Civil WarCivil War

Battles and events during the Battles and events during the warwar

Soldier InterviewSoldier Interview

Why did the soldiers mention the War of Why did the soldiers mention the War of 1812 and the war with Mexico?1812 and the war with Mexico?

What rights did the Southerners think were What rights did the Southerners think were being threatened?being threatened?

Why would a soldier’s wife, sweetheart, or Why would a soldier’s wife, sweetheart, or parents actually encourage him to enlist parents actually encourage him to enlist and go off to war?and go off to war?

Do you think the soldiers’ idea about camp Do you think the soldiers’ idea about camp life and battle were realistic? Why or Why life and battle were realistic? Why or Why not?not?

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April 19, 1861April 19, 1861 11stst casualties of war not actually on a casualties of war not actually on a

battlefield between the two armiesbattlefield between the two armies Baltimore, Maryland skirmish between Baltimore, Maryland skirmish between

Union troops and civiliansUnion troops and civilians Massachusetts’ regiment heeding Massachusetts’ regiment heeding

President Lincolns’ call for volunteers President Lincolns’ call for volunteers exchanged shots with a crowd of pro-exchanged shots with a crowd of pro-secessionist civilians hoping to prevent the secessionist civilians hoping to prevent the troops from reaching Washington D.C.troops from reaching Washington D.C.

11 civilians and 4 soldiers died11 civilians and 4 soldiers died

18611861 May 25, 1861May 25, 1861 Union gets it’s 1Union gets it’s 1stst hero hero Three regiments of Union soldiers led by Three regiments of Union soldiers led by

Colonel Elmer Ellsworth crossed the Potomac Colonel Elmer Ellsworth crossed the Potomac River and seized Alexandria, VA.River and seized Alexandria, VA.

Ellsworth was killed trying to haul down a Ellsworth was killed trying to haul down a Confederate flag from the roof of The Confederate flag from the roof of The Marshall House Hotel by the hotel keeperMarshall House Hotel by the hotel keeper

Ellsworth’s death was avenged by Private Ellsworth’s death was avenged by Private Francis Brownwell. Ellsworth’s death plunged Francis Brownwell. Ellsworth’s death plunged the nation into a patriotic spasm of griefthe nation into a patriotic spasm of grief

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July 21, 1861 July 21, 1861 11stst major battle of war – Battle of Bull Run major battle of war – Battle of Bull Run Fought only 30 miles from Washington Fought only 30 miles from Washington

D.C.D.C. Union troops marching to a battle cry “on Union troops marching to a battle cry “on

to Richmond” marched into the small town to Richmond” marched into the small town of Manassas, VA. They would have to of Manassas, VA. They would have to defeat these Rebel troops in order to take defeat these Rebel troops in order to take RichmondRichmond

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39,000Union forces led by General 39,000Union forces led by General Irvin McDowellIrvin McDowell

21,000Confederate troops led by 21,000Confederate troops led by General Pierre BeauregardGeneral Pierre Beauregard

Battle eventually resulted in a Battle eventually resulted in a Confederate victory despite being Confederate victory despite being outnumbered outnumbered

Union troops were ill-preparedUnion troops were ill-prepared

18611861 Union defeated largely in part to the stand by Union defeated largely in part to the stand by

General Thomas J. Jackson and his troopsGeneral Thomas J. Jackson and his troops Confederates saw Jackson and his troops Confederates saw Jackson and his troops

standing strong and they rallied and joined standing strong and they rallied and joined with him holding off the larger Union army with him holding off the larger Union army until reinforcements could arrive. This stand until reinforcements could arrive. This stand earned Jackson the nickname “Stonewall”earned Jackson the nickname “Stonewall”

11,000 Confederate troops led by Brigadier 11,000 Confederate troops led by Brigadier General Joseph E. Johnston arrived to help and General Joseph E. Johnston arrived to help and Johnston assumed command of ConfederatesJohnston assumed command of Confederates

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With an equal amount of troops the With an equal amount of troops the Confederates mounted a counter attackConfederates mounted a counter attack

As they attacked the Northern troops the As they attacked the Northern troops the Rebs let out a blood curdling scream, later Rebs let out a blood curdling scream, later known as the “rebel yell”, which caused known as the “rebel yell”, which caused the Union troops to panicthe Union troops to panic

They scattered, broke ranks and retreatedThey scattered, broke ranks and retreated The Confederate victory in the 1The Confederate victory in the 1stst Battle of Battle of

Bull Run thrilled the South and shocked Bull Run thrilled the South and shocked the Norththe North

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Many in the South thought they had just won Many in the South thought they had just won the warthe war

Lincoln realized they took the South for Lincoln realized they took the South for grantedgranted

He sent his 90-day Militia home and called for He sent his 90-day Militia home and called for a real army of 500,000 volunteers for 3 yearsa real army of 500,000 volunteers for 3 years

This battle was actually so close to This battle was actually so close to Washington there were civilians scattered Washington there were civilians scattered around picnicking like it was a Sunday around picnicking like it was a Sunday afternoon entertainment afternoon entertainment

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As the Union soldiers scattered and fled, As the Union soldiers scattered and fled, they dropped all kinds of useful supplies they dropped all kinds of useful supplies such as; coats, blankets, cooking tins, such as; coats, blankets, cooking tins, caps, belts, bayonets, etc. Instead of caps, belts, bayonets, etc. Instead of chasing the Union troops the Confederates chasing the Union troops the Confederates let them go and stopped and picked up all let them go and stopped and picked up all the suppliesthe supplies

