Bbal07dt Deviation and Social Control 1221153223911037 9

8/8/2019 Bbal07dt Deviation and Social Control 1221153223911037 9

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Welcome classWelcome class

BBABBA--L07L07-- / /08/ /08

Deviation and Social ControlDeviation and Social Control


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Todays objectivesTodays objectives

ToTo clarifyclarify thethe conceptconcept ofof deviationdeviation alongalong withwith itsits

TypesTypes andand FormsForms..

ToTo clarifyclarify thethe conceptconcept ofof SocialSocial ControlControl andand toto DiscusDiscus

otherother relevantrelevant aspectsaspects suchsuch asas TypesTypes andand AgenciesAgencies ofofSocialSocial ControlControl..


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Definitions of DeviationDefinitions of Deviation

WhatWhat isis Deviation?Deviation?

1.1. ToTo adaptadapt unusualunusual SocialSocial BehaviorBehavior otherother thenthen onon goinggoingSocialSocial PatternsPatterns isis SocialSocial DeviationDeviation (( DavidDavid PopnoePopnoe ))

2.2. NoNo systemsystem ofof SocialSocial controlcontrol worksworks perfectlyperfectly.. SomeSome personspersons

failfail toto behave behave asas expectedexpected inin knownknown societies,societies, althoughalthoughnonconformitynonconformity maymay be be defineddefined asas SocialSocial DeviationDeviation..

(Edgerton,(Edgerton, 19761976))


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ConclusionConclusion

EveryEvery SocietySociety hashas itsits ownown principles principles laws,laws, folkways,folkways, andand

moresmores.. TheseThese areare formedformed accordingaccording toto sociosocio economiceconomic andand

religoreligo--geographicalgeographical particularparticular environmentenvironment ofof thethe eacheach societysociety..TheseThese areare mademade forfor thethe welfarewelfare andand bettermentbetterment ofof thethe massesmasses

soso thatthat systemsystem ofof rightsrights andand dutiesduties agreedagreed inin societysociety continuecontinue

smoothlysmoothly.. ThatsThats whywhy inin childchild hoodhood itit isis taughttaught toto thethe childrenchildren

toto followfollow thesethese patterns patterns ofof socialsocial behavior behavior throughthrough

socializationsocialization.. DespiteDespite thisthis fact,fact, somesome peoplepeople breakbreak folkways,folkways,

moresmores andand lawslaws oror theythey dontdont actact uponupon themthem.. SuchSuch peoplepeople areare

calledcalled DeviantDeviant CharacterCharacter inin SocietySociety..


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Kinds of DeviationKinds of Deviation

11)) DisapprovedDisapproved:: somesome people people inin thethe societysociety violateviolate thethe existingexisting

patternspatterns andand rulesrules ofof thethe societysociety forfor theirtheir personalpersonal benefitsbenefits ee..gg..

Criminals,Criminals, Robbers,Robbers, SmugglersSmugglers etcetc.. thisthis isis aa sortsort ofof DisapprovedDisapproved

DeviationDeviation..

22)) ApprovedApproved:: therethere areare somesome peoplepeople inin thethe societysociety whowho dodo notnot likelike

thethe prevalentprevalent normsnorms andand lawslaws.. TheyThey considerconsider theirtheir rightright toto violateviolate

suchsuch normsnorms andand lawslaws.. TheyThey eveneven expressexpress theirtheir violationviolation throughthrough

theirtheir wordswords andand actsacts.. TheyThey dodo notnot hidehide fromfrom thethe othersothers.. TheyThey eveneveninstigateinstigate othersothers toto imitateimitate themthem.. SuchSuch peoplepeople areare normallynormally calledcalled

revolutionaryrevolutionary people people whichwhich isis somesome howhow approvedapproved inin differentdifferent

societiessocieties..


