BCGS Nghia Tin Binh Dinh

Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011

MC LCMC LC.....................................................................................................................i DANH MC CC BNG...........................................................................................iv DANH MC CC HNH.............................................................................................v DANH MC CH VIT TT.....................................................................................v M U......................................................................................................................1 PHN 1 - THNG TIN CHUNG.................................................................................3 1.1. THNG TIN LIN LC....................................................................................3 1.2. A IM HOT NG..................................................................................3 1.3 TNH CHT V QUY M HOT NG........................................................4 1.3.1 Sn phm v quy m ....................................................................................4 1.3.2 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ti Cng ty......................................................4 1.3.3 Danh mc my mc, thit b..........................................................................6 1.4 NHU CU NGUYN LIU V NHIN LIU..................................................8 1.4.1 Nhu cu nguyn, nhin liu v ha cht........................................................8 1.4.2 Nhu cu nc phc v sinh hot v sn xut.................................................8 1.4.3 Nhu cu s dng in....................................................................................9 1.4.4 Nhu cu lao ng...........................................................................................9 PHN II - CC NGUN GY TC NG MI TRNG V CC BIN PHP KIM SOT ANG THC HIN............................................................................10 2.1. CC VN MI TRNG PHT SINH...................................................10 2.1.1. Ngun gy nhim khng kh....................................................................10 2.1.1.1 Bi g.......................................................................................................10 2.1.1.2 Bi sn v hi dung mi...........................................................................10 2.1.1.3 Kh thi t my pht in d phng..........................................................11 2.1.1.4 Kh thi t cc hot ng khc .................................................................13 2.1.1.5 Ting n v nhit .................................................................................13 2.1.2 Nc thi.....................................................................................................13 Nc ma chy trn.............................................................................................13 Nc thi sinh hot...............................................................................................14Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 Nc thi sn xut................................................................................................15 2.1.3 Cht thi rn................................................................................................15 Cht thi sinh hot................................................................................................15 Cht thi rn sn xut khng nguy hi..................................................................15 Cht thi nguy hi.................................................................................................15 2.1.4 S c mi trng.........................................................................................16 2.2 BIN PHP KIM SOT ANG P DNG TI CNG TY........................17 2.2.1. Cc bin php kim sot mi trng khng kh..........................................17 2.2.1.1. i vi bi g..........................................................................................17 2.2.1.2. i vi hi dung mi v bi sn.............................................................17 2.2.1.3. Khng ch kh thi t my pht in d phng.......................................17 2.2.1.4. Khng ch ting n..................................................................................18 2.2.2 Cc bin php kim sot mi trng nc..................................................18 2.2.2.1 Nc thi sinh hot...................................................................................18 2.2.2.2 nc thi t qu trnh luc g...................................................................20 2.2.3 Cc bin php kim sot cht thi rn..........................................................21 2.2.4 Phng v ng cu s c...............................................................................21 2.2.4.1 Bin php phng chng chy n...............................................................21 2.2.4.2 An ton lao ng v v sinh lao ng.......................................................22 PHN 3 - NI DUNG GIM ST V KT QU...................................................23 3.1 NI DUNG GIM ST....................................................................................23 3.1.1 Gim st cht lng mi trng nc.........................................................23 3.1.2 Gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh.....................................................24 3.2 KT QU GIM ST, NHN XT V NH GI.....................................24 3.2.1 Mi trng khng kh..................................................................................24 3.2.2 Mi trng nc .........................................................................................26 3.2.2.1. Cht lng nc cp cho sinh hot..........................................................26 3.2.2.2. Cht lng nc cp cho n ung............................................................28 3.2.2.3. Cht lng nc thi sinh hot v sn xut.............................................30 3.2.3 Cht thi rn................................................................................................31Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 3.2.4 An ton v sinh lao ng v phng chng chy n:.....................................32 3.3 VN TN TI V BIN PHP KHC PHC........................................32 PHN 4 - KT LUN KIN NGH.......................................................................33 4.1. KT LUN......................................................................................................33 4.2. KIN NGH......................................................................................................33 PH LC....................................................................................................................34

Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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DANH MC CC BNGBng 1.1: Quy hoch s dng t v cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng chnh............3 Bng 1.2: Cng sut sn xut ti Cng ty......................................................................4 Bng 1.3: Danh mc my mc, thit b phc v sn xut ca Cng ty..........................6 Bng 1.4: Danh mc nguyn, nhin liu v ha cht.....................................................8 Bng 2.1: H s nhim trong qu trnh sn..............................................................10 Bng 2.2: Ti lng cc cht nhim.........................................................................11 Bng 2.3: H s nhim do my pht in.................................................................11 Bng 2.4: Ti lng nhim t my pht in...........................................................12 Bng 2.5: Nng ca kh thi pht sinh do my pht in.......................................12 Bng 2.6: Thnh phn v tnh cht c trng ca nc thi sinh hot........................14 Bng 2.7: Tng hp cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trung bnh trong 1 thng.................16 Bng 3.1: Kt qu phn tch ting n, bi, hi v kh khu vc xung quanh v trong xng sn xut............................................................................................................25 Bng 3.2: Kt qu phn tch kh thi ti ngun ti Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn 26 Bng 3.3: Kt qu phn tch nc cp cho sinh hot sau x l ..................................27 Bng 3.4: Kt qu phn tch nc cp cho n ung sau x l ti Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn..............................................................................................................28 Bng 3.5: Kt qu phn tch nc thi ti h ga cui cng.........................................31