The months that followed the battle of Bull The months that followed the battle of Bull Run, saw many battles take place West of Run, saw many battles take place West of the Appalachiansthe Appalachians

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Aug. 5, 1861 – Congress in attempts to help Aug. 5, 1861 – Congress in attempts to help pay for the war levied the 1pay for the war levied the 1stst income tax in income tax in U.S. history. The tax law fixed a tax of 3% U.S. history. The tax law fixed a tax of 3% on incomes in excess of $800 per yearon incomes in excess of $800 per year

Aug. 10, 1861 – 1Aug. 10, 1861 – 1stst major battle in the major battle in the West. Wilson Creek, Missouri West. Wilson Creek, Missouri

Confederate victory despite valiant attempt Confederate victory despite valiant attempt by Union troops and Gen. Nathaniel Lyon by Union troops and Gen. Nathaniel Lyon who was eventually shot and killed in the who was eventually shot and killed in the battlebattle

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Nov. 1, 1861 – Lincoln names a new Nov. 1, 1861 – Lincoln names a new army chiefarmy chief

General George Brinton McClellan General George Brinton McClellan replaced Winfield Scottreplaced Winfield Scott

Known as Little Mac, given the post Known as Little Mac, given the post because of his work in turning because of his work in turning around the Army of the Potomac into around the Army of the Potomac into a crack unit rivaling the a crack unit rivaling the Confederacy’s bestConfederacy’s best

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The 1The 1stst year of the war there were year of the war there were 308 battles in 11 states and at sea308 battles in 11 states and at sea

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March 9, 1862 – Major sea battle. March 9, 1862 – Major sea battle. Hampton Roads, VirginiaHampton Roads, Virginia

2 Ironclads meet and battle to a draw after 2 Ironclads meet and battle to a draw after 2 hours of fighting2 hours of fighting

The Union’s Monitor and the Confederate’s The Union’s Monitor and the Confederate’s Merrimac (Virginia)Merrimac (Virginia)

The Merrimac actually used to be a Union The Merrimac actually used to be a Union ship. It was built before the war as a ship. It was built before the war as a regular 40-gun steam frigateregular 40-gun steam frigate

18621862 In April 1861, as Union troops withdrew from In April 1861, as Union troops withdrew from

Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Virginia, they sank Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Virginia, they sank the Merrimac to keep it out of Rebel handsthe Merrimac to keep it out of Rebel hands

Confederates repaired the ship, covered it Confederates repaired the ship, covered it with iron and renamed it Virginia. They sent with iron and renamed it Virginia. They sent it to battle against the Union’s blockade. In it to battle against the Union’s blockade. In its 1its 1stst battle it defeated 3 Union ships. After battle it defeated 3 Union ships. After that, Union builds its own Ironcladsthat, Union builds its own Ironclads

By the end of the war the Union had 626 By the end of the war the Union had 626 warships of which 65 were Ironcladswarships of which 65 were Ironclads

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These Ironclads helped the Union These Ironclads helped the Union with their plan to split the with their plan to split the Confederate forces in twoConfederate forces in two

In February 1862, Union General of In February 1862, Union General of the West, Ulysses S. Grant, used the West, Ulysses S. Grant, used partial Ironclads to capture two partial Ironclads to capture two Confederate river fortsConfederate river forts

Fort Henry on the Tennessee and Fort Henry on the Tennessee and Fort Donelson on the CumberlandFort Donelson on the Cumberland

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The seizure of Fort Henry opened a The seizure of Fort Henry opened a river highway into the heart of the river highway into the heart of the SouthSouth

Union gunboats could now travel on Union gunboats could now travel on the river as far south as northern the river as far south as northern AlabamaAlabama

The fall of the forts caused panic in The fall of the forts caused panic in Nashville. People fled the city which Nashville. People fled the city which allowed Union troops to march into allowed Union troops to march into Nashville a week laterNashville a week later

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April 7, 1862 – Battle of Shiloh in April 7, 1862 – Battle of Shiloh in TennesseeTennessee

Confederates made a surprise attack at Confederates made a surprise attack at Shiloh and almost won the battle until Shiloh and almost won the battle until fresh Union troops arrivedfresh Union troops arrived

After gaining reinforcements Grant forced After gaining reinforcements Grant forced the Confederates to retreatthe Confederates to retreat

Shiloh was one of the bloodiest battles of Shiloh was one of the bloodiest battles of the warthe war

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11,000 0f the 41,000 Confederates fell 11,000 0f the 41,000 Confederates fell during the 2 day battle during the 2 day battle

13,000 of the 52,000 Union troops were 13,000 of the 52,000 Union troops were wounded or diedwounded or died

After this bloody battle, Congressmen After this bloody battle, Congressmen criticized Grant for the high casualties and criticized Grant for the high casualties and wanted Lincoln to replace himwanted Lincoln to replace him

Lincoln wouldn’t he simply replied, “I can’t Lincoln wouldn’t he simply replied, “I can’t spare this man—he fights.”spare this man—he fights.”