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( Continue )( Continue ) Kinds of DeviationKinds of Deviation

33)) RelativeRelative andand AbsoluteAbsolute DeviationDeviation :: mostmost people people inin modernmodern

societiessocieties areare neitherneither completelycompletely conformistconformist nornor completelycompletely

deviantdeviant.. AA completelycompletely deviantdeviant person person wouldwould havehave aa hardhard timetime

stayingstaying alivealive.. EvenEven thethe moremore spectacularspectacular deviants,deviants, suchsuch asaspyromaniacs, pyromaniacs, revolutionists,revolutionists, oror hermits,hermits, areare generallygenerally fairlyfairly

conventionalconventional inin somesome ofof theirtheir activitiesactivities.. AndAnd nearlynearly allall NormalNormal

peoplepeople occasionallyoccasionally deviantdeviant.. (Wallerstein(Wallerstein andand Wyle,Wyle, 19741974;; Gold,Gold,

19701970)).. ItIt isis clearclear thatthat nearlynearly everyoneeveryone inin ourour societysociety isis DeviantDeviant toto

somesome degree,degree, butbut somesome areare moremore frequentlyfrequently andand broadlybroadly deviantdeviant

thanthan others,others, andand somesome concealconceal theirtheir deviantdeviant actionsactions moremore fullyfully thanthan

othersothers.. ToTo somesome extentextent thethe deviantdeviant isis oneone whowho doesdoes openlyopenly whatwhat

othersothers dodo secretlysecretly..


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DistinguishDistinguish betweenbetween DeviantDeviant andand CriminalCriminal

NormallyNormally criminalcriminal isis suchsuch personperson whowho breaksbreaks thethe lawlaw ofof thethelandland.. ButBut DeviantDeviant isis suchsuch personperson whowho breaksbreaks thethe folkways,folkways,moresmores andand normsnorms ofof thethe societysociety..

DistinguishDistinguish betweenbetween DeviantDeviant andand DelinquentDelinquent

DelinquentDelinquent isis suchsuch personperson inin thethe societysociety whowho breaksbreaks existingexisting

folkways,folkways, moresmores andand normsnorms andand socialsocial patternspatterns.. AnAn ageage limitlimit forforthethe DelinquentDelinquent isis 77 toto 1818 yearsyears butbut forfor DeviantDeviant therethere isis nono ageagelimitlimit..


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Causes of Social DeviationCauses of Social Deviation

1)1) Lake in SocializationLake in Socialization : Socialization plays vital role in forming: Socialization plays vital role in forming

a good and responsible citizen if the process of socialization isa good and responsible citizen if the process of socialization is

not given proper attention then, the degree of social deviationnot given proper attention then, the degree of social deviation

increases in society. Due to lake in socialization by the relevantincreases in society. Due to lake in socialization by the relevantsocial institution such as family.social institution such as family.

2)2) RidgedRidged : if the culture of society is un: if the culture of society is un--flexible and unflexible and un--

compatible to the changing circumstances the new generationcompatible to the changing circumstances the new generationexpresses its anxiety over this rigidity. They deviate from suchexpresses its anxiety over this rigidity. They deviate from such

norms e.g. the norm inter caste marriages exchanged marriagesnorms e.g. the norm inter caste marriages exchanged marriages

(watta(watta satta) and dowry.satta) and dowry.


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( Continue)( Continue) Causes of Social DeviationCauses of Social Deviation

3.3. UnpopularUnpopular SocialSocial LawsLaws :: somesome timetime thethe governmentsgovernments inin actsactssuchsuch lawslaws whichwhich maymay bebe inin thethe interestinterest ofof thethe governmentgovernment butbut notnot

inin thethe publicpublic interestinterest.. So,So, thethe peoplepeople deliberatelydeliberately deviatedeviate fromfrom

themthem theythey protestprotest againstagainst suchsuch thingsthings ee..gg.. somesome yearsyears agoago thethe

lawslaws ofof southsouth AfricanAfrican apartheidapartheid governmentgovernment werewere notnot inin thethe

interestinterest ofof thethe majoritymajority ofof BlackBlack populationpopulation soso theythey useuse toto DeviateDeviate

fromfrom themthem..