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DANH MC CC HNHHnh 1.1: S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut...............................................................5 ....................................................................................................................................19 Hnh 2.1: S cu to b t hoi ba ngn.................................................................19 Hnh 2.2: Quy trnh x l nc thi luc g................................................................20

DANH MC CH VIT TTCTNH XLNT Q BYT KKXQ VSL BOD5 COD PCCN TNHH CCN QCVN XLNT Cht thi nguy hi X l nc thi Quyt nh B Y t Khng kh xung quanh V sinh lao ng Nhu cu oxy sinh ha Nhu cu oxy ha hc Phng chng chy n Trch nhim hu hn Cm cng nghip Quy chun vit nam X l nc thi


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M UMi trng l thnh phn quan trng thc y qu trnh pht trin ca loi ngi. Ngy nay, vn mi trng khng cn ca mt T chc yu mi trng no m tr thnh vn cp thit ca ton nhn loi. Vit Nam nhng nm gn y y mnh thc hin cc chin lc bo v mi trng, p dng trong hu ht cc ngnh ngh, c bit i vo chiu su hn cc ngnh cng nghip. Trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn lun quan tm n cng tc bo v mi trng, duy tr cc gii php gim thiu nhim mi trng, lun m bo khng xy ra cc s c gy nhim mi trng nh hng n mi trng v con ngi ti khu vc. Thc hin ng cc qui nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam v bo v mi trng v hng dn ca Phng Ti nguyn v mi trng huyn Tuy Phc tnh Bnh nh, tun th ng k hoch gim st cht lng mi trng nh k hng nm ti cc n v sn xut kinh doanh thuc Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn (tn sut 6 thng/ln) c thc hin vi s h tr t vn v chuyn mn ca Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Mi trng Nng Lm. Qua bo co gim st mi trng ti Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn nhm nh gi hin trng v din bin mi trng cc khu vc ny trong thng 11 nm 2011. Cc kt qu o c c s l c s cc c quan chc nng nh gi v cng tc bo v mi trng ti Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn, v y cng l c s cc n v bit r hn v hin trng mi trng ti khu vc sn xut, t c th ra cc bin php gim thiu cc yu t nhim pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh hiu qu nhm t cc tiu chun mi trng theo quy nh. Chng trnh gim st mi trng c thc hin c th nh sau - n v ch qun: Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn - n v gim st: Phng Ti nguyn & Mi trng Huyn Tuy Phc - Tnh Bnh nh - n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng Ngh Mi Trng Nng Lm. - Thi gian thc hin: 11/2011 - Phng php v thit b: Theo tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh. Cc ni dung nh gi - Cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh, mi trng lao ng, kh thi ti ngun.Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 - Cht lng nc thi, nc ng v nc ngm - Chng trnh qun l cht thi. Tiu chun, quy chun nh gi: Cc tiu chun, quy chun Nh Nc Vit Nam v mi trng: - QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh. - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v ting n - QCVN 24:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip - Quyt nh 3733/2002/Q-BYT Tiu chun v v sinh lao ng. - QCVN 01:2009/BYT - QCVN 02:2009/BYT


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PHN 1 - THNG TIN CHUNG1.1. THNG TIN LIN LC Tn Cng ty: CNG TY TRCH NHIM HU HN G NGHA TN a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, huyn Tuy Phc, tnh Bnh nh. in thoi: 056.3733778 Ngi i din Php lut ca Cng ty: ng Hunh L i Phc 1.2. A IM HOT NG V tr khu t: Cng ty c xy dng ti Cm cng nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh Quy hoch s dng t v cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng chnh ca khu vc sn xut Cng ty c th hin bng 1.1 Bng 1.1: Quy hoch s dng t v cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng chnh STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Danh mc s dng Bi g trn Phn xng s ch Phn xng tinh ch Show room Khu vc vn phng Kho nguyn liu Kho thnh phm Khu vc sy g ng ni b Cy xanh, thm c Din tch (m2) 2.800 3.200 3.360 900 1.200 1.600 2.304 1.260 5.500 2.177 T l (%) 11,52 13,19 13,83 3,70 4,93 6,58 9,48 5,18 22,63 8,96

(Ngun: Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn, thng 11/2011)


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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 1.3 TNH CHT V QUY M HOT NG 1.3.1 Sn phm v quy m - Vn ng k kinh doanh: 10.000.000.000 ng (mi t ng). - Sn phm: Cc loi bn gh ngoi tri. - Th trng tiu th: Cung cp nhu cu trong nc v xut khu. Bng 1.2: Cng sut sn xut ti Cng ty STT 1 2 Sn phm Bn Gh Tng cng Cng sut (sn phm/nm) 8.000 32.000 40.000

(Ngun: Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn, thng 11/2011) 1.3.2 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ti Cng ty S quy trnh sn xut


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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 NGUYN LIU (G)

