Shalin Hai-Jew

Kansas State University

Poster Session, Digital Humanities Forum 2015

“Peripheries, Barriers, Hierarchies: Rethinking Access, Inclusivity and Infrastructure in Global DH Practice”

Sept. 25 – 26, 2015

Institute for Digital Research in the Humanities (IDRH), University of Kansas

Part 1: What is NodeXL (Network

Overview, Discovery and Exploration for

Excel/XL)?

Part 2: Graph aesthetics in NodeXL Visual pleasure

Cognitive pleasure

Part 3: Bridging to NodeXL for research and analysis

2

Self-intros? Research backgrounds?

Areas of interest?

Why “beauty as a bridge”? Idea of “bridging nodes” in a social

network

3

(Part 1)

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A free and open-source network graphing tool add-on to Excel (on Windows) available from Microsoft’s CodePlex (and sponsored by the Social Media Research Foundation)

Its import feature enables access to data from a number of social media platforms with web-based APIs or public web structures: Facebook, Flickr, MediaWiki, Twitter, Web and blog (VOSON), YouTube, and others

NodeXL Graph Gallery on the Web

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Directed or undirected graphs

Single-mode graphs, bipartite graphs (bigraphs, two-mode graphs), multi-modal graphs

Various levels of analysis: nodes, isolates, pendants, whiskers; dyads,

triads, motifs; islands; groups / clusters; global network level metrics

Visual depiction as 2D node-link diagrams (vertex-edge, entity-relationship)

Underlying datasets

“Relationships” on social media: Follower, following (formal, declared); ad hoc

discussions such as reply-to, retweet, likes, commenting, tagging; cooperative work such as co-tagging, co-editing; co-liking; upvotingor downvoting on a particular artifact; shared group membership; similarity; shared locale or time zone

8

Simple Overview

Group clustering algorithms: Clauset-Newman-Moore

Wakita-Tsurumi

Girvan-Newman

Motif extractions

Graph layout algorithms: Fruchterman-Reingold force-based layout

algorithm

Harel-Koren fast multi-scale layout algorithm

Circle (ring lattice graph)

Spiral

Horizontal sine wave

Vertical sine wave

Grid

Polar

Polar absolute

Sugiyama

Random

None

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Visual pleasure

Cognitive pleasure

(Part 2)

10

What is “algorithmic art”? Roles of humans

Roles of machines

What makes the following graphs (un)appealing? Visually?

Cognitively?

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Visually

Symmetry

Color

Line

Movement

Relationship

Figurative representation

Abstract representation

Illusion

Mood …

Cognitively

Elegant algorithmic use

Interplay with the software and underlying data

Originality

Visual illustration of a concept

Humor

Playfulness

Serendipity …

56

General Sequence

Data extraction from social media platforms (Twitter, Wikipedia, Flickr, YouTube, Facebook, and others) based on selected parameters Using data structures as a way to draw

particular graph images / graph maps

Using large amounts of data as a forcing function for certain algorithms

Using sparse amounts of data as a forcing function for certain algorithms

Data processing Calculation of graph metrics

Clustering

57

Application of layout algorithm Iterating a force-based layout algorithm to

version the graph visualization

Iterating various layout algorithms for versioning the graph layout

Application of visual levers (in various combinations and sequences): Layout options: box layout algorithms,

margins, intensity of force-based layout (if used), grid layout

Autofill: x- and y-axes, vertex polar R and vertex polar angle, edges / vertices / groups represented by data

Graph pane: graph options (edges, vertices, background); dynamic filters, scale, zoom, and others; visualization processing glitches

58

More hands-on changes (“artifice”): Data: Data selection and filtering (data

density vs. sparsity); use of synthetic data from graphing tools (like UCINET)

Illusions: Playing with 3D illusions (based on stereoscopic vision and bright color advancing and darker colors receding); motion illusions

Components: Playing with shapes, textures, line thicknesses; image rotation

Interaction effects: Playing with interaction effects (highlighting or selecting particular parts of an image to activate effects)

Colors: Playing with colors [hues, saturation, opacity / transparency / invisibility, monochrome (b/w) /dichrome, luminescence on computer monitors, RGB and hexadecimal web color (including fluorescence), and other features]

