Be Maui's Eyes and Ears- Invasive Plant and Animal Identification Training for Natural Resource...

Be Maui’s “Eyes and Ears”Be Maui’s “Eyes and Ears”

Early Detection of Invasive Plants Early Detection of Invasive Plants and Animals on Mauiand Animals on Maui

Elizabeth Speith, USGS Pacific Basin Information NodeElizabeth Speith, USGS Pacific Basin Information Node

Lyssa Fox, Maui Invasive Species CommitteeLyssa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee

Pacific Basin Pacific Basin Information NodeInformation Node

https://pbin.nbii.gov

Weed ID Course OverviewWeed ID Course Overview

•Early detection and invasive species biologyEarly detection and invasive species biology

•Plant and Animal IDPlant and Animal ID

•Best Management Practices/ ResourcesBest Management Practices/ Resources

An invasive species is...

An alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health (Exec. Order 13112)

Not all alien plant species are invasive.

Not all invasive plants are alien.

Area

Time

# of individuals

Introduction

(Lag time)

Colonization

Naturalization

EARLY DETECTION/

RAPID REPSONSE

PREVENTION

MANAGEMENT

RESTORATION

Phases of Invasion and Associated Control StrategiesPhases of Invasion and Associated Control Strategies

When is When is eradication of eradication of pest plants a pest plants a realistic goal?realistic goal?

M. Rejmánek and M. J. Pitcairn, 2002

Turning the Tide: The Eradication of Invasive Species

““The easiest, least expensive, The easiest, least expensive, and most successful control and most successful control programs are those that have programs are those that have detected the invader early.”detected the invader early.”

ResidentialNaturalized.011IslandYesVerbascum thapsus

ResidentialNaturalized.11LocalNoSideroxylon persimile

WildlandNaturalized1+5IslandNoPittosporum viridiflorum

WildlandCultivated.011LocalYesMorella faya

WildlandNaturalized.12IslandNoMorella cerifera

ResidentialNot sure.0011IslandYesMelastoma sanguineum

ResidentialCultivated.011IslandYesMaclura pomifera

ResidentialCultivated.012LocalYesMacaranga tanarius

ResidentialCultivated .00012IslandYesMacaranga mappa

ResidentialNot sure.011LocalYesCaesalpinia decapetala

ResidentialNaturalized.11IslandYesAcacia retinodes

ResidentialCultivated.013IslandNoAcacia podalyriifolia

ResidentialNot Sure1+3IslandNoAcacia mangium

ResidentialNot sure1+3IslandNoAcacia auriculiformis

Land UseStatusAcreage

Locations

ScaleControl-led?

Scientific Name

From: EXPERIMENTAL ERADICATIONS OF POTENTIALLY INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON THE ISLAND OF MAUI, HAWAII, 2006

Forest Starr, Kim Starr1, and Lloyd L. Loope

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Num

ber

of

spec

ies

Method of introduction of theMethod of introduction of the1150 non-native species in California1150 non-native species in California

How do they get here?How do they get here?

Nursery Growers Voluntary Codes of ConductNursery Growers Voluntary Codes of Conduct

Hawaii Weed Risk AssessmentsHawaii Weed Risk Assessments

forage, feed,

erosion control

ornamental

seed contaminant

unknown

aquarium

Jubata GrassJubata Grass ( (Cortaderia Cortaderia species)species)

Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!

Dark greenDark green leaves leaves (C. jubata)(C. jubata)Both are sharply toothed and can cut when rubbed the wrong way!Both are sharply toothed and can cut when rubbed the wrong way!

Narrow bluish-green leavesNarrow bluish-green leaves (C. selloana) (C. selloana)

Jubata GrassJubata Grass ( (Cortaderia Cortaderia species)species)



Grows in a bunchGrows in a bunch

Fountain GrassFountain GrassPennisetum setaceumPennisetum setaceum

Fountain GrassFountain GrassPennisetum setaceumPennisetum setaceum


Red flowers shaped like a Red flowers shaped like a bottle-cleaning brushbottle-cleaning brush


Fountain Grass Fountain Grass LOOK-ALIKE!LOOK-ALIKE!

Red Fountain Grass Red Fountain Grass (Pennisetum macrostachyum)(Pennisetum macrostachyum)

Molasses grass Molasses grass (Melinus minutiflora)(Melinus minutiflora)

Ivy GourdIvy GourdCoccinia grandis


- Star shaped flowers- Star shaped flowers- Red Fruit 1-3 in long- Red Fruit 1-3 in long

Ivy GourdIvy GourdCoccinia grandis


Variable leavesVariable leaves


Ivy GourdIvy Gourd LOOK-ALIKE!LOOK-ALIKE!

Bitter melonBitter melon

(Momordica charantia)(Momordica charantia)

Rubber VineRubber VineCryptostegia spp.


- Purple funnel shaped flowers- Purple funnel shaped flowers-Glossy leavesGlossy leaves

- Produce white latex sapProduce white latex sap

Rubber VineRubber VineCryptostegia spp.



Rubber VineRubber Vine LOOK-ALIKE!LOOK-ALIKE!