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April 25, 1862 – Union Captures New April 25, 1862 – Union Captures New OrleansOrleans

Union fleet led by David FarragutUnion fleet led by David Farragut Battle lasted 10 days. Began with Battle lasted 10 days. Began with

bombardments of Fort Jackson and bombardments of Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip which were guarding Fort St. Philip which were guarding the Southern entrance to the citythe Southern entrance to the city

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Rebel gunboats tried to ram the Union Rebel gunboats tried to ram the Union warships but were unsuccessful; they warships but were unsuccessful; they did however manage to sink onedid however manage to sink one

Farragut’s ships made it through Farragut’s ships made it through cannon fire and floating burning raftscannon fire and floating burning rafts

Once making through they rushed the Once making through they rushed the city and forced officials to surrendercity and forced officials to surrender

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With Grant and Farragut’s victories and a With Grant and Farragut’s victories and a Union victory in June of 1862 at the river Union victory in June of 1862 at the river city of Memphis, Tennessee, the North had city of Memphis, Tennessee, the North had almost achieved its goal of splitting the almost achieved its goal of splitting the South into 2 partsSouth into 2 parts

The Union controlled all of the Mississippi The Union controlled all of the Mississippi with the exception of a 250 mile stretch with the exception of a 250 mile stretch between Vicksburg, Mississippi (which was between Vicksburg, Mississippi (which was guarded heavily) and Port Hudson, guarded heavily) and Port Hudson, Louisiana.Louisiana.

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May 20, 1862 – Federal Homestead May 20, 1862 – Federal Homestead Law signedLaw signed

Congress hoping to appeal to Congress hoping to appeal to northern voters, passed the northern voters, passed the Homestead Act. This permitted Homestead Act. This permitted citizens over 21 to own a free plot of citizens over 21 to own a free plot of 160 acres on land in the public 160 acres on land in the public domain—if they would occupy and domain—if they would occupy and improve it for 5 yearsimprove it for 5 years

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Many in Congress opposed it at first, Many in Congress opposed it at first, because they thought it would drain because they thought it would drain men and money from their regions men and money from their regions and some feared a movement of and some feared a movement of anti-slavery Northerners into the anti-slavery Northerners into the WestWest

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May-June 1862 – General Thomas May-June 1862 – General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson staged a brilliant “Stonewall” Jackson staged a brilliant campaign in the Shenandoah Valleycampaign in the Shenandoah Valley

His efforts forced the Union to divert troops His efforts forced the Union to divert troops from other areas to protect Washingtonfrom other areas to protect Washington

In 30 days, Jackson achieved immortal In 30 days, Jackson achieved immortal military fame. His infantry marched 350 military fame. His infantry marched 350 miles, defeated 3 separate Union armies in miles, defeated 3 separate Union armies in 5 battles, inflicted twice the casualties, and 5 battles, inflicted twice the casualties, and seized numerous suppliesseized numerous supplies

18621862 June 25- July 1, 1862 – Seven Days’ BattleJune 25- July 1, 1862 – Seven Days’ Battle McClellan over a seven day period fought 5 McClellan over a seven day period fought 5

battles with Generals Robert E. Lee and battles with Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall JacksonStonewall Jackson

Union, despite superior numbers, lost at Union, despite superior numbers, lost at Mechanicsville, Gaine’s Mill, Savage Station, Mechanicsville, Gaine’s Mill, Savage Station, and Frayser’s Farmand Frayser’s Farm

Union troops forced to retreat to James RiverUnion troops forced to retreat to James River Little Mac’s leadership and Union prestige Little Mac’s leadership and Union prestige

dwindling, another failed attempt to capture dwindling, another failed attempt to capture RichmondRichmond

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Aug. 29-30, 1862 – Second Battle of Aug. 29-30, 1862 – Second Battle of Bull RunBull Run

13 months after first battle, another 13 months after first battle, another battle at Manassas Junctionbattle at Manassas Junction

Robert E. Lee and Jackson defeat Robert E. Lee and Jackson defeat Union troops led by General John Union troops led by General John PopePope

Union outnumbered Confederates 3-Union outnumbered Confederates 3-2 but suffered twice as many losses2 but suffered twice as many losses

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Aug-Sept. 1862 – Sioux uprising put down Aug-Sept. 1862 – Sioux uprising put down in Minnesotain Minnesota

Despite the Civil War going on, the Despite the Civil War going on, the Minnesota Sioux Indians in an attempt to Minnesota Sioux Indians in an attempt to eliminate white settlers from their lands, eliminate white settlers from their lands, harassed and killed some 800 settlersharassed and killed some 800 settlers

Raids led by Chief Little Crow but were put Raids led by Chief Little Crow but were put down by Colonel Henry Sibleydown by Colonel Henry Sibley

1,500 Sioux captured, after trials 300 1,500 Sioux captured, after trials 300 Indians hungIndians hung

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Sept. 17, 1862 – Bloody AntietamSept. 17, 1862 – Bloody Antietam Lee led 40,000 soldiers across the Lee led 40,000 soldiers across the

Potomac into Maryland. He hoped to Potomac into Maryland. He hoped to destroy RR lines and capture destroy RR lines and capture Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

However, a copy of his plans fell into However, a copy of his plans fell into the hands of McClellanthe hands of McClellan

McClellan met Lee at Antietam with McClellan met Lee at Antietam with 70,000 troops70,000 troops

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Antietam was actually 3 different Antietam was actually 3 different battles in onebattles in one

In the morning the Union attacked In the morning the Union attacked the Confederates left flankthe Confederates left flank

