BEAMS AND COLUMNS

PRESENTED BYK.ROSHIN RUKSHANA

BEAMSPlain and R.C.C are mainly used in

construction of all types of buildingBEAMS: Beams is a horizontal member of

structure , it bear load as it support roofs and slab and it transfer the whole weight to the column

BEAMSR.C.C. BEAM: R.C.C. beam is subjected to

bending moments and shear . The strength of the R.C.C. beams is depend on the composite action of concrete and steel .

MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS: It used in high tenstion zone

so that concrete take the compressive stresses and steel take all the tensile stresses

TYPES OF BEAMS:DEPEND ON SUPPORTSimply supported beamFixed beamCantilever beamContinuous beamOverhanging beam

DEPEND ON SUPPORT:SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM: Two ends of the beam are kept

free . This type of beam is not used in practice due to the chance of rotation of beam as there is no support.

FIXED BEAM: the beams are support at both

the end by fixing it in to walls it avoid bending

DEPEND ON SUPPORT:CATILEVER BEAM: The one end is fixed to the

wall and other end is set free so top side have tension and compression zone in bottom side

It is used in slab support Eg: balcony porticoCONTINUOUS BEAM: Two or more support is given .

This beam economical for any span lengths

DEPEND ON SUPPORT:OVERHANGING BEAM: It one end is extends

beyond the wall . Unsupported end case a overhanging

DEPENDS ON REINFORCEMENTSINGLY REINFORCED BEAM: Steel bars are supported only at

one end

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM: Steel bars are supported

at both the side ,top and bottom

TYPES OF LOADING ON BEAMSCONCENTRATED LOAD

UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED

UNIFORMLY VARYING LOADS

ARBITRARY LOADING

COLUMNSIt is vertical structureIt transfer load from beams and roofs

to foundationBricks , Timber , R.C.C are used as

columnEFFECTIVE LENGTH: It depend upon the

condition of end support of the column.

TYPES OF COLUMNLONG COLUMN OR SLENDER: The ratio of the effective length to

the lateral dimension of the column is >12.

Short column: The ratio of the effective

length to the least dimension is <= 12INTERMEDIATE COLUMN: Column with length that

between the short and long column

R.C.C . COLUMNThe effective length of compression member

is equal to or less than thrice the lateral dimension the member is made of plain concrete . For more than thrice the least lateral dimension the member should be of R.C.C

R.C.C . COLUMNLOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF R.C.C. COLUMN: The percentage of steel used is large in a

column the concrete fails first. When the percent of steel is high then column will be more strong

SPIRALLY REINFORCED COLUMN: It is used for circular column

PITCH: It should not have more than1/6 of diameter of

column

PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN COLUMN CONSTRUCTIONProcess of constructionVertical height of concreteColumns for more than one StoreyLoad on the column of the top storey

USE OF R . C .C COLUMN: Multi-storey buildings Heavily loaded structures

STEEL COLUMN or STANCHIONSUsed in industrial structure to support the

beams and trussesIt support the girder to which the beams are

loaded

STANDARD STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS:

Steel made in the factory is called Standard structureI-sectionTee-sectionZ-section etc…. that used for light loads

STEEL COLUMN or STANCHIONSThe shape of cross section of steel and

sectional area should be design carefully to avoid buckling

It should have high value of moment of inertia

BUILT-UP COLUMN SECTIONWhen two or three steel section of rolled

sheets and cover plates are connected to form a column then it is known as Built-up section

Cover plates should properly welded with main section

Thank you