Nc

Luc g

Nc thi, bi, mi

Nc

X g

Bi, g vn, ting n

Nhi t

L sy

Kh thi

S ch

Bi, ting n, g vn

Tinh ch

Bi, ting n Bi, ting n

Lp rp

Sn

Hon chnh sn phm

Kh thi, VOC, bi, ting n

Lu kho

Hnh 1.1: S quy trnh cng ngh sn xutCng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh G c mua t cc n v trong nc hoc nhp khu t cc nc khc tp kt v bi cha g trn ti cng ty. Ty tng loi g m cng ty s tin hnh qu trnh luc g. G sau khi luc xong s chuyn qua cng on x g, ti y g s c x thnh khi, loi b g vn. G sau khi x c chuyn qua l sy nhm lm kh g. Sau g s c chuyn qua cng on s ch, ti y g c x nh, ch nhm thnh cc ming g nh ph hp vi thit k. Tip theo cc ming g ny c chuyn qua xng tinh ch, ti y s din ra cc qu trnh nh mi bng, sn sn phm, sau s tin hnh lp rp sn phm, kim tra v lu kho. 1.3.3 Danh mc my mc, thit b Bng 1.3: Danh mc my mc, thit b phc v sn xut ca Cng ty STT Phn xng Tn thit b My bo 2 mt My ct ngang My un p cong 1 S ch My ca lng My chut cht My phay 2 u My tubi My hy bi 2 Tinh ch My ct phay 2 u My ct tinh My mng dng My c My mng m t ng My khoan ng S lng 2 3 3 6 4 2 4 2 2 1 5 7 3 3 Ngun gc i Loan i Loan Vit Nam Vit Nam i Loan Italia Italia Vit Nam i Loan i Loan Italia Italia Italia i Loan


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My khoan n My ch nhm thng My nn kh My ht v x l bi My ch nhm thng 3 Lp rp trm vt My ct cht My ch nhm a My khoan bn Dy chuyn sn 4 Hon chnh sn My nn kh phm H thng ht v x l bi sn My ng ai 5 6 Hu cn Vn phng My ca CD My ca mm My pht in

2 6 3 4 2 2 1 1 3 1 8 10 8 8 1

Vit Nam i Loan c Vit Nam i Loan i Loan Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam c Vit Nam i Loan Vit Nam Vit Nam c

(Ngun: Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn, thng 11/2011)


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1.4 NHU CU NGUYN LIU V NHIN LIU 1.4.1 Nhu cu nguyn, nhin liu v ha cht Bng 1.4: Danh mc nguyn, nhin liu v ha cht STT 1 2 3 Nguyn, nhin liu v ha cht G trn Ha cht Du DO S lng 3.120 2,04 1.680 n v tnh Tn Tn lt

(Ngun: Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn, thng 11/2011) 1.4.2 Nhu cu nc phc v sinh hot v sn xut Ngun cung cp: 2 ngun Nc cp: n ung Nc ngm: nc v sinh, lau sn, toilet, luc g, cha chy

Nhu cu s dng Nhu cu s dng nc c tnh ton nh sau: Nc dng cho sinh hot: Tng s cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty l 250 ngi, nh vy lng nc s dng l: Qsh= (S cn b CNV) x (Tiu chun dng nc) Tiu chun dng nc (Theo tiu chun xy dng TCXDVN 33:2006 B Xy Dng ban hnh ngy 17 thng 03 nm 2006 v Cp nc mng li ng ng cng trnh) i vi phn xng l 60 lt/ngi. Qsh= 250 x 60= 15 m3 Nc dng cho luc g: nhu cu nc dng cho luc g khong 4 m3/ngy Nc dng cho PCCC: q=10 lt/s, theo TCVN 2633:1995, s m chy xy ra ng thi l 1 m chy, nh vy lu lng cn d tr cha chy lin tc trong vng 10 pht Qcc= 6 m3 Nc dng cho n ung khong 1m3/ngy. Tng nhu cu nc cho cng ty ngy ln nht (khng tnh lng nc dng cha chy):Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 Q=15+4+1= 20 m3/ngy 1.4.3 Nhu cu s dng in in c s dng cho mc ch chiu sng v vn hnh cc my mc, thit b vi nhu cu khong 150.000 kwh/thng (theo ha n tin in thng 09/2011). Ngun in phc v trong Cng ty c ly t in lc Bnh nh thng qua trm in c xy dng ti cng ty. 1.4.4 Nhu cu lao ng Tng s cn b, cng nhn vin ca cng ty: 250 ngi, trong : Cng, nhn vin trc tip tham gia sn xut: 230 ngi. Cn b vn phng, bo v: 20 ngi.


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PHN II - CC NGUN GY TC NG MI TRNG V CC BIN PHP KIM SOT ANG THC HIN2.1. CC VN MI TRNG PHT SINH 2.1.1. Ngun gy nhim khng kh 2.1.1.1 Bi g Bi l kha cnh mi trng ng k nht ti Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn. Bi g pht sinh t hu ht cc cng on: gia cng th (ca, ct, bo tin, loi bi ny c kch thc ln, c khi ti hng ngn m); cng on gia cng tinh (ch nhm, nh bng, loi bi ny ti lng khng ln, kch thc rt nh, thng khong 220 m). Theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca t chc y t th gii th khi bc d v ct 1 tn g nguyn liu sinh ra 0,187 kg bi, khi nh hnh 1 tn g sinh ra 6,5 kg bi v khi ch nhm v nh bng 1 m2 g to ra 0,05 kg bi. Hng nm Cng ty nh bng khong trn 3.000 tn g. Nh vy, lng bi sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut ca Cng ty khong 20,28 tn/nm hay 55,6 kg/ngy. Ti lng ny l kh ln. Bi vo phi gy kch thch c hc pht sinh phn ng x ha phi gy nn cc bnh h hp cho cng nhn trc tip sn xut v cn nh hng ti dn c xung quanh. Do , Cng ty quan tm v ra bin php kim sot hiu qu bng h thng x l bi. 2.1.1.2 Bi sn v hi dung mi Cng on sn lt v sn ph c pht sinh kh nhiu bi sn cng hi dung mi. Khi lng sn Cng ty s dng trong mt nm khong 2,04 tn hay khong 6 kg sn cho mt ngy. Da trn h s nhim v lng sn tiu th ta c th tnh c ti lng hi dung mi v bi sn ca Cng ty. Theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca t chc Y t th gii (WHO): Bng 2.1: H s nhim trong qu trnh sn Loi sn H s nhim (kg/tn sn) Bi sn Pain coating 60 - 80 VOC 550