4.4. ExtraExtra OrdinaryOrdinary ExploitationExploitation :: ifif anyany groupgroup oror nationnation isis

sufferingsuffering fromfrom extraextra ordinaryordinary exploitationexploitation thenthen suchsuch groupgroup oror

nationnation maymay DeviateDeviate andand protestprotest overover thethe exploitationexploitation toto attractattract thetheattentionattention ofof thethe governmentgovernment oror internationalinternational communitycommunity.. ee..gg.. thethe

objectobject ofof freedomfreedom fighterfighter inin KashmirKashmir isis toto attractattract thethe attentionattention ofof

IndianIndian GovernmentGovernment andand internationalinternational communitycommunity toto wardswards theirtheir

rightsrights ofof selfself determinationdetermination..


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( Continue)( Continue) Causes of Social DeviationCauses of Social Deviation

55.. CulturalCultural InvasionInvasion :: ifif anyany isis confrontingconfronting thethe culturalculturalinvasioninvasion ofof anyany otherother cultureculture toto thethe extremeextreme degreedegree

thethe peoplepeople deviatedeviate fromfrom theirtheir onon culturalcultural patternspatterns andand

dodo adoptadopt thethe othersothers culturalcultural patternspatterns.. ee..gg.. inin ourour

societysociety wewe areare heavilyheavily influenceinfluence byby thethe IndianIndian andandwesternwestern cultureculture..


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Negative Effects of DeviationNegative Effects of Deviation

A.A. SSocialocial DevianceDeviance weakensweakens thethe gripgrip ofof normsnorms whichwhich causescauses socialsocialdisorganizationdisorganization..

B.B. SSocialocial DevianceDeviance createscreates sensesense ofof insecurityinsecurity whichwhich bringbring aboutabout

separatistseparatist movementmovement inin societysociety..

C.C. NNormally,ormally, socialsocial normsnorms areare thethe reflectionreflection ofof generallygenerally socialsocialenvironmentenvironment ofof societysociety.. IfIf peoplepeople breakbreak themthem theythey maymay indulgeindulge

inin variousvarious problemsproblems.. ee..gg.. increaseincrease ofof lovelove marriagesmarriages hashas

enhancedenhanced thethe divorcedivorce inin PakistanPakistan..

D.D. IItt increasesincreases thethe crimecrime raterate..

E.E. DDueue toto socialsocial deviationdeviation socialsocial institutioninstitution becomebecome weakweak enoughenough

byby whichwhich thethe processprocess ofof socializationsocialization getget effectedeffected negativelynegatively

raisingraising delinquencydelinquency inin thethe societysociety.. ee..gg.. thethe collapsecollapse ofof familyfamily

institutioninstitution hashas createdcreated greatgreat vacuumvacuum inin EuropeanEuropean societiessocieties..


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Positive Effects of DeviationPositive Effects of Deviation

1)1) NNormallyormally socialsocial deviantsdeviants areare thosethose whosewhose behaviorbehavior isis differentdifferent

thanthan prevalentprevalent socialsocial normsnorms.. InIn ancientancient timetime whenwhen humanhuman beingbeing

useuse toto spendspend naturalnatural lifelife therethere werewere soso manymany uncivilizeduncivilized normsnorms inin

practicepractice.. IfIf peoplepeople havehave notnot deviateddeviated fromfrom themthem thethe societysociety wouldwould

havehave thethe samesame asas itit waswas thousandthousand yearsyears beforebefore.. So,So, socialsocialdeviancedeviance isis necessarynecessary forfor socialsocial developmentdevelopment andand bettermentbetterment..

2)2) SSocialocial deviancedeviance becomesbecomes thethe causecause ofof socialsocial revolutionsrevolutions.. ee..gg.. thethe

revolutionrevolution ofof KarlKarl MarxMarx waswas because because ofof hishis DevianceDeviance fromfromeconomiceconomic systemsystem ofof thethe timetime.. Similarly,Similarly, MuslimsMuslims ofof subsub contentcontent

deviateddeviated fromfrom sociosocio economiceconomic andand politicalpolitical systemsystem ofof subsub contentcontent

IndiaIndia whichwhich ledled thethe creationcreation ofof newnew IslamicIslamic statestate PakistanPakistan..