Backgrounding, foregrounding: Adding a background image (including with alpha channels)

Drawing: Manual drawing on the image

Glitches: Visualization “deformations” and “glitches” in Excel (both intended and unintended capabilities)

59

Some requirements

1. A rudimentary understanding of (social and content) network analysis

2. Awareness re: the nuances of the respective social media platforms, the available content data / trace data / metadata, and their application programming interfaces (APIs) and public-facing sides (enabling data scraping)

related tags network, user network, video network, article network, user-article network, #hashtag network, keyword search network, http network

3. Use of NodeXL for practical research

(Part 3)

60

Graph Metric Value

Graph Type Directed

Vertices 421

Unique Edges 151

Edges With Duplicates 0

Total Edges 151

Self-Loops 0

Reciprocated Vertex Pair Ratio 0.135338346

Reciprocated Edge Ratio 0.238410596

Connected Components 338

Single-Vertex Connected Components 322

Maximum Vertices in a Connected Component 48

Maximum Edges in a Connected Component 85

Maximum Geodesic Distance (Diameter) 9

Average Geodesic Distance 3.573008

Graph Density 0.000853976

Modularity Not Applicable

NodeXL Version 1.0.1.323

Readability Metric Value

61

Group Vertex Color Vertex Shape

G1 0, 12, 96 Disk

G2 0, 136, 227 Disk

G3 0, 100, 50 Disk

G4 0, 176, 22 Disk

G5 191, 0, 0 Disk

G6 230, 120, 0 Disk

G7 255, 191, 0 Disk

G8 150, 200, 0 Disk

G9 200, 0, 120 Disk

G10 77, 0, 96 Disk

G11 91, 0, 191 Disk

G12 0, 98, 130 Disk

G13 0, 12, 96 Solid Square

G14 0, 136, 227 Solid Square

G15 0, 100, 50 Solid Square

G16 0, 176, 22 Solid Square

G17 191, 0, 0 Solid Square

G18 230, 120, 0 Solid Square

G19 255, 191, 0 Solid Square

G20 150, 200, 0 Solid Square

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Vertex Color Shape Size Opacity Image File Visibility Label Label Fill Color Label Position Tooltip Degree In-Degree

Out-Degree Betweenness Centrality Closeness Centrality Eigenvector Centrality PageRank Clustering Coefficient

Reciprocated Vertex Pair Ratio

Add Your Own Columns Here Followed Followers Tweets Favorites

Time Zone UTC Offset (Seconds) Description Location Web Time Zone Joined Twitter Date (UTC)Custom Menu Item Text

Custom Menu Item Action Tweeted Search Term?

oralia750

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oralia750

RT @sun__flare: @BarackObama Yes.Thank you!! Please threaten VETOSTORM if GOP does not allow voteon #RenewUI #jobs #RaiseTheWage 0 2 66.667 0.006 0.000 0.666 0.000 0.000 371 226 12913 2004 3/31/2014 15:14

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barackobama

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barackobama

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This account is run by Organizing for Action staff. Tweets from the President are signed -bo. Washington, DC

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a_new_freedom

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a_new_freedom

@SincereAngels I know you are stillfighting, had not seen you much.I try to stay in touch with everyone.#RenewUI #vets #jobs #immigration 3 0 63.333 0.005 0.000 1.060 0.000 0.000 1985 1568 22322 1970 -25200

Interventions, Counseling, Consulting, Aftercare and Peer to Peer Counseling. Web site http://t.co/TEWRv8NdUs Phone 541-513- 4805 Facebook Richard Thayer Portland, Oregon

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_denverjobs_

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_denverjobs_

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denverjobsfair

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Search Denver / Healthcare jobs career listing.