(Ngun: Assessment of Sourcer of Air, water and land pollution Word helth organization, geneva 1993 part one)


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Bng 2.2: Ti lng cc cht nhim Loi sn Ti lng (kg/ngy) Bi sn Pain coating 66 - 88 VOC 601

(Ngun: Assessment of Sourcer of Air, water and land pollution Word helth organization, geneva 1993 part one) Dung mi pha sn ca Cng ty ch yu l este (butul acetate, etyl acetate) v toluene. Cc dung mi ny nu tip xc nhiu s gy nh hng xu ti sc khe con ngi. C th: - Tc hi ca este: khi tip xc vi este nng cao c th gy bun nn, ngt th dn ti ngt. Tip xc vi da gy d ng. - Tc hi ca Toluen: gy vim gic mc, kh th, nhc u v bun nn. Tip xc trong thi gian di c th dn ti cc bnh nhc u mn tnh v cc bnh v ng mu (ung th mu). 2.1.1.3 Kh thi t my pht in d phng Nh my trang b mt my pht in d phng cng sut 100KVA, phc v cho hot ng ca vn phng khi xy ra s c v in hoc mt in t xut. Trong qu trnh hot ng, my pht in d phng s pht sinh mt lng kh nhim. Tuy nhin vi thi gian vn hnh khng nhiu (ch vn hnh khi xy ra s c v in) nn mc nhim m my pht in gy ra l khng nhiu. Ngun gy tc ng ny khng thng xuyn. Trong qu trnh vn hnh kh thi t my pht c cha bi than (C), dioxt lu hunh (SO2), Oxt nit (NOx), Oxt ccbon (CO), hydrocacbon tng (THC) v andehyt (RHO). Cc tc nhn trn gy nhim khng kh cho khu vc nh my v khu vc xung quanh. Da trn cc h s ti lng ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO): Bng 2.3: H s nhim do my pht in Thng s H s (kg/tn) Bi 0,71 SO2 20S NOx 9,62 CO 2,19

(Ngun: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993) Ghi ch: S: hm lng lu hunh trong du DO l 0,25%.Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 nh mc tiu th nhin liu cho cho my pht in l 350g/KVA (nhin liu tnh ton l du DO). Vi cng sut ph ti cn p ng l 100 KVA th lng nhin liu cn thit l 35 kg/h. Da theo bng trn, ta c th tnh ton c ti lng cht nhim pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca my pht in trong bng di y: Bng 2.4: Ti lng nhim t my pht in Thng s Ti lng (g/h) Bi 24,9 SO2 175 NOx 336,7 CO 76,65

Lng kh t chy 1 kg du DO l 38 Nm3. Nh vy, lng kh thi pht sinh khi t chy 35 kg du DO l 1330 Nm3. Trn c s tnh ton ti lng v lu lng c th tnh c nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi do my pht in pht sinh. Kt qu tnh ton c th hin trong bng sau y: Bng 2.5: Nng ca kh thi pht sinh do my pht in Nng mg/Nm3 18,7 131,6 253,2 57,6 QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT Ct B; Kp=1,0; Kv=0,1 (mg/Nm3) 200 500 850 1.000

STT

Cht nhim

1 2 3 4 Ghi ch: -

Bi SO2 NOx CO

Nm3: m3 kh thi chun, l m3 kh thi nhit 250C v p sut tuyt i 760mm thy ngn QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c; Ct B: p dng cho c s c xy dng mi.