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( Continue )( Continue ) Positive Effects of DeviationPositive Effects of Deviation

3)3) SSeveraleveral autocratsautocrats governmentsgovernments imposeimpose lawslaws oppositeopposite toto thethe willwill

ofof thethe peoplepeople.. InIn thisthis causecause deviancedeviance becomesbecomes necessarynecessary forfor thethe

protectionprotection ofof thethe rightsrights ofof thethe peoplepeople.. ee..gg.. itit waswas necessarynecessary forfor

thethe peoplepeople ofof southsouth AfricaAfrica toto deviatedeviate fromfrom thethe lawslaws promulgatedpromulgated

byby apartheidapartheid regimeregime ofof thatthat timetime..

4)4) SSomeome time,time, socialsocial deviancedeviance reclaimsreclaims inin thethe existingexisting socialsocial normsnorms

whichwhich benefitbenefit thethe societysociety inin largelarge.. ee..gg.. inin pastpast itit waswas socialsocial normnormtoto keepkeep thethe girlsgirls unun educatededucated butbut thesethese thisthis socialsocial normnorm isis totallytotally

otherwiseotherwise whichwhich hashas improvedimproved thethe statusstatus ofof womenwomen inin societysociety..


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( Continue )( Continue ) Positive Effects of DeviationPositive Effects of Deviation

5)5) IInn ourour societysociety thethe people people mostlymostly actact uponupon thethe

negativesnegatives socialsocial normsnorms becausebecause ofof thethe fearfear ofof thethesocietysociety.. ee..gg.. dowry,dowry, interinter castecaste marriagemarriage andand

exchangeexchange marriagesmarriages.. IfIf thethe peoplepeople wouldwould notnot daredare toto

deviatedeviate fromfrom themthem thethe societysociety wouldwould continuecontinue toto

indulgeindulge inin manymany problemsproblems.. IfIf socialsocial deviancedeviance isis forforsocialsocial welfarewelfare andand valuevalue ableable objectiveobjective isis beneficialbeneficial

butbut ifif itit isis onlyonly personalpersonal benefitsbenefits itit isis harmfulharmful..


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Definition of Social ControlDefinition of Social Control

WhatWhat isis SocialSocial Control?Control?

1)1) BBrearlyrearly-- SocialSocial controlcontrol isis collectivecollective termterm forfor thosethoseprocessesprocesses andand agencies,agencies, plannedplanned andand unplanned,unplanned, byby whichwhichindividualsindividuals areare taught,taught, persuadedpersuaded oror compelledcompelled toto conformconform totothethe usagesusages andand lifelife valuevalue ofof thethe groupgroup toto whichwhich theythey belongbelong..

2)2) GGillinillin andand GillinGillin-- SocialSocial controlcontrol isis thatthat systemsystem ofof

measures,measures, suggestion,suggestion, persuasion,persuasion, restraintrestraint andand coercioncoercion bybywhateverwhatever means,means, includingincluding physical physical force,force, by by whichwhich aasocietysociety bringsbrings intointo conformityconformity toto thethe approvedapproved patternpattern ofof

behavior behavior aa subgroupsubgroup oror byby whichwhich aa groupgroup mouldsmoulds inin totoconformityconformity itsits membersmembers..


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( Continue )( Continue ) Definition of Social ControlDefinition of Social Control

3)3) MMaclveraclver andand PagePage-- ByBy socialsocial orderorder isis meantmeant thethe wayway inin

whichwhich thethe entireentire socialsocial orderorder coherescoheres andand maintainsmaintains itself,itself,

howhow itit operates,operates, asas aa changingchanging equilibriumequilibrium..

4)4) GGurvitchurvitch andand MooreMoore-- SocialSocial controlcontrol cancan bebe defineddefined asas thethe

somesome totaltotal oror ratherrather wholewhole ofof culturalcultural patrons, patrons, socialsocial

symbols,symbols, collectivecollective spiritualspiritual meanings,meanings, values,values, ideasideas andand

ideals,ideals, asas wellwell asas actsacts andand process,process, directlydirectly connectedconnected withwiththem,them, wherewhere byby inclusiveinclusive ofof society,society, everyevery particularparticular groupgroup

andand everyevery participating participating individualindividual membermember overover comecome

tensionstensions andand conflictsconflicts withwith inin themselvesthemselves throughthrough temporarytemporary

equilibriumequilibrium andand takestakes stepssteps forfor newnew creativecreative effortsefforts..