Battle lasted 4 hours going back and Battle lasted 4 hours going back and forthforth

Almost 13,000 dead or wounded Almost 13,000 dead or wounded after 4 hoursafter 4 hours

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22ndnd portion of Antietam, the Union portion of Antietam, the Union attacked the center of the attacked the center of the Confederate troopsConfederate troops

After several charges the Rebels give After several charges the Rebels give up “Bloody Lane” and retreatup “Bloody Lane” and retreat

Union fails to finish them off Union fails to finish them off On the right flank Union troops are On the right flank Union troops are

hammering the Confederates along hammering the Confederates along Antietam CreekAntietam Creek

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Union manages to cross the bridge Union manages to cross the bridge over the creek and pour into Lee’s over the creek and pour into Lee’s right flankright flank

The Confederates would have folded The Confederates would have folded here if it were not for Major General here if it were not for Major General A.P. Hill who arrived from Harper’s A.P. Hill who arrived from Harper’s Ferry and managed to force the Ferry and managed to force the Union troops back across the bridgeUnion troops back across the bridge

18621862 However, after heavy fighting, Lee returned However, after heavy fighting, Lee returned

to Virginiato Virginia More than 25,000 soldiers between the two More than 25,000 soldiers between the two

sides had been killed or woundedsides had been killed or wounded 4,710 dead, 18,440 wounded, 3,043 missing4,710 dead, 18,440 wounded, 3,043 missing McClellan had an opportunity to pursue Lee McClellan had an opportunity to pursue Lee

and finish off the crippled Confederate Armyand finish off the crippled Confederate Army He chose not to much to his demise. He chose not to much to his demise.

Lincoln fed up with the passiveness fired Lincoln fed up with the passiveness fired him and replaced him with Ambrose E. him and replaced him with Ambrose E. BurnsideBurnside

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Lincoln used this Union victory for Lincoln used this Union victory for diplomatic advantagesdiplomatic advantages

British and French had been helping the British and French had been helping the South with ships and suppliesSouth with ships and supplies

British and French begin to think twice British and French begin to think twice about helping Southabout helping South

They didn’t want to back a loser, plus they They didn’t want to back a loser, plus they had already found other sources for their had already found other sources for their cottoncotton

Lincoln also after this battle announced a Lincoln also after this battle announced a bold new policybold new policy

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Dec. 13, 1862 – FredericksburgDec. 13, 1862 – Fredericksburg Robert E. Lee defended the city from a line Robert E. Lee defended the city from a line

of fortified hills called Marye’s Heightsof fortified hills called Marye’s Heights 12,000 Union forces led by Gen. Ambrose 12,000 Union forces led by Gen. Ambrose

Burnside attacked the hills and were Burnside attacked the hills and were massacredmassacred

Lincoln is disappointed with his general, Lincoln is disappointed with his general, replaces Burnside with Joseph Hookerreplaces Burnside with Joseph Hooker

18621862 Soldier InterviewSoldier Interview Where is the Rappahannock River?Where is the Rappahannock River? Why didn’t the soldier know much about the battle when he Why didn’t the soldier know much about the battle when he

was in it?was in it? Why do you suppose the soldiers believe that if the Why do you suppose the soldiers believe that if the

common soldiers could just talk about the war they could common soldiers could just talk about the war they could end it?end it?

How did war differ from what they thought when they How did war differ from what they thought when they enlisted early in the war?enlisted early in the war?

What was the soldiers’ favorite ration (food)?What was the soldiers’ favorite ration (food)? How much money did the common soldier make?How much money did the common soldier make? Which General did the soldiers believe could “fix things?’Which General did the soldiers believe could “fix things?’ Why do you suppose they had so much confidence in him?Why do you suppose they had so much confidence in him?

18631863 Emancipation Proclamation TransparencyEmancipation Proclamation Transparency What do you see in this picture?What do you see in this picture? Who is the man?Who is the man? What symbols do you see?What symbols do you see? What do you notice about the curtain?What do you notice about the curtain? Why is it an American Flag?Why is it an American Flag? What other symbols do you see?What other symbols do you see? What does the scale, globe, sword, cross, Bible What does the scale, globe, sword, cross, Bible

stand for?stand for? The petitions on the floor and around Lincoln The petitions on the floor and around Lincoln

were mostly anti-slavery petitions from various were mostly anti-slavery petitions from various groups in the North. Why are they pictured here?groups in the North. Why are they pictured here?

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Jan. 1, 1863 Lincoln issues Emancipation Jan. 1, 1863 Lincoln issues Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

Supposed to free all slaves in Confederate Supposed to free all slaves in Confederate TerritoryTerritory

Tremendous impact on public, but freed Tremendous impact on public, but freed very few slavesvery few slaves

Most of the slaves he intended to free Most of the slaves he intended to free lived in territories to far away for Union lived in territories to far away for Union troops to enforcetroops to enforce

18631863 Why did Lincoln only free slaves in the Why did Lincoln only free slaves in the

South? The Constitution. Because freeing South? The Constitution. Because freeing slaves weakened the Confederacy. This slaves weakened the Confederacy. This was viewed as a military move and as was viewed as a military move and as Commander-in-Chief he could do so. The Commander-in-Chief he could do so. The Constitution would not allow the President Constitution would not allow the President to free slaves in the Union. However, to free slaves in the Union. However, Lincoln did request Congress to abolish Lincoln did request Congress to abolish slavery gradually. This act, despite freeing slavery gradually. This act, despite freeing few slaves, became a symbol for the North. few slaves, became a symbol for the North. They no longer were just out to preserve They no longer were just out to preserve the Union.the Union.