So snh nng kh thi pht sinh t my pht in vi QCVN 19:2009/BTNMt (ct B) thy rng hu ht cc ch tiu pht thi u nm trong tiu chun mi trng cho php. Do , kh thi t my pht in c x trc tip vo mi trng m khng phi quaCng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 thit b x l, tuy nhin kh thi ny thng c nhit cao v nng cng ln hn nhiu so vi tiu chun cho php trong mi trng lao ng do ch d n s sp xp ni t my pht in thng thong, cch xa khu vc c nhiu ngi nng kh thi t my pht in v nhit khng gy nh hng xu n cng nhn vin trong cng ty. 2.1.1.4 Kh thi t cc hot ng khc Cc hot ng ca xe c ra vo bc d hng ha, vn chuyn nguyn vt liu cng sinh ra bi l lng, hi xng du r r, gy nhim khng kh. Cc hot ng sinh hot nh ca cn b cng nhn vin ti Cng ty nh n ung v v sinh cng cng sinh ra mi t thc n d tha nh hng cht lng khng kh xung quanh. Nhn chung, cc loi kh thi ny nh hng c tnh cht cc b v khng nhiu. Cng ty s p dng cc gii php ph hp nhm kim sot cc loi kh thi ny, gim thiu ti a tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng. 2.1.1.5 Ting n v nhit Ting n Ting n pht sinh t cc hot ng my mc, va chm c hc v ting n t cng nhn, trong ch yu l ting n do my mc (my ca, bo, ct, ch nhm) My mc trong quy trnh ch bin g hu ht u pht sinh ting n kh cao. Ting n nh hng nhiu nht n sc kho cng nhn ang hot ng trong khu vc. Ting n vt tiu chun qui nh lm gim nng sut lao ng, gy mt mi, cm gic kh chu, nh hng thnh gic, gim kh nng tp trung d dn n tai nn lao ng. Nhit Nhit cao do bc x mt tri xuyn qua mi tn v nhit pht sinh t my mc, cng nhn. Nhit cao s gy nn nhng bin i v sinh l c th, mt nc v mui khong do ra m hi, gy kh chu, mt mi. Nhit cao cng lm tim hot ng nhiu, chc nng ca thn v h thn kinh trung ng cng b nh hng, gy tc hi n sc khe v lm gim nng sut lao ng. 2.1.2 Nc thi Nc ma chy trn Nc ma chy trn trong khun vin cng ty s cun theo cc cht cn b, cc cht hu c v t ct xung cng thot nc.Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 Tuy nhin so vi nc thi, nc ma kh sch, v vy c th tch ring bit ng nc ma ra khi nc thi m khng cn x l. ng thot nc ma c b phn chn rc trc khi ra h thng thot nc ca khu vc. Nc thi sinh hot Nc thi sinh hot ca Cng ty bao gm nc thi t nh v sinh, bn ra tay. Lng nc thi ny ch yu cha cc cht cn b, cc cht dinh dng (N, P), cc cht rn l lng (SS), cc cht hu c (BOD5, COD) v cc vi khun. Vi s lng cng nhn vin Cng ty l 250 ngi th lu lng nc thi sinh hot c c tnh khong 15 m3/ngy (ly bng 100% lng nc cp theo ngh nh 88/2007/N-CP). Nng cc cht nhim ca nc thi sinh hot th hin trong bng di y: Bng 2.6: Thnh phn v tnh cht c trng ca nc thi sinh hot STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pH BOD5 COD SS Amoni (tnh theo N) Phosphat (PO43-) tnh theo P Coliforms Ch tiu n v tnh mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L Gi tr 6,8 220 180-360 80-160 15 - 34 6 - 14 QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (Gi tr C, ct B) 5-9 30 50 50 5 6 3.000

MPN/100mL 6.000 7.500

(Ngun : Trung tm Cng ngh Mi trng ENTEC v QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT) Bng s liu trn cho thy nc thi sinh hot c hu ht cc ch tiu nhim vt gi tr cho php theo QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, gi tr C, ct B, do lng nc thi sinh hot ca Cng ty s c x l thch hp trc khi x vo h thng thot nc dn ra mng li thot nc chung ca khu vc.


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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 Nc thi sn xut Lng nc thi sn xut ti cng ty xut pht t vic luc g, lu lng nc thi mi ngy l 4 m3. Lng nc thi ny c cng ty x l hon ton trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn. 2.1.3 Cht thi rn Cht thi sinh hot Cht thi rn sinh hot gm rc thi sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin Cng ty. Thnh phn bao gm cc hp cht hu c nh thc n tha, v tri cy v v lon, hp, bao b, giy c tnh lng rc thi trung bnh ti Cng ty khong 0,5 kg/ngi/ngy. Nh vy lng rc thi sinh hot ca Cng ty khong 125 kg/ngy (tng cn b cng nhn vin ti Cng ty l 250 ngi). Rc sinh hot cha nhiu cht hu c d b phn hy. Lng rc thi ny nu khng c thu gom, vn chuyn v x l s gy nhim mi trng, lm mt m quan ti khu vc cng ty. Cht thi rn sn xut khng nguy hi Cc loi g thi b v mc ca. Lng cht thi rn ny rt ln tuy nhin Cng ty c bin php x l. i vi cht thi rn t qu trnh sn xut (bao b, lon hp, giy nhm ): b tr thng rc t ti nhiu ni hp l v c thu gom bi mng li thu gom ca CCN. Cht thi nguy hi Cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trong hot ng ca Cng ty gm bng n hunh quang hng, bao b dnh ha cht, gi lau dnh du nht thi,vi khi lng cht thi nguy hi pht sinh th hin c th ti bng bn di.


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Bng 2.7: Tng hp cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trung bnh trong 1 thng STT 1 2 3 4 5 Thnh phn rc thi Gi lau dnh du m Bng n hunh quang hng Hp mc in Du nht thi Cn sn Tng Khi lng (kg/thng) 5 2,5 0,5 12 2 22 (Ngun: Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn, thng 11/2011) 2.1.4 S c mi trng Chy n Nguyn liu dng trong qu trnh sn xut l g, sn v dung mi, du DO. y l cc ngun gy nguy c chy n rt cao, c bit l g. Ngoi ra, cc my mc, h thng dy in cng tim n nguy c chy n rt cao. Khi c s c chy n xy ra s gy thit hi nng n v ti sn, tnh mng v gy hu qu nhim mi trng trn din rng. Do , Cng ty cng thc hin nhiu bin php phng chng chy n nhm ng cu kp thi, trnh nhng hu qu ng tic. Tai nn lao ng Hot ng sn xut vi cc my mc t ng rt d gy tai nn lao ng nu cng nhn khng tun th nghim ngt cc ni quy an ton lao ng. Cng ty lun ch trng nhc nh cng nhn trong qu trnh sn xut nhm hn ch thp nht nhng tai nn lao ng xy ra, ng thi b tr phng tin s cu ti ch ngi b tai nn. Tnh nguy hi Nguy hi Nguy hi Nguy hi Nguy hi Nguy hi M CTNH 18 02 01 16 01 06 08 02 04 17 02 04 08 01 03


