Battery Storage Systems and Smart Mini-grid - Sharing Our Experiences - Parimita Mohanty

Battery storage systems and Smart mini-grid

- Sharing our experiences

PARIMITA MOHANTY, TERI

Workshop on ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS

3-4 April 2013, ADB Headquarters

How critical the selection of energy storage

Energy storage

Power quality Power backup

Lighting Telecom Micro-

mini-grid E-vehicle

Grid stability

Critical load

Comparison Comparison

Storage batteries for solar lighting and small PV applications - TERI’s experiences

Battery Analyser

Environment chamber s

TERI’s battery testing facility

Features: • 4 batteries can be tested simultaneously • Different mode are present for charging and discharging test. • Capable of testing various types of batteries such as Lead-acid, Li-

ion/Lithium Polymer and NiMH • Maximum charging and discharging rate-20Amp

Battery Capacity Tester

Battery charging experiment in DC micro-grid application

battery Inverter Performance evaluation experiment

On field testing of the battery in Solar Lantern

Performance testing of the solar PV modules using solar array simulator and load emulator

Sealed Lead Acid (SLA)

Nickel Cadmium (NiCd)

Lithium Ion Cobalt (Li-ion)

Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)

Battery chemistries

http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/secondary_batteries

Battery chemistry comparison

S.NO. Standard No Name of the Standards

1. IEC 61427 Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) – General

requirements and methods of test

2 IEC 61951-2 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –

portable sealed rechargeable single cells – NiMH (Part 2)

3 IS 13369 : 1992 Stationary lead acid batteries – in monobloc containers – specs

4 JIS C 8702-1 Small sized sealed lead-acid batteries Part 1: General requirements, functional

characteristics – methods of test

5 JIS C 8702-2 Small-sized sealed lead-acid batteries (valve regulated types) Part2: Dimensions,

terminals and marking

6 JIS C 8702-3 Small-sized sealed lead-acid batteries (valve regulated types) Part 3: Safety

recommendations for use in electric applications

7 IEC 60896 – 11 Stationary lead acid batteries – Part 11 – Vented types – general requirements and

methods of tests

8 IES 61960 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –

Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications

9 PVRS 5A PV GAP recommended specification – Lead acid batteries for solar photovoltaic

energy systems – General requirements and methods of test for modified automotive

batteries

10 PVRS 11A PV GAP recommended specification : Portable solar photovoltaic lanterns – Design

qualification and type approval, Extension to include lanterns with nickel-metal

hydride batteries

List of standards/test methods

Recommended battery testing details

Model A

• Battery Capacity : 4.61 Ah • Runtime with LED lantern : 5.74 hrs*.

Battery capacity analysis of 2 nos. of 6V/4.5Ah lead acid battery of same make and same manufacturing date (MFD)

Model B

Battery Capacity : 2.81 Ah Runtime with LED lantern : 3.98 hrs.*

Model-A discharging cycle Model-A Charging cycle

Model-B charging cycle Model-B discharging cycle

Capacity measurement of SMF @ various temperature

Capacity measurement at -20° C

• Nominal Battery capacity :4.5 Ah

• Observed Battery Capacity : 4.61 Ah

• % variation in battery capacity: +2.45

Capacity measurement at 25° C

• Nominal Battery capacity : 4.5Ah


• % variation in battery capacity: -49.11

Capacity measurement at 45°

C

• Nominal Battery capacity : 4.5Ah


• % variation in battery capacity: +5.34

Capacity of 6V/4.5Ah lead acid battery at 20°C, 25°C, 45°C

• Nominal Battery capacity : 2 Ah


• % variation in battery capacity: -26 %

Capacity measurement of 7.2V/2Ah Lithium Ion battery at various temperature

Model-E discharging cycle Model-E Charging cycle

Capacity measurement at -20° C



• % variation in battery capacity: +3.5%

Model-B discharging cycle

Capacity measurement at 25°C



• % variation in battery capacity: +5.5 %

Model-B discharging cycle Model-B Charging cycle

Capacity measurement at 45°C

Capacity of 7.2V/2Ah Li-ion battery at -20°C, 25°C, 45°C

Comparative assessment of lead acid battery based and li-ion battery based LED lantern

Lead acid based lantern and li-ion based lantern are being charged by power supply

Test parameters

(lead acid battery based LED lantern)

(li-ion battery based LED lantern)

Battery (V/Ah) 6V/4.5Ah 7.2V/2Ah

Charging time (hrs.) 15.60 7.4

% variation in battery capacity

-49% @-20 deg C

2.45% @ 25 deg C

5.34%@ 45 deg C

-26% @-20 deg C

3.5 % @ 25 deg C

5.5 %@ 45 deg C

Test results of Li-ion battery lantern vs. lead acid battery based lantern

• Quality issues in both Lead acid and Lithium ion- batteries

• Battery management /electronics is more critical for Lithium based than Lead acid based batteries

Field observations

Central generating station Transmission Tower

Solar Power plant Wind Generators

Mini grid

Reliability and quality

of power

Requirement of

multiple local

control system

Require effective power

management for power routing

Smart Mini-grid- An electricity distribution network operating below 11 KV, providing electricity to a community. It is supplied by a diverse range of small, local, conventional generators, such as a diesel gensets combined with a range of renewable generators, such as micro-hydro power plants, wind turbines, biomass and solar PV.

Courtesy: TERI

4/5/2013 23

Distributed Generation based Smart Mini-Grid system at TERI, Gram, India

Charge Controller

Inverter

Generator

Switch

Introducing the SMG facility at TERI, GualPahari

Charge Controller

Inverter

Generator

Switch Intelligent Load Dispatch

Analog Digital

Interface

Charge Controller

Inverter

Generator

Role of storage batteries in Mini-grids - TERI’s experience

smg_new.exe

Standard design Standard Design

Optimal placement of batteries: Efficient, Reliable and Flexible Solar PV system

The improved design separates day/night, critical/non-critical loads and offers flexibility in connecting other energy resources and in the future, the grid.

• The overall configuration, performance and cost economics of any power application mainly depends on

– Optimum selection of energy storage

– Planning and Placement of energy storage

– Scheduling and energy storage management

To summarize

THANK YOU

Battery Storage Systems and Smart Mini-grid - Sharing Our Experiences - Parimita Mohanty

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