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jobsdirectusa

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#publishing #jobs AdministrativeAssistant II -Publishing Sales- J. J. Keller & Associates,Inc - Neenah, WI http://t.co/7BTlpFMHE4 1 11 798.167 0.006 0.000 4.958 0.000 0.091 19587 19345 673670 93 -14400

Helping America get back to work since 2008. Find jobs in the United States and search company career sites at http://t.co/egDNXrgi4Z. Jacksonville, FL

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mnchester_buzz

Executive Administrative Assistantat Career Connections (Manchester,NH) http://t.co/Xn6crPSwWz #Jobs 1 0 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.533 0.000 0.000 2934 3218 48508 2 -25200

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VP Marketing - Big Data Start Upat Concurrent Inc. - San FranciscoBay Area #in #jobs http://t.co/oBeRNhQovJ 1 0 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.533 0.000 0.000 1 9074 71060 0

Marketing jobs on the world's largest professional network. http://t.co/2yk13jJtDw 9/23/2010 22:13

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westcorp_omaha

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westcorp_omaha

Order Management Administratorjob at West Corporation -Omahahttp://t.co/O6YPMd4qP1 #Indeed#jobs 1 0 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.533 0.000 0.000 216 360 1825 23 -18000

West’s goal is to seamlessly connect our clients to their customers by delivering world-class solutions that make the big data craze, well…. not so big anymore. Omaha, NE

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Leading global health and hygiene company. Brands include Kleenex, Scott, Huggies, Andrex, Pull Ups, Kotex, Poise, and Depend.

Across the country

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newjobsnow

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Collections. North Canton, OH.http://t.co/QnKIekLz4Y #jobs 1 0 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.533 0.000 0.000 2354 2902 184116 0 -14400

America was not built on fear. America was built on courage, on imagination and an unbeatable determination to do the job at hand. ~Harry S. Truman United States of America

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wellpointcareer

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wellpointcareer

Manager II Provider Network Management… job at WellPoint -Knoxvillehttp://t.co/wkEMvwhyPX #Indeed#jobs 1 0 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.533 0.000 0.000 64 397 2659 0 -14400

Looking for great talent for our company, referrals are always welcomed. RT are not endorsements. For customer service tweet @askAnthem. Indianapolis, IN

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teamworkonline

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teamworkonline

Newest #Jobs Posted: Ticket AccoutingSpecialist -Arizona Diamondbacks(Phoenix, AZ) http://t.co/ZN69RouMSb 1 0 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.533 0.000 0.000 499 25686 39701 125 -14400

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alexandraheber

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alexandraheber

HUGE BEAT: AUSTRALIAN ECONOMY ADDED14,200 #JOBS IN APRIL http://t.co/I6TfonpK3h 0 4 41.643 0.006 0.000 1.006 0.250 0.000 641 446 1388 43 36000

A business journalist. Can cook. Northern Beaches kid at heart. Australia

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abcnews24

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abcnews24

#Jobs figures for April remainedstable at 5.8% with just over 14,000jobs created 6 2 147.243 0.006 0.000 1.941 0.179 0.000 1383 114376 33249 8 36000

This account details #ABCNews24’s live coverage, guests and programs. Also follow @ABCNews for general news alerts. This is an official @ABCaustralia account. Australia

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commsec

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commsec

14,200 jobs created in April (allfull time). No change to part timeemployment. Jobless rate steadyat 5.8%. #ausecon #jobs ̂ SD 2 3 12.800 0.006 0.000 1.003 0.250 0.250 469 12345 19611 3 36000

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guardian

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guardian

4 0 2.667 0.005 0.000 1.040 0.250 0.000 1074 2179693 61815 130 3600

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rangersyariah

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jobs_secretary

AU #admin #jobs Expressions ofInterest -Mining, Oil and GasIndustries: QLD-Brisbane, Workfor the best and ... http://t.co/SvMb5cfgM9 4 0 24.000 0.045 0.061 0.939 0.500 0.000 31 364 7954 0 36000

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mnjobconnecter

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mnjobconnecter

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jobsatseek

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jobsatseek

Blaster - 2nd shift job at SEEKCareers/Staffing, I… -Baldwinhttp://t.co/roULi5Rq0w #Indeed#jobs 1 0 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 1620 1318 7784 122 -18000

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Wisconsin and Minnesota

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findmjob

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findmjob

Senior Web Developer http://t.co/jDkU28yGId#wordpress #javascript #jobs #hiring#careers 0 1 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 1735 2980 261320 0 28800