18631863 Response to ProclamationResponse to Proclamation Abolitionist loved it. Many were angered because Abolitionist loved it. Many were angered because

they felt Lincoln had not freed all enslaved they felt Lincoln had not freed all enslaved persons, including those in border states.persons, including those in border states.

Northern Democrats claimed the proclamation Northern Democrats claimed the proclamation would only make the war last longer because he would only make the war last longer because he angered the South.angered the South.

Union soldiers happy because it weakened the Union soldiers happy because it weakened the SouthSouth

South angered because the result was many South angered because the result was many slaves running away and depriving the South of slaves running away and depriving the South of labor and adding to Union Soldierslabor and adding to Union Soldiers

18631863 May 1863 – ChancellorsvilleMay 1863 – Chancellorsville Four day battle. Confed. led by Robert E. Four day battle. Confed. led by Robert E.

Lee, Union led by Joseph HookerLee, Union led by Joseph Hooker Confederacy wins despite losing 10,000 Confederacy wins despite losing 10,000

soldierssoldiers Great triumph but cost Lee greatly. Great triumph but cost Lee greatly.

Stonewall Jackson, Lee’s right hand man, Stonewall Jackson, Lee’s right hand man, was shot by one of his own men. He died was shot by one of his own men. He died 8 days later with pneumonia8 days later with pneumonia

Without Jackson’s brilliance to aid Lee, Without Jackson’s brilliance to aid Lee, Confederate victories will be hard to come Confederate victories will be hard to come by nowby now

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Soldier InterviewSoldier Interview What rations did the rebels usually receive?What rations did the rebels usually receive? What is a shell jacket?What is a shell jacket? Why do you suppose the South had so Why do you suppose the South had so

much trouble supplying the armies?much trouble supplying the armies? Describe several punishments used by the Describe several punishments used by the

officers.officers. What kind of equipment did the Southern What kind of equipment did the Southern

soldier carry after he became experienced?soldier carry after he became experienced?

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July 1-3, 1863 GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863 Gettysburg Union led by Gen. George Meade, Union led by Gen. George Meade,

Confed. led by Gen. George Pickett and Confed. led by Gen. George Pickett and LeeLee

Lee learned of a supply of shoes in Lee learned of a supply of shoes in Pennsylvania and led a group of soldiers Pennsylvania and led a group of soldiers to Gettysburg where they ran into Union to Gettysburg where they ran into Union troopstroops

Both sides called for reinforcements and Both sides called for reinforcements and the Battle of Gettysburg was startedthe Battle of Gettysburg was started

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90,000 Union troops, 75,000 90,000 Union troops, 75,000 ConfederatesConfederates

Union forces attempted to hold down Union forces attempted to hold down their position upon the Cemetery Ridgetheir position upon the Cemetery Ridge

The battle went on for 3 days back and The battle went on for 3 days back and forth until Lee ordered Pickett to make forth until Lee ordered Pickett to make an attempt to charge at the Union an attempt to charge at the Union forces leading 15,000 men. This charge forces leading 15,000 men. This charge became known as Pickett’s Chargebecame known as Pickett’s Charge

18631863 Union troops cut them down and caused Union troops cut them down and caused

them to retreatthem to retreat However, once again the Union forces However, once again the Union forces

failed to pursue and finish them offfailed to pursue and finish them off North lost 23,000 men, South lost 28,000North lost 23,000 men, South lost 28,000 Lee heartbroken and dejected headed Lee heartbroken and dejected headed

back for Virginia. His invasion of the North back for Virginia. His invasion of the North is halted again.is halted again.

Lincoln is wondering when he will ever find Lincoln is wondering when he will ever find a general who will finish off Lee and the a general who will finish off Lee and the SouthSouth

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The news of the victory at Gettysburg The news of the victory at Gettysburg caused great joy in the Northcaused great joy in the North

The Union success at Gettysburg The Union success at Gettysburg blocked the confederate invasion of blocked the confederate invasion of the Norththe North

This victory and others soon to come, This victory and others soon to come, proved to America and people proved to America and people overseas, that the South might fight overseas, that the South might fight on, but it was not likely to winon, but it was not likely to win

QuestionsQuestions

Why would moving Confederate troops Why would moving Confederate troops into Pennsylvania be an Advantage for into Pennsylvania be an Advantage for Lee?Lee?

Why did both sides at Gettysburg want Why did both sides at Gettysburg want to control the high ground during the to control the high ground during the battle?battle?