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ConclusionConclusion

SocialSocial controlcontrol isis thethe controlcontrol ofof societysociety overover thethe

individual,individual, somesome ofof mansmans tendenciestendencies areare beneficialbeneficial toto

societysociety whilewhile othersothers areare detrimentaldetrimental toto itsits interestinterest..

Their

Their cancan bebe nono questionquestion ofof controllingcontrolling thethe beneficialbeneficial

tendenciestendencies.. ThusThus socialsocial controlcontrol isis exercisedexercised byby societysociety

overover thethe undesirableundesirable oror harmfulharmful tendenciestendencies ofof manman..

ThisThis isis notnot governmentalgovernmental controlcontrol.. GovernmentalGovernmental

controlcontrol isis basedbased uponupon forceforce andand isis enforcedenforced uponupon thetheindividualindividual externallyexternally.. SocialSocial controlcontrol isis selfself controlcontrol.. ItIt

keepskeeps onon changingchanging inin accordanceaccordance withwith thethe changeschanges inin

SocietySociety..


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Types of Social ControlTypes of Social Control

KarlKarl MannheimMannheim--

11)) DirectDirect SocialSocial controlcontrol-- thisthis isis thethe controlcontrol exercisedexercised uponuponthethe individualindividual by by thethe reactionsreactions ofof thethe people people livingliving inin

proximityproximity.. SuchSuch controlcontrol isis foundfound existingexisting inin thethe family,family,

neighborhood,neighborhood, play play group,group, andand otherother primary primary groupsgroups.. AnAn

individualindividual isis deeplydeeply influencedinfluenced byby thethe opinionopinion andand viewsviews ofof hishis

parents,parents, colleagues,colleagues, neighborsneighbors andand thosethose whowho workwork withwith himhim..

HisHis behaviorbehavior isis determineddetermined EdEd oror controlledcontrolled byby theirtheir criticism,criticism,

derogation,derogation, praise,praise, suggestionsuggestion oror persuasion,persuasion, etcetc..


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( Continue )( Continue ) Types of Social ControlTypes of Social Control

22)) IndirectIndirect SocialSocial ControlControl-- thisthis isis controlcontrol exercisedexercised uponuponthethe individualindividual by by factorsfactors whichwhich areare separatedseparated fromfrom himhim

ControlControl ofof thethe individualindividual byby secondarysecondary groupsgroups isis ofof thisthis typetype..

ItsIts prominent prominent meansmeans areare traditions,traditions, institutions,institutions, customs,customs,

rationalizedrationalized behavior, behavior, changeschanges inin situationssituations andand socialsocial

mechanism,mechanism, etcetc.. thethe meansmeans ofof socialsocial controlcontrol areare invisibleinvisible andand

subtlesubtle.. InIn thethe existingexisting complexcomplex society,society, thethe influenceinfluence ofof thethe

opinion,opinion, law,law, custom,custom, etcetc..,, isis conveyedconveyed inin thisthis wayway.. ThisThis isisnotnot thatthat therethere areare nono individualsindividuals behindbehind thisthis controlcontrol butbut thesethese

individualindividual areare notnot seenseen byby thethe personspersons affectedaffected..

(( KimballKimball YoungYoung ))


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33)) PositivePositive SocialSocial ControlControl-- RewardsRewards hashas ananimmenseimmense valuevalue uponupon thethe activitiesactivities ofof anan individualindividual.. AA

largelarge partpart ofof thethe populationpopulation ofof societysociety desiresdesires toto beberewardedrewarded by by thethe societysociety.. And,And, consequently,consequently, theythey

constantlyconstantly EndeavourEndeavour toto conformconform toto thethe traditions,traditions,

mores,mores, valuesvalues andand idealsideals acceptedaccepted byby thethe societysociety.. ForFor

this,this, theythey areare rewardedrewarded inin thethe formform ofof socialsocialrecognition,recognition, fame,fame, respect,respect, etcetc..