Purple AlamandaPurple Alamanda

(Allamanda violacea)(Allamanda violacea)

Brazilian jasmineBrazilian jasmine

(Mandevilla sanderi)(Mandevilla sanderi)

CoquiCoqui((Eleutherodactylus coquiEleutherodactylus coqui))


Coqui Coqui LOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!

Greenhouse frogGreenhouse frog((Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus

planirostrisplanirostris)


CoquiCoqui((Eleutherodactylus coquiEleutherodactylus coqui))


Coqui Coqui LOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!

Greenhouse frogGreenhouse frog((Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus

planirostrisplanirostris)


Bulbul

New non-native birds New non-native birds Red-vented BulbulRed-vented Bulbul


Pycnonotus Pycnonotus cafercafer

New non-native birds New non-native birds Red-vented BulbulRed-vented Bulbul


Yellow-billed cardinal

New non-native birds New non-native birds Yellow-billed cardinalYellow-billed cardinal


Paroaria capitata

http://www.reportapest.org/

Yellow-billed cardinalYellow-billed cardinal LOOK-ALIKE!LOOK-ALIKE!


Yellow-billed Paroaria capitata

Red crested Paroaria coronota

Little Fire AntLittle Fire Ant((Wasmannia auropunctataWasmannia auropunctata))


LFA



Little Fire AntLittle Fire AntLOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!

Tropical fire antTropical fire ant((Solenopsis geminataSolenopsis geminata))

3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in)3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in)



Tetramorium Tetramorium ant ant

((Tetramorium Tetramorium simillimumsimillimum)


LFA



Pig blinded from Pig blinded from LFA bitesLFA bites

Entire colony of LFA in a Entire colony of LFA in a Macadamia nutshellMacadamia nutshell

Cacao tree infested Cacao tree infested with LFAwith LFA

Fire ant bitesFire ant bites

LFA Impacts: Quality of life, agriculture, LFA Impacts: Quality of life, agriculture, and ecologicaland ecological

LFA



Location of Survey: (Example- 123 Olinda Rd., Makawao, HI, makai side of garden)

Date (month, date, year):

Collector Name and affliliation:

Collector Phone #:

Observations: Did the ant sting? Is ant slow or fast? Are nests visible?

Finding LFAFinding LFAPeanut butter trapsPeanut butter trapsFinding LFAFinding LFAPeanut butter trapsPeanut butter traps

1) Peanut butter chopstick bait

2) Leave for 2 hours in area that you

suspect LFA

3) Carefully place ant covered chopstick in

ziplock with label

4) Freeze ants overnight

4) Take your ant sample to HDOA at the airport or call MISC 573-PEST to arrange for a pick-up.

Finding LFAFinding LFAPlaces you might find LFAPlaces you might find LFA

WaysidesWaysides New LandscapingNew Landscaping

Nurseries/ Fruit StandsNurseries/ Fruit StandsShipments from infested Shipments from infested

areas of Big Islandareas of Big Island

Don’t Forget!Don’t Forget!


Tropical fire antTropical fire ant((Solenopsis geminataSolenopsis geminata))

3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in)3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in)



Tetramorium ant Tetramorium ant ((Tetramorium Tetramorium simillimumsimillimum)


Alien algaes

Alien AlgaesAlien AlgaesInvestigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!

Alien AlgaesAlien AlgaesInvestigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!

SUPERSUPER

SUCKERSUCKER

Alien Algaes: Gorilla OgoAlien Algaes: Gorilla Ogo((Gracilaria saliconriaGracilaria saliconria))


Gorilla ogo



Gorilla ogo look alike

Gorilla OgoGorilla Ogo LOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!


Limu manauea Limu manauea

(Gracilaria coronopifolia)(Gracilaria coronopifolia)

Gorilla ogo look alike

Gorilla OgoGorilla Ogo LOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!


limu wawae'iole limu wawae'iole

(Codium edule)(Codium edule)

Alien Algaes: (Alien Algaes: (KappaphycusKappaphycus spp spp and and Euchema denticulatumEuchema denticulatum))


kappaphychus

Alien Algaes: (Alien Algaes: (KappaphycusKappaphycus spp spp and and Euchema denticulatumEuchema denticulatum))


Alien Algaes Alien Algaes ((KappaphycusKappaphycus spp) spp)


kappaphychus

kappap look alike

Kappa-carrageenanKappa-carrageenan LOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!


Hypnea musciformisHypnea musciformis

Kappa-carrageenanKappa-carrageenan LOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!


Acanthophora Acanthophora

spiciferaspicifera

Don’t Be a Vector!

BECOME MAUI’S EYES AND EARS!

WWW.REPORTAPEST.ORGWWW.REPORTAPEST.ORG

Spread the Word, Not the Weed!Spread the Word, Not the Weed!

Elizabeth Speith, USGS-Pacific Basin Information Elizabeth Speith, USGS-Pacific Basin Information Node, [email protected], 984-3716Node, [email protected], 984-3716

Lissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee, Lissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee, [email protected], [email protected], 573-MISC

Be Maui's Eyes and Ears- Invasive Plant and Animal Identification Training for Natural Resource...

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