Why was Pickett’s charge a mistake?Why was Pickett’s charge a mistake? Why was the Battle of Gettysburg the Why was the Battle of Gettysburg the

turning point of the warturning point of the war

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July 4, 1863 – VicksburgJuly 4, 1863 – Vicksburg Vicksburg was the last remaining Vicksburg was the last remaining

Confederate Stronghold on the Mississippi Confederate Stronghold on the Mississippi RiverRiver

Grant’s initial charge was unsuccessful so Grant’s initial charge was unsuccessful so he dug in and prepared for a long battlehe dug in and prepared for a long battle

Grant surrounded the fort and cut off Grant surrounded the fort and cut off suppliessupplies

Eventually they ran out of food and had to Eventually they ran out of food and had to eat mules, dogs, and rats to surviveeat mules, dogs, and rats to survive

18631863 After a month and a half they surrenderedAfter a month and a half they surrendered Mississippi fortress falls to Gen. U.S. Grant Mississippi fortress falls to Gen. U.S. Grant

after 1 year long battleafter 1 year long battle Union fulfills Anaconda plan and gains Union fulfills Anaconda plan and gains

complete control of Mississippi river cutting complete control of Mississippi river cutting the South into 2 partsthe South into 2 parts

With the victories at Gettysburg and With the victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg the North starting to gain lots of Vicksburg the North starting to gain lots of confidenceconfidence

Britain gives up all thought of supporting Britain gives up all thought of supporting SouthSouth

Gen. Grant starting to get noticed by LincolnGen. Grant starting to get noticed by Lincoln

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July 13, 1863 – New YorkJuly 13, 1863 – New York Draft riots break out in reaction to Draft riots break out in reaction to

Lincoln passing the draft law in MarchLincoln passing the draft law in March Amazingly there is sympathy for the Amazingly there is sympathy for the

South and widespread hatred for the South and widespread hatred for the PresidentPresident

Rioting lasted for three days and Rioting lasted for three days and opposition to the war is beginningopposition to the war is beginning

18631863 Sept. 19-20 ChickamaugaSept. 19-20 Chickamauga Confederates gain a little confidence backConfederates gain a little confidence back After two decisive losses, Confederates win at After two decisive losses, Confederates win at

Chickamauga Creek in Georgia under Gen. Chickamauga Creek in Georgia under Gen. Braxton BraggBraxton Bragg

This was a battle fought in terrain of thick and This was a battle fought in terrain of thick and dense woods and underbrushdense woods and underbrush

Dominated entirely by Confederacy other than Dominated entirely by Confederacy other than the Union’s left flank which was led by Gen. the Union’s left flank which was led by Gen. George Thomas. This area of the battle came to George Thomas. This area of the battle came to be known as “The Rock of Chickamauga”be known as “The Rock of Chickamauga”

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Oct. 3 1863 – Thanksgiving ProclamationOct. 3 1863 – Thanksgiving Proclamation A bright spot in the warA bright spot in the war President Lincoln issues the Thanksgiving President Lincoln issues the Thanksgiving

ProclamationProclamation Lincoln calls for a day of observance on Lincoln calls for a day of observance on

the last Thursday of Novemberthe last Thursday of November People will have a chance for a break and People will have a chance for a break and

a chance to be thankful for the things they a chance to be thankful for the things they havehave

18631863 Nov. 19, 1863 – Lincoln delivers Gettysburg Nov. 19, 1863 – Lincoln delivers Gettysburg

AddressAddress After the Battle of Gettysburg the U.S. After the Battle of Gettysburg the U.S.

government set aside 17 acres of the battlefield government set aside 17 acres of the battlefield as a soldiers’ cemeteryas a soldiers’ cemetery

Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony. Lincoln had to wait more dedication ceremony. Lincoln had to wait more than 2 hours for featured speaker Edward Everett than 2 hours for featured speaker Edward Everett to deliver his speech. to deliver his speech.

Speech only lasted 2 minutes. Speech only lasted 2 minutes. Lincoln asked for increased dedication and a new Lincoln asked for increased dedication and a new

birth of freedombirth of freedom

18631863 Nov. 23-25, 1863 – ChattanoogaNov. 23-25, 1863 – Chattanooga Frustrated and anxious after losing at Frustrated and anxious after losing at

Chickamauga, Gen. Thomas led his Union army of Chickamauga, Gen. Thomas led his Union army of the Cumberland up Missionary Ridge and Lookout the Cumberland up Missionary Ridge and Lookout MountainMountain

Thomas earned a crushing victory over Gen. Thomas earned a crushing victory over Gen. Bragg’s rebel forcesBragg’s rebel forces

Union forces engaged without official orders and Union forces engaged without official orders and took the ridge in one hourtook the ridge in one hour

With the control of the major Southern city, Union With the control of the major Southern city, Union forces can now easily move into Georgia and forces can now easily move into Georgia and Alabama and further split the ConfederacyAlabama and further split the Confederacy

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March 10, 1864 – Grant gets well March 10, 1864 – Grant gets well deserved Positiondeserved Position

Lincoln appoints U. S. Grant to Lincoln appoints U. S. Grant to command all Union armies. Lincoln command all Union armies. Lincoln is tired of incompetenceis tired of incompetence

This strengthens the Union’s military This strengthens the Union’s military potentialpotential

18641864 May 5-17, 1864 – SpottsylvaniaMay 5-17, 1864 – Spottsylvania Battle known as the wilderness because of the Battle known as the wilderness because of the

thickness of treesthickness of trees Even though being outnumbered South has Even though being outnumbered South has

advantageadvantage During this battle woods caught on fire, During this battle woods caught on fire,

incinerating many soldiersincinerating many soldiers High death totals on both sides, which caused a High death totals on both sides, which caused a

retreat by bothretreat by both Armies met up again later and it resulted in many Armies met up again later and it resulted in many

more deaths. Lee won again but did suffer many more deaths. Lee won again but did suffer many losseslosses

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Soldier InterviewSoldier Interview What other jobs did the bandsmen have What other jobs did the bandsmen have

besides playing the regimental band besides playing the regimental band music?music?