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thwjobs

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railsjobscom

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rorjobs

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rorjobs

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newarkjobroll

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metro cities @NYCMetroJobRoll : 50 states @USAJobConnecter Lists Brooklyn, NY

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nmjobconnecter

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nmjobconnecter

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abqjobroll

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abqjobroll

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Albuquerque, NM / ABQ

http://t.co/p75crKIKmI Arizona 9/28/2013 17:04

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robertlopez_

http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/454097704545579008/kcSPnvSM_normal.jpeg

robertlopez_

RT @ChelseaKrost: #MillennialsMUST use #LinkedIn-Says our gueststonight @kimberleykasper @NastyGalCareershttp://t.co/wUKpoXaSRd #career… 0 2 47.048 0.007 0.000 0.655 0.000 0.000 1996 1713 259977 159465 -25200

Christian ;D♥!(8)/Superman_For Christopher Reeve ♥Windows Live robertolopez144000@live.comFB CadreRobertGoogle+ robertolopez144 Wordpress robertlopez144 The World

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Pacific Time (US & Canada) 7/8/2010 19:14

Open Twitter Page for This Person

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Vertex 1 Vertex 2

oralia750 barackobama

oralia750a_new_freedom

_denverjobs_ denverjobsfair

_denverjobs_ aurorajobs_

jobsdirectusamnchester_buzz

jobsdirectusa lijobs_mktg

jobsdirectusawestcorp_omaha

jobsdirectusa kccareers

jobsdirectusa newjobsnow

jobsdirectusa lijobs_eng

jobsdirectusawellpointcareer

jobsdirectusateamworkonline

alexandraheber abcnews24

alexandraheber barackobama

alexandraheber commsec

alexandraheber guardian

rangersyariah jobs_secretary

mnjobconnecter jobsatseek

findmjob thwjobs

railsjobscom rorjobs

velvetjobs barackobama

velvetjobs cnbc

newarkjobroll brooklynjobroll

brooklynjobrollnewarkjobroll

nmjobconnecter abqjobroll

robertlopez_ barackobama

robertlopez_ chelseakrost

jobs4ep jobs4hou

jobs4ep jobs4dal

jobs4ep jobs4sa

jobsinboston_ bostonjobssh

jobsinboston_ jobs4bos

travelworld373 craigslistjobs

jobsdirectusa bestjobsonline

travelworld373 bestjobsonline

travelworld373 jobs4nyc

commsec abcnews24

commsec mattcnbc

commsec cnbc

mattcnbc commsec

mattcnbc cnbc

mattcnbc abcnews24

mattcnbc barackobama

wildlifecenter ecoemploy

everyinternship jobs4nyc

everyinternship barackobama

_florida_jobs_ jobtipsco

seipai23a_new_freedom

seipai23 thehill

veronicamac21 jobs4rdu

sun__flarea_new_freedom

sun__flare matt281970

sun__flare thehill

sun__flare barackobama

recruiternathan sapjobssydney

joeelector thehill

joeelector ricksantorum

nyc_it_jobs jobs4nyc

jobs4mesa jobs4lv

jobs4lv jobs4sd

jobs4lv jobs4phx

jobs4lv jobs4mesa

jobs4jan jobs4mem

sacbiz cnbc

agentsentral cnbc

nievera mynegosentro

mynegosentro bnievera

mynegosentro nievera

mynegosentro agentsentral

mynegosentrodominicpantoja

agentsentral mynegosentro

dominicpantoja mynegosentro

bnievera mynegosentro

nievera agentsentral

nievera bnievera

nieveradominicpantoja

agentsentral nievera

dominicpantoja nievera

bnievera nievera

agentsentral bnievera

agentsentral barackobama

agentsentraldominicpantoja

dominicpantoja agentsentral

bnievera agentsentral

dominicpantoja bnievera

63

Top URLs in Tweet in Entire Graph Entire Graph Count

Top Domains in Tweet in Entire Graph Entire Graph Count

Top Hashtags in Tweet in Entire Graph Entire Graph Count

Top Words in Tweet in Entire Graph Entire Graph Count

Top Word Pairs in Tweet in Entire Graph Entire Graph Count

Top Replied-To in Entire Graph Entire Graph Count

Top Mentioned in Entire Graph Entire Graph Count

Top Tweeters in Entire Graph Entire Graph Countcraigslistjobs 1381070bestjobsonline 1155301zrjobs 738029jobsdirectusa 673670creativejobfeed 577897jobangebote 441713findmjob 261320robertlopez_ 259977bestjobwebsite 209404mostpopularjobs 192311