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44))NegativeNegative SocialSocial ControlControl-- underunder thisthis areare comprehendedcomprehendedthosethose typestypes ofof socialsocial controlcontrol inin whichwhich aa personperson isis preventedprevented

fromfrom doingdoing somesome thingthing byby threatthreat ofof punishmentpunishment.. Society,Society, whilewhile

itit isis encouragesencourages toto peoplespeoples indulgeindulge inin certaincertain typetype ofof activityactivity ofof

promisingpromising reward,reward, alsoalso discouragesdiscourages andand preventsprevents peoplepeople fromfrom

manymany activitiesactivities byby fearfear ofof punishment,punishment, whichwhich cancan bebe moderatemoderate

severesevere physicalphysical oror verbalverbal oror inin anyany otherother formform.. ExamplesExamples ofof

VerbalVerbal punishmentpunishment areare defamation,defamation, criticism,criticism, ridicule,ridicule, etcetc.. ananexampleexample ofof physicalphysical punishmentpunishment isis extraditionextradition fromfrom thethe castecaste..

FearFear ofof thesethese punishments punishments helpshelps toto prevent prevent people people fromfrom

violatingviolating thethe sociallysocially acceptedaccepted customs,customs, traditions,traditions, valuesvalues andand

ideals,ideals, etcetc..


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OtherOther viewsviews--

FormalFormal SocialSocial ControlControl--:: TheThe formalformal typestypes areare thosethose whichwhich arearespecificallyspecifically designeddesigned forfor control,control, andand includeinclude government,government, law,law,

police,police, army,army, jail,jail, penalpenal code,code, etcetc..

InformalInformal SocialSocial ControlControl--:: InformalInformal SocialSocial controlcontrol isis thosethosemethodsmethods whichwhich developdevelop byby themselvesthemselves accordingaccording toto thethe needsneeds

ofof societysociety andand are,are, mores,mores, traditions,traditions, customs,customs, socialsocial ideals,ideals,

etcetc..


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Agencies of Social ControlAgencies of Social Control

11)) CustomsCustoms--:: InIn controllingcontrolling ofof anan behaviorbehavior ofof anan individualindividual inin society,society,customscustoms playplay anan importantimportant rolerole.. TheyThey regulateregulate thethe lifelife ofof anan individualindividualInIn aa wayway soso thatthat hehe experiencesexperiences thethe minimumminimum ofof pressurepressure.. Generally,Generally,

thethe peoplepeople themselvesthemselves wantwant toto livelive accordingaccording toto thethe customcustom asas suchsuch aa

coursecourse firstlyfirstly savessaves themthem fromfrom thethe objectionsobjections andand ridiculeridicule ofof thethe

societysociety andand secondlysecondly theythey dodo notnot havehave toto resortresort toto originaloriginal thinkingthinking ononeveryevery respectrespect.. ByBy meansmeans ofof customscustoms theythey areare providedprovided withwith aa clearclear

guidanceguidance forfor everyevery activityactivity.. ToTo makemake anan example,example, amongamong thethe HindusHindus

therethere areare variousvarious definitedefinite customscustoms relationrelation toto theirtheir dayday toto dayday activity,activity,

education,education, behavioral behavioral conceptsconcepts proceduresprocedures.. Marriage,Marriage, etcetc.. saidsaid byby

GinsbergGinsberg TheThe rolerole playedplayed byby customscustoms inin lifelife isis comparablecomparable toto thethe roleroleofof instinctsinstincts inin livingliving beingsbeings.. instinctsinstincts guideguide thethe livingliving beingsbeings inin hishis

strugglestruggle forfor existenceexistence.. CustomsCustoms enlightenenlighten manman inin hishis lifelife.. FromFrom hishis

veryvery childhoodchildhood manman formsforms thethe habithabit ofof obeyingobeying themthem andand hehe followsfollows

themthem withoutwithout raisingraising anyany huehue oror crycry..


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( Continue )( Continue ) Agencies of Social ControlAgencies of Social Control

22))PublicPublic OpinionOpinion--:: InIn thethe present present democraticdemocratic ageage

publicpublic opinionopinion isis supremelysupremely powerpower fullfull itit controlcontrol thethe

governmentgovernment.. EvenEven thethe mostmost power power fullfull governmentgovernmenthavehave resignresign ifif theythey opposeoppose itit.. ThisThis publicpublic opinionopinion isis

formedformed by by propaganda, propaganda, newspaper,newspaper, cinema,cinema, radio,radio,

etcetc.. PublicPublic OpinionOpinion ControlsControls thethe conductconduct behavior,behavior,

wayway ofof livingliving andand methodsmethods etcetc.. ofof thethe individualindividual totofairlyfairly extentextent..