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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 2.2 BIN PHP KIM SOT ANG P DNG TI CNG TY 2.2.1. Cc bin php kim sot mi trng khng kh 2.2.1.1. i vi bi g i vi Cng ty ch bin g, ngun nhim bi l quan trng nht. Bi ch yu l bi g, pht sinh trong nhiu cng on vi kch thc khc nhau. hn ch tc ng ca bi, Cng ty p dng cc bin php x l. C th Cng ty lp t h thng chp ht thu hi bi ti cc ngun pht sinh a v nh cha bi. Ton b bi pht sinh t cng on sn xut di tc dng ca qut ht c cng sut 50Hp theo h thng ng ng a v nh cha bi. Lng bi ny s c thu gom v s dng cho cc l sy. i vi cc loi bi c kch thc nh v nh hn ti cc khu my ch nhm, Cng ty s dng lc bi ti vi x l. Bi pht sinh t cc my ch nhm c thu gom bng h thng qut ht chuyn ti thit b lc ti vi. Bi trong khng kh i qua vi lc s b gi li v hnh thnh mt lp bi bm trn mt vi cng ngy cng dy, theo nh k lng bi ny s c x ra ngn thu gom v em i x l. S lng lc bi ti vi ca Cng ty l 12 chic cho 3 nh xng, hiu qu x l ca lc bi ti vi t 90 95% k c cc loi bi c kch thc nh hn 5m. Ngoi cc bin php nu trn Cng ty s thc hin thm mt s bin php nhm hn ch nhim bi nh sau: i vi bi ri vi trong xng sn xut Cng ty dng my ht bi thu gom i vi cc cng nhn lm vic ti cc khu vc c nng bi cao nh khu vc ct, ch nhm s c trang b bo h lao ng v khu trang chng bi. Ngoi ra, xung quanh cng ty cn trng cy xanh v thm c to vng m hn ch bi pht tn ra mi trng xung quanh.

2.2.1.2. i vi hi dung mi v bi sn x l hi dung mi v bi sn trong cng on sn bng sn phm, Cng ty s dng h thng ht v x l bi sn. Ton b hi dung mi v bi sn s c x l hon ton. 2.2.1.3. Khng ch kh thi t my pht in d phng Do my pht in ca Cng ty c ti lng v nng cc cht nhim nh v hot ng khng thng xuyn nn Cng ty s dng bin php khng ch bng cch t my pht in ti ni thng thong, t cng nhn.


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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 2.2.1.4. Khng ch ting n Cc my mc thit b c s dng trong qu trnh sn xut ca Cng ty to ra ting n kh ln, do ting n s lm nh hng n cc cng nhn trc tip sn xut v khu dn c xung quanh. khng ch ting n, Cng ty thc hin cc bin php sau: B tr cc my mc trong dy chuyn mt cch hp l, trnh cc my gy n cng hot ng mt lc gy cng hng ting n. Thng xuyn kim tra my mc, mi mn cc chi tit my, lun tra du m bi trn cc my v thay th cc chi tit b mi mn. i vi cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc c n ln c trang b nt tai chng n Xung quanh nh my c xy dng tng c chiu cao 2,5m v b dy 15cm. ng thi trng thm cy xanh, thm c cho nhng ni cha c lng cy xanh thch hp nhm to vng m hn ch ting n lan truyn ra mi trng xung quanh lm nh hng n cng ng dn c.

2.2.2 Cc bin php kim sot mi trng nc 2.2.2.1 Nc thi sinh hot i vi nc thi phn v nc tiu c thu gom n b t hoi 3 ngn. i vi nc thi t cc ngun khc nh: nc thi t chu ra, nh tm s qua li chn rc v c thi trc tip vo cng thot nc thi.

Chi tit b t hoi 3 ngn Nguyn tc hot ng ca b l lng cn v phn hy k kh cn lng, cn lng c gi li trong b 6 thng, di nh hng ca cc vi sinh vt, cc cht hu c b phn gii, mt phn to thnh cc cht kh v mt phn to thnh cc cht v c ha tan. Hiu qu x l ca b ny theo cht l lng t 65 - 70% v BOD5 l 60 - 65%. Ngn u tin ca b t hoi c chc nng tch cn ra khi nc thi. Cn lng di y b b phn hy ym kh khi y b, khong 6 thng s dng, cn ny c ht ra theo hp ng vi n v c chc nng a i x l. Nc thi v cn l lng theo dng chy sang ngn th hai. ngn ny, cn tip tc lng xung y, nc c vi sinh ym kh phn hy lm sch cc cht hu c trong nc. Sau , nc chy sang ngn th ba v thot ra ngoi. Nc thi sau khi ra khi b t hoi s c u ni vo h ga thu gom nc thi ca doanh nghip v u i vo h thng thu gom nc thi ti khu vc x c Ha H, huyn c Ha. u im ca b t hoi l c cu to n gin, qun l d dng v c hiu qu x l tng i cao. Do lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh kh t nn hiu sut x l nc thi sinh hot khi quaCng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 b t hoi s t QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, gi tr C, ct B, trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn.