What happened at Chancellorsville What happened at Chancellorsville because the surgeons were unable to because the surgeons were unable to reach the wounded soldiers?reach the wounded soldiers?

What did a surgeon do if a soldier’s limb What did a surgeon do if a soldier’s limb bone was shattered?bone was shattered?

Describe the role women nurses had on a Describe the role women nurses had on a battlefield.battlefield.

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What were most wounds caused by?What were most wounds caused by? What killer was even worse than What killer was even worse than

battle deaths?battle deaths? Why do you suppose the surgeon Why do you suppose the surgeon

said that General Grant was “using said that General Grant was “using up” his soldiers?up” his soldiers?

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June 9, 1864 – Lincoln earns re-June 9, 1864 – Lincoln earns re-nominationnomination

Lincoln won the party’s re-nomination Lincoln won the party’s re-nomination along with running mate Andrew along with running mate Andrew JohnsonJohnson

The party’s platform included putting The party’s platform included putting down the Confederate rebellion and a down the Confederate rebellion and a constitutional amendment ending constitutional amendment ending slaveryslavery

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June 10, 1864 South expands draft ageJune 10, 1864 South expands draft age Went from 18-35 to an increase from Went from 18-35 to an increase from

17-5017-50 South’s troops being depleted need to South’s troops being depleted need to

replenishreplenish Estimated that under this new law, it Estimated that under this new law, it

will account for nearly 1/3 of the total will account for nearly 1/3 of the total Confederate armies in the months to Confederate armies in the months to comecome

18641864 Aug. 5, 1864 – Mobile BayAug. 5, 1864 – Mobile Bay Union wins major naval battleUnion wins major naval battle Admiral David Farragut displays Union’s Admiral David Farragut displays Union’s

superiority at seasuperiority at sea Union seizes the port and seizes the city of MobileUnion seizes the port and seizes the city of Mobile During this battle, Farragut’s fleet steamed During this battle, Farragut’s fleet steamed

through a minefield and sparked famous through a minefield and sparked famous command: “Damn the torpedoes—full steam command: “Damn the torpedoes—full steam ahead.”ahead.”

Another key victory for Union. Union moving Another key victory for Union. Union moving closer to Atlanta, Georgiacloser to Atlanta, Georgia

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Aug, 31, 1864 – Democrats choose their Aug, 31, 1864 – Democrats choose their candidatecandidate

Democrats choose George B. McClellan to Democrats choose George B. McClellan to oppose Lincolnoppose Lincoln

Democrats choose George H. Pendleton as Democrats choose George H. Pendleton as the running matethe running mate

Their platform includes a demand to Their platform includes a demand to immediately end the war and restore the immediately end the war and restore the UnionUnion

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Sept. 2, 1864 – AtlantaSept. 2, 1864 – Atlanta Gen. William T. Sherman captures Gen. William T. Sherman captures

AtlantaAtlanta Sherman’s men fought several battles Sherman’s men fought several battles

as they approached Atlanta. Rebel as they approached Atlanta. Rebel forces evacuated the city on Sept. 1. forces evacuated the city on Sept. 1. Sherman after shelling the city for Sherman after shelling the city for days occupied the city the next day.days occupied the city the next day.

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Nov. 8, 1864 – Lincoln wins re-electionNov. 8, 1864 – Lincoln wins re-election Received 212 electoral votes and McClellan Received 212 electoral votes and McClellan

21 – McClellan only won 3 states Delaware, 21 – McClellan only won 3 states Delaware, Kentucky, New JerseyKentucky, New Jersey

Popular vote – Lincoln 2.3 million, McClellan Popular vote – Lincoln 2.3 million, McClellan 1.8 million1.8 million

Military vote – Lincoln won 116,897 to Military vote – Lincoln won 116,897 to 33,74833,748

Lincoln begins his pursuit to reunite the Lincoln begins his pursuit to reunite the UnionUnion

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Nov. 15, 1864 Sherman begins his march Nov. 15, 1864 Sherman begins his march through Georgia to the seathrough Georgia to the sea

Sherman leads 60,000 soldiers on march Sherman leads 60,000 soldiers on march through Georgiathrough Georgia

Sherman cut a path of destruction 60 Sherman cut a path of destruction 60 miles wide and 300 miles longmiles wide and 300 miles long

They burned houses, barns, towns, cropsThey burned houses, barns, towns, crops They tore up RR tracks and killed farm They tore up RR tracks and killed farm

animals along the wayanimals along the way

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December 1864 Sherman captures December 1864 Sherman captures SavannahSavannah

Sherman sent Lincoln a telegram Sherman sent Lincoln a telegram after this battle: “I beg to present after this battle: “I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah, with 150 heavy guns and Savannah, with 150 heavy guns and about 25,000 bales of cotton.”about 25,000 bales of cotton.”