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33)) FamilyFamily--:: familyfamily hashas greatgreat importanceimportance asas anan

instrumentinstrument ofof socialsocial controlcontrol.. TheThe firstfirst placeplace wherewhere anan

individualindividual isis socializedsocialized isis familyfamily.. ItIt isis inin thethe familyfamilythatthat hehe learnslearns thethe variousvarious methodsmethods ofof living,living, behavior,behavior,

conversion,conversion, etcetc.. inin thethe familyfamily hehe learnslearns obedienceobedience andand

respectrespect forfor thethe opinionopinion ofof othersothers.. TheThe controlcontrol ofof thethe

parentsparents uponupon thethe childchild isis thethe controlcontrol ofof thethe SocietySocietyuponupon thethe individualindividual.. InIn thisthis wayway thethe familyfamily hashas

controlcontrol onon individualindividual notnot merelymerely inin hishis childhoodchildhood butbut

fromfrom hishis infancyinfancy toto senilitysenility..


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44)) EducationEducation--:: AccordingAccording toto Ruskin,Ruskin, EducationEducation consistsconsists inin makingmaking

people people polite polite whatwhat theythey oughtought toto bebe..T

heT

he idealsideals andand patterns patterns ofofpolitenesspoliteness differdiffer fromfrom societysociety toto societysociety.. AnAn individualindividual isis trainedtrained inin

thesethese throughthrough education,education, herehere thethe wordword EducationEducation doesdoes notnot merelymerely

literacyliteracy butbut isis employedemployed inin itsits mostmost comprehensivecomprehensive sensesense.. ItIt isis onlyonly inin

thisthis meaningmeaning ofof thethe wordword thatthat thethe sociologistsociologist studiesstudies oror contemplatescontemplates itit..

EducationEducation teachesteaches manman thethe useuse ofof thethe variousvarious capacities,capacities, abilities,abilities,intelligence,intelligence, etcetc.. bestowedbestowed uponupon himhim byby naturenature.. EducationEducation givesgives himhim

abilityability toto succeedsucceed inin hishis strugglestruggle forfor existenceexistence.. EducationEducation isis anan artart ofof

adaptationadaptation forfor man,man, adaptationadaptation isis moremore socialsocial thanthan naturalnatural.. Hence,Hence,

educationeducation adaptsadapts manman toto societysociety.. InIn thisthis way,way, educationeducation isis anan importantimportant

meansmeans ofof socialsocial controlcontrol.. EducationEducation isis inin thethe family,family, school,school, playground,playground,club,club, office,office, inin factfact everywhereeverywhere.. AtAt everyevery placeplace thethe individualindividual isis taughttaught

somethingsomething andand socializedsocialized.. InIn thethe family,family, inin school,school, onon playground,playground, thethe

childchild learnslearns thethe useuse ofof politepolite behavior,behavior, learnslearns toto respectrespect thethe opinionopinion andand

adviceadvice ofof othersothers andand learnslearns toto complycomply withwith thethe traditionstraditions andand moresmores..


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55)) LawLaw--:: AccordingAccording toto Ross,Ross, lawlaw isis mostmost specializedspecialized

andand highlyhighly furnishedfurnished engineengine ofof socialsocial controlcontrol

employedemployed by by societysociety.. RossRoss hashas enumeratedenumerated twotwofunctionsfunctions ofof lawlaw.. ((11stst )) ToTo crushcrush completelycompletely ofof thethe

homicidalhomicidal activitiesactivities ofof thethe individualindividual andand ((22ndnd )) ToTo

persuadepersuade thethe individualindividual toto bothboth paypay attentionattention toto thethe

rightsrights ofof othersothers andand toto actact cooperativelycooperatively.. InIn thisthis waywaylawlaw doesdoes notnot merelymerely protect protect societysociety oror insureinsure itsits

existenceexistence butbut alsoalso contributescontributes toto itsits welfarewelfare..