Hnh 2.1: S cu to b t hoi ba ngn


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2.2.2.2 nc thi t qu trnh luc g S cng ngh Nc thi luc g B thu gom nc thi luc g B cha 1 Ha cht keo t B keo t, lng B lc ct 1 B cha 2 B x l sinh hc Ngun tip Ha cht oxi ha nhn, QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT gi tr C, ct B B cha 3 Hnh 2.2: Quy trnh x l nc thi luc g ha cht keo t Thuyt minh cng ngh x l nc thi B lc ct 2 Nc thi t qu trnh luc g c dn sang b thu gom nc thi luc g, nc thi s c lu trong thi gian t 30-45 pht. Sau lng nc thi ny c dn qua b cha 1, ti y s din ra 2 qu trnh: lng mt phn hm lng cht rn l lng c trong nc thi v n nh lu lng cng nh nng cc cht nhim c trong nc thi. Nc thi s c bm ln b keo t, ti y s cung cp ha cht keo t nhm lng phn ln cht rn l lng c trong nc thi. Lng bn sinh ra mt phn s c tun hon vo b cha 2, phn cn d s c lu tr ti sn phi bn. Nc thi sau s c dn qua b lc ct 1. Sau nc thi c dn qua b cha 2 v bm vo b x l sinh hc. Ti y cc cht hu c cn tn ti trong nc thi s c cc vi sinh vt hiu kh s dng lm thc n. Nc sau khi qua b sinh hc s c dn qua b cha 3, ti y s cung cp ha cht x l cc ha cht keo t cn st li trong nc thi. Sau nc thi c dn qua b lc ct 2 trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn. Nc thi sau x l t QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, gi tr C, ct B.Cng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

Bn

Sn phi bn

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 2.2.3 Cc bin php kim sot cht thi rn Cht thi sinh hot Hp ng vi n v thu gom ca CCN Phc An thu gom v x l lng cht thi sinh hot pht sinh

Cht thi rn sn xut G b v mt ca g: S dng lm cht t ti cc l sy Cht thi rn sn xut khng nguy hi khc: b tr cc thng rc thu gom, tn dng bn ph liu hoc hp ng vi n v thu gom x l.

Cht thi rn nguy hi c phn loi, thu gom, lu tr ti cng ty nhng cha k hp ng vi n v n v chc nng x l ng quy nh. Trong thi gian ti cng ty s lin h vi n v chc nng x l CTNH v ng k s ch ngun thi CTNH theo ng quy nh ca Thng t s 12/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 14/4/2011 quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi ca B ti nguyn v mi trng. 2.2.4 Phng v ng cu s c 2.2.4.1 Bin php phng chng chy n phng nga kh nng gy ra chy n v ng cu kp thi khi s c xy ra, Cng ty s p dng cc bin php sau: Xy dng h thng thu st. Trit tun theo cc quy nh v PCCC, chng st m Nh nc ban hnh. Kho cha vt liu, nhin liu d chy c b tr sn cc dng c cha chy, bnh cha chy, cc li thot him. Cc phng tin cha chy c b tr u ti phn xng theo ng phng chm d thy, d ly v d s dng. B tr cc s thot him ti khu vc mi ngi quan st thy. Thng xuyn kim tra, bo tr cc bin bo, bin cm la, ni quy PCCC, phng tin PCCC. Thng xuyn nhc nh cng nhn tun th cng tc phng chy cha chy. Dng c PCCC (bnh CO2, xng, thang, gu, my bm nc) ng ni qui nh,


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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 khng c t di chuyn hoc ly s dng vo vic khc. Sau khi dp la xong phi dng c vo v tr c v bo ngay cho cn b ph trch kim tra. 2.2.4.2 An ton lao ng v v sinh lao ng Cc loi my mc s dng ti cng ty rt d gy ra tai nn, nu cng nhn khng tun th nghim ngt nhng ni qui v an ton lao ng th d b xy ra cc tai nn. Cc tai nn lao ng c th xy ra do s bt cn v in, vn hnh my mc (my ca, my ch San i mt nhm, my ct,...). Xc sut xy ra cc s c ny ty thuc vo vic chp hnh cc ni bng qui v qui tc an ton trong lao ng. trnh tnh trng tai nn lao ng xy ra, cng ty thc hin cc bin php sau: Trang b y thit b bo h lao ng nh: khu trang, bao tay. Thng xuyn tp hun cho cn b cng nhn vin v v sinh an ton lao ng v hng dn bo h lao ng trc khi nhn cng tc. Xy dng ni qui an ton lao ng cho tng cng on sn xut, bin bo nhc nh ni sn xut nguy him.


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PHN 3 - NI DUNG GIM ST V KT QU3.1 NI DUNG GIM ST Chng trnh gim st gm nhng ni dung chnh sau: Kho st, thu thp, ly mu, o c cc thng s nhim trong khng kh xung quanh v kh thi khu vc sn xut Kim tra cht lng nc thi Kim tra cht lng nc cp, nc ngm nh gi cng tc qun l cht thi rn hin ti ang p dng Tng hp nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng t cc kt qu gim st ti v tr kho st chiu theo tiu chun, quy chun mi trng hin hnh nh gi kt qu cc hot ng bo v mi trng Cng ty ang thc hin Nhn xt nhng tn ng v xut bin php khc phc lm c s Cng ty hon thin chng trnh kim sot nhim mi trng ca mnh trong thi gian ti.