The North is sensing victory the end The North is sensing victory the end is nearly in sightis nearly in sight

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Feb. 3, 1865 – River QueenFeb. 3, 1865 – River Queen Lincoln along with other officials travel to Lincoln along with other officials travel to

Hampton Roads, VA to meet with Hampton Roads, VA to meet with Confederate leaders to discuss peace Confederate leaders to discuss peace termsterms

Lincoln tells Rebel officials only after the Lincoln tells Rebel officials only after the Confederacy recognizes the national Confederacy recognizes the national authority of the United States over the authority of the United States over the rebel states would serious peace terms be rebel states would serious peace terms be consideredconsidered

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Lincoln also told Rebel V.P. Alexander Lincoln also told Rebel V.P. Alexander Stephens there would be no peace treaty Stephens there would be no peace treaty because the CSA was never a separate because the CSA was never a separate nationnation

The Confederates thought Lincoln’s The Confederates thought Lincoln’s demands sounded too much like demands sounded too much like unconditional surrender so nothing came unconditional surrender so nothing came from this meetingfrom this meeting

Rebel forces will continue to fight on until Rebel forces will continue to fight on until capturedcaptured

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March 4, 1865 – Lincoln inauguratedMarch 4, 1865 – Lincoln inaugurated Second term beginsSecond term begins Discusses peace optionsDiscusses peace options Discusses restoring the UnionDiscusses restoring the Union

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Soldier InterviewSoldier Interview Describe the soldiers’ life in a trench.Describe the soldiers’ life in a trench. What were the Southern soldiers’ What were the Southern soldiers’

reactions to the North using black reactions to the North using black soldiers against them in battle?soldiers against them in battle?

How did the Southerners react when How did the Southerners react when Mr. Greeley asked about the possibility Mr. Greeley asked about the possibility of the South’s losing the war?of the South’s losing the war?

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April 3, 1865 Petersburg, RichmondApril 3, 1865 Petersburg, Richmond Union troops under leadership of Grant Union troops under leadership of Grant

finally beat Rebel forces led by Leefinally beat Rebel forces led by Lee Capture the region around Petersburg and Capture the region around Petersburg and

RichmondRichmond The nine month siege of Petersburg cost The nine month siege of Petersburg cost

the Union 60,000 troops in the 1the Union 60,000 troops in the 1stst month month This siege began just after the Cold Harbor This siege began just after the Cold Harbor

incident where Grant lost 7,000 men incident where Grant lost 7,000 men

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Lee finally has to surrender and pull Lee finally has to surrender and pull out of the cityout of the city

President Davis received word while President Davis received word while in church and by 11:00 a.m. in church and by 11:00 a.m. evacuated the cityevacuated the city

Monday April 3, 1865 Union troops Monday April 3, 1865 Union troops enter the city and occupy the enter the city and occupy the Confederate capitalConfederate capital

The war is all but overThe war is all but over

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April 5, 1865 Lincoln takes a tour of April 5, 1865 Lincoln takes a tour of RichmondRichmond

He even toured Davis’ homeHe even toured Davis’ home Troops cheered, citizens cried as Troops cheered, citizens cried as

they watched the Confederate flag they watched the Confederate flag lowered and the Stars and Stripes lowered and the Stars and Stripes raisedraised

18651865 April 6, 1865 – Saylor’s CreekApril 6, 1865 – Saylor’s Creek Retreating and trying to stay together Lee Retreating and trying to stay together Lee

mounts one more charge at Saylor’s Creekmounts one more charge at Saylor’s Creek Lasts one day and ends in Union victoryLasts one day and ends in Union victory In wake of the battle, 8,000 Confederates; In wake of the battle, 8,000 Confederates;

approx. 1/3 of Lee’s troops, surrender. This is approx. 1/3 of Lee’s troops, surrender. This is the largest number of any war in North the largest number of any war in North AmericaAmerica

On this “Black Thursday” Lee continued to On this “Black Thursday” Lee continued to retreat West. His comment on news of the retreat West. His comment on news of the surrender: “My God! Has my army dissolved?”surrender: “My God! Has my army dissolved?”

Lee’s surrender is imminent nowLee’s surrender is imminent now

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April 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders to GrantApril 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant Lee surrenders to Grant in the home of Lee surrenders to Grant in the home of

Wilmer McLean at Appomattox Court HouseWilmer McLean at Appomattox Court House 3 hour meeting, ending with surrender. 3 hour meeting, ending with surrender. Took place on Palm SundayTook place on Palm Sunday Terms included surrender of Confederate Terms included surrender of Confederate

Army, turning over Rebel arms and Army, turning over Rebel arms and supplies, Rebels could keep private horses supplies, Rebels could keep private horses and arms. Lee did not surrender his swordand arms. Lee did not surrender his sword

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Hot Seat ActivityHot Seat Activity

18651865 April 15, 1865 Lincoln is assassinatedApril 15, 1865 Lincoln is assassinated April 26, 1865 Booth captured and killedApril 26, 1865 Booth captured and killed May 10, 1865 CSA President Davis captured in May 10, 1865 CSA President Davis captured in

GeorgiaGeorgia Davis tried to escape, even dressing as a woman Davis tried to escape, even dressing as a woman

but the 4but the 4thth Michigan Cavalry captured him Michigan Cavalry captured him Davis was taken to Fort Monroe, VA and Davis was taken to Fort Monroe, VA and

imprisonedimprisoned Along with Davis captured were Varina Davis his Along with Davis captured were Varina Davis his

wife, Postmaster Gen. John H. Reagan, wife, Postmaster Gen. John H. Reagan, Presidential Secretary Burton Harrison and a few Presidential Secretary Burton Harrison and a few othersothers

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Civil War is overCivil War is over