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66))CommunalCommunal CodesCodes--:: CommunalCommunal codescodes includeinclude allall

thosethose lawslaws ofof thethe communitycommunity byby meansmeans ofof whichwhich thethecommunitycommunity exercisesexercises itsits controlcontrol overover thethe individualindividual..

Customs,Customs, folkways,folkways, mores,mores, moralsmorals andand rituals,rituals, etcetc..,,

areare enumeratedenumerated underunder itit..


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77)) ReligionReligion--:: TheThe controlcontrol ofof religionreligion isis veryvery strongstrong inin

thethe socialsocial spheresphere.. EveryEvery religionreligion hashas determineddetermined somesome

lawslaws ofof thethe behavior behavior thethe obedienceobedience ofof whichwhich isisconsideredconsidered compulsorycompulsory.. AtAt thethe basebase ofof thesethese religiousreligious

lawslaws isis thethe fearfear ofof divinedivine displeasuredispleasure andand sufferingsuffering ofof

hell,hell, coupledcoupled withwith aa lovelove andand respectrespect forfor invisibleinvisible

powerpower..T

heT

he individualindividual feelsfeels thethe pressurepressure ofof thisthis beliefbeliefeveneven moremore thanthan thethe pressurepressure exertedexerted byby thethe statestate andand

thethe societysociety.. InIn thisthis wayway religionreligion isis powerfulpowerful weaponweapon

ofof socialsocial controlcontrol..


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99)) ArtArt--:: ArtArt alsoalso controlscontrols thethe behavior behavior ofof men,men, poetry,poetry,

folksongs,folksongs, drawings,drawings, sculptures,sculptures, music,music, etcetc.. havehave theirtheir effecteffectonon mansmans emotionsemotions andand sentimentssentiments.. ArtArt isis aa pleasantpleasant socialsocial

controlcontrol.. ItsIts influenceinfluence isis universaluniversal.. FolksongsFolksongs areare importantimportant inin

everyevery societysociety.. MusicMusic makesmakes humanhuman tendenciestendencies refinedrefined..

CommunityCommunity feelingsfeelings isis enhancedenhanced by by communalcommunal singingsinging andand

dancingdancing..


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1111)) LeadershipLeadership--:: thethe leadersleaders havehave alsoalso shownshown thethe wayway forfor thethemassesmasses toto followsfollows.. TheThe pathpath followedfollowed byby greatgreat menmen inin thethe pathpath

toto bebe followedfollowed byby othersothers.. InIn thisthis wayway leadersleaders inin thethe religious,religious,social,social, politicalpolitical andand otherother fieldsfields havehave hadhad greatgreat influenceinfluence uponupon

thethe liveslives ofof peoplespeoples.. MahatmaMahatma GandhiGandhi andand KarlKarl MarxMarx

convertedconverted thethe liveslives ofof millionsmillions ofof peoplepeople.. AndAnd eveneven otherwise,otherwise,

itit isis thethe leadersleaders inin everyevery societysociety whowho enforceenforce thethe socialsocial controlcontrol..


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1212)) FashionFashion--:: InIn thethe present present day,day, fashionfashion hashas becomebecome ananimportantimportant meansmeans ofof socialsocial controlcontrol.. InIn civilizedcivilized societiessocieties thethe

determinantdeterminant inin thethe fieldfield ofof thoughtthought andand conduct,conduct, dress,dress, belief,belief,opinions,opinions, recreations,recreations, jewelry, jewelry, adornmentadornment ofof house,house, wayway ofof

talking,talking, literature,literature, music,music, art,art, inin brief, brief, allall fieldsfields ofof life,life, isis

mainlymainly fashionfashion.. WithWith thethe increaseincrease inin thethe meansmeans ofof transporttransport

andand communication,communication, thethe influenceinfluence ofof fashionfashion spreadsspreads overover aa

greatergreater rangerange.. FashionFashion isis constantlyconstantly changingchanging butbut thethe peoplepeopleareare everever desirousdesirous ofof changingchanging withwith itit..


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Bbal07dt Deviation and Social Control 1221153223911037 9

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