3.1.1 Gim st cht lng mi trng nc nh gi hiu qu ca cng tc kim sot cht lng mi trng nc, Cng ty tin hnh ly mu phn tch cht lng nc thi trc khi thi ra mi trng, cht lng nc cp cho sinh hot v cht lng nc cp n ung: Cht lng nc thi trc khi thi ra mi trng: 1 v tr: Nc thi sinh hot v sn xut ti h ga cui cng Quy chun so snh: QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT loi B. Cht lng nc cp sinh hot: 1 v tr (nc cp cho sinh hot sau x l) Quy chun so snh: cht lng nc cp sinh hot theo QCVN 02:2009/BYT Cht lng nc n ung: 1 v tr (nc cp cho n ung sau x l) Quy chun so snh: cht lng nc n ung theo QCVN 01:2009/BYT Ngy ly mu: 19/11/2011 n v phn tch: Vin NC KHKT Bo h lao ng. Trung tm TV CGCN An ton - v sinh lao ng v bo v mi trng min Nam


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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 3.1.2 Gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh nh gi hiu qu ca cng tc kim sot cht lng mi trng kh, Cng ty tin hnh ly mu phn tch ti v tr: Khu vc xung quanh v trong xng lm vic: 4 v tr: (1) Trc vn phng (2) Xng s ch - khu vc trung tm (3) Xng s ch - khu vc my ca (4) Xng tinh ch (5) Xng hon thin Ngy ly mu: 19/11/2011 Cc thng s gim st bao gm: ting n, bi, NOx, SO2, CO. Quy chun so snh: Tiu chun v sinh cng nghip (quyt nh 3733/2002/Q BYT ngy 10/10/2002, Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT), QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v ting n. n v phn tch: Vin NC KHKT Bo h lao ng. Trung tm TV CGCN An ton - v sinh lao ng v bo v mi trng min Nam Kh thi ti ngun: 1 v tr: kh thi ti ng thi l sy Ngy ly mu: 19/11/2011 Cc thng s gim st bao gm: Nhit , bi, NOx, SO2, CO Quy chun so snh: Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c (QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT) n v phn tch: Vin NC KHKT Bo h lao ng. Trung tm TV CGCN An ton - v sinh lao ng v bo v mi trng min Nam 3.2 KT QU GIM ST, NHN XT V NH GI 3.2.1 Mi trng khng kh a) Kt qu S lng mu: 4 mu khCng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 V tr ly mu: Khu vc xung quanh v xng sn xut: 4 v tr: (1) Khu vc trc vn phng (2) Khu vc xng s ch (3) Khu vc xng tinh ch (4) Khu vc xng hon thin Kh thi ti ngun: 1 v tr: kh thi ti ng thi l sy Bng 3.1: Kt qu phn tch ting n, bi, hi v kh khu vc xung quanh v trong xng sn xut STT im o Khu vc xung quanh trc vn phng Ting n dBA 61 - 64 70(*) 82 - 84 80 - 83 78 - 81 85 Bi mg/m3 0,27 0,3 2,11 3,02 3,55 6 NO2 mg/m3 0,04 0,2 0,08 0,07 0,05 10 SO2 mg/m3 0,11 0,35 0,15 0,12 0,12 10 CO mg/m3 2,87 30 3,18 3,05 2,96 40

1

QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT 2 3 4 Xng s ch Xng tinh ch Xng hon thin

Q 3733/2002/Q -BYT ngy 10/10/2002

(Ngun: Vin NC KHKT Bo h lao ng. Trung tm TV CGCN An ton - v sinh lao ng v bo v mi trng min Nam, 19/11/2011) Ghi ch QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh. Q 3733/2002/Q-BYT, ngy 10/10/2002: Tiu chun v sinh cng nghip *: QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v ting n.


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Bng 3.2: Kt qu phn tch kh thi ti ngun ti Cng ty TNHH G Ngha Tn Quy chun k thut v kh thi cng nghip (QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT) Ct B 1 2 3 4 5 Nhit Bi NOx SO2 COo

STT

Ch tiu

n v

Kt qu

Ct B -

C

196 114,2 215 394 671

mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3

400 1000 1500 1000

200 850 500 1000

(Ngun: Vin NC KHKT Bo h lao ng. Trung tm TV CGCN An ton - v sinh lao ng v bo v mi trng min Nam, 19/11/2011) Ghi ch QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi mt s cht hu c

b) Nhn xt, nh gi Ti v tr xung quanh cng bo v so snh vi QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT v QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT cho thy cc ch tiu ting n, bi, NOx, SO2, CO u nm trong gii hn cho php. Cc v tr quan trc trong khu vc sn xut cng cho kt qu nng cc cht nhim, ting n t nm trong gii hn cho php ca Q 3733/2002/Q-BYT Cc v tr quan trc kh thi ti ngun cng c nng cht nhim thp hn tiu chun cho php QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT Nh vy, v mt kim sot nhim mi trng khng kh Cng ty thc hin kh tt v s tip tc duy tr, ci tin cht lng khng kh ngy cng tt hn. 3.2.2 Mi trng nc 3.2.2.1. Cht lng nc cp cho sinh hot S lng mu: 01 muCng ty trch nhim hu hn G Ngha Tn a ch: Cm Cng Nghip Phc An, Huyn Tuy Phc, Tnh Bnh nh

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Bo co gim st mi trng nh k 6 thng cui nm 2011 V tri ly mu: V tr 1: Mu nc cp cho sinh hot sau h thng x l

Kt qu phn tch mu (Xem Bng 3.3) Bng 3.3: Kt qu phn tch nc cp cho sinh hot sau x l STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Chi tiu Mu sc Mi v c pH cng (CaCO3) Amoni (NH4+) Clo d Asen (As) St (Fe) Clorua (Cl-) Florua (F-) Ch s Pecmanganat E. Coli Coliform n vi TCU NTU mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MNP/100ml MNP/100ml KPH (

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