Static Conceptional Model

Dynamic Conceptional Model

Simulation Model

Static Description Dynamic Description

Upscaling

SubsurfaceOutcropWellboreGeophysics

PressureTempertureFluid TypesEnergy

Full Static &Dynamic Simulation

Economic Decisions in Exploration & Development

Statistical & GeomechanicalRepresentation

Well Test Data & Well Histories

Modeling in Fractured ReservoirsSPE Forum, Sept. 2000

Oil

Water

bedding contained joints -type, orientations, spacing non bedding contained joints -type + orientation + forelimb/ backlimb joint zones -type + orientation + forelimb/ backlimb faults -type +orientation + forelimb/ backlimb

•normal•reverse•strike slip•thrusts

Data considered: Outcrops

no increase of fractures at hingefaults near hinge?dominant fracture direction

Nelson

Total Integration Includes:Total Integration Includes:

• Fracture system characterization

• Stratigraphic interpretation & modeling

• Structural geology

• Petrophysics

• Seismic mapping & attribute analysis

• Well testing, inc. production logs

• Production history matching

• Reservoir engineering, inc. dual porosity flow behavior

• Fracture scaling and reservoir simulation

• Drilling and completion technology

Permeability Reduction Due to Stress,Permeability Reduction Due to Stress, Opon Field, ColombiaOpon Field, Colombia

100

80

60

40

20

0

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Confining Pressure, psi

% o

f O

rigi

nal

Per

mea

bil

ity

Matrix

Fracture

Palmer (1997)

A 3DMOVE Fracture Generator ModelA 3DMOVE Fracture Generator Model

Courtesy of K. Rawnsley

Conceptual Models & Real FracturesConceptual Models & Real Fractures

Nelson (1985)

Reservoir Property ModelsReservoir Property Models

Generalized

Fractures+

Crossbedding

Nelson (1985)

Perm. Anisotropy Brick ModelPerm. Anisotropy Brick Model

Nelson (1985)

Porosity vs. PermeabilityPorosity vs. Permeability(All Non-Induced Nugget Ss Fractures)

Ryckman Creek WI # 6

Poor Correlation

31% 51%

Nelson (1985)

(Sample Type 7; B<20, NF)

Ryckman Creek WI # 6

Porosity vs. PermeabilityPorosity vs. Permeability

Better Correlation

62% 66%

Nelson (1985)

Sugar Cube Approach to Sugar Cube Approach to Modeling FracturesModeling Fractures

Nelson (1985)

Multi-Scale Fractures in CarbonateMulti-Scale Fractures in Carbonate

2 ft

Nelson (1985)

Multi-Scale Tectonic Fracture Development in SsMulti-Scale Tectonic Fracture Development in SsSheep Mnt. Anticline, Big Horn Basin, WyomingSheep Mnt. Anticline, Big Horn Basin, Wyoming

10 ft

1 ft

Nelson (1987b)

Concept of Natural Fracture ScalingConcept of Natural Fracture Scaling

Nelson (1987b)

Modified Sugar Cube ModelingModified Sugar Cube Modeling

Courtesy of SPE

Nelson (1985)

Smaller Scale Fractures Modeled as ContinuumSmaller Scale Fractures Modeled as Continuum

Courtesy of SPE

Nelson (1985)

Smaller Scale Fractures Modeled as ContinuumSmaller Scale Fractures Modeled as Continuum

Courtesy of SPE

Nelson (1985)