64

Datasheet <-> Social network graph (interactivity for cross-referencing) 65

“threshold” related tags network on Flickr (1.5 deg.) 66

@johnkerry ad hoc user network on Twitter based on recent messaging67

68#ebola hashtag search on Twitter (basic network)

#rivalry hashtag search on Twitter (basic ad hoc network) 69

“Alexis_Tsipras” article network on Wikipedia (1 deg.) 70

“network” related tags network on Flickr (2 deg.) / with partitioning71

“bridge” video network on YouTube (unlimited) 72

“Greece” related tags network on Flickr (1.5 deg.) 73

Hersheys fan page on Facebook (data even without node-level labeling) 74

#virscan hashtag search on Twitter (basic network) 75

76#alert hashtag search on Twitter (basic network) / collapsed groups

“Yangtze” related tags network on Flickr (1 deg.) 77

78#draft hashtag search on Twitter (basic network) / multidimensional data

“ambchrishill” ad hoc user network on Twitter including friends (formal declared network)

79

#Everest hashtag search on Twitter (basic network), with key terms in top 10 groups highlighted

80

“quantum computing” video network on YouTube (unlimited)81

What are the various choices that a researcher may make in capturing data from social media platforms? What do the various parameters mean?

What data variations may be seen based on the differing parameters?

What do the various graph metrics related to the social network mean? What does it mean if a network has a lot or a

few vertices? Edges?

What does it mean if there are some nodes with high degree? Closeness centrality? Betweenness centrality? Eigenvector centrality?

What does it mean if a network has a lot of clusters or a few clusters?

What does it mean if a network has various motif patterning?

What does it mean if a network has a lot of “isolates” and “pendants” and “whiskers”?

What does it mean if a network has dense ties? Sparse ties? When might each be desirable?

82

What insights may be extracted from individual nodes? the motifs? The clusters?

What are some creative ways to use dynamic filtering to interact with the collecting data in the NodeXL graph pane? What about the geolocational

information?

What about the time zone information?

83

What are some ways of profiling an individual or entity across social media platforms (and how that individual or group instantiates across different platforms)?

Are there some unique aspects to the (meta)data extracted from respective social media platforms? Are there ways to use the knowledge of such tendencies to better understand the extracted data?

84

Are the user networks (on social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr and Wikipedia) based on recent interchanges / recent messaging or formalized declared relationships?

What are related tags networks (on Flickr)?

What are video networks on YouTube?

What is an article-article network on Wikipedia?

What is an “http network,” and what does it show?

85

Who are the egos and entities in a user network on a particular social media platform?

What assertions may be made about a particular online social network? How much confidence would you have in those assertions?

What messages (microblogging messages, imagery, video links, URLs) may be captured from an account, and what may be understood from those messages?

86

What information may be captured from metadata (tags, trace data, profile information, EXIF data, and others) in a social media platform, and what may be understood from that metadata?

What are some ways to verify data? [Are there other ways to access related data in order to (dis)confirm initial findings?]

87

Has a full dataset been obtained? Why so (in some rare cases)? Why not (in more common cases)? What are some of the dependencies in the data extraction and graph visualizing?

How much statistical explanation is needed for clarity?

Are there ways to head off negative learning and misconceptions based on social maps / graphs alone?

88

Ideas?

Requests for demos? Graph visualization walk-throughs? Light data analysis?

89

Information is beautiful, too...

90

Dr. Shalin Hai-Jew

Instructional Designer

iTAC

Kansas State University

212 Hale / Farrell Library

1117 Mid-Campus Drive North

785-532-5262

shalin@k-state.edu

All depicted data extractions and graphs were created by the poster presenter using NodeXL. These visuals and their underlying datasets are available on the NodeXL Graph Gallery.

Thanks to the NodeXL team for creating and evolving a multi-faceted Excel add-on and developing a supportive online community!

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