1

oaHq;a fldaI

oaHq;a fldaI hkq ridhksl m%;sl%shdjla u.ska ridhksl Yla;sh Hq;a

Yla;sh njg mjr;Kh l, yels Wmdx.hls'

uq,sl jYfhka oaHq;a fldaI foj.hlg fjkal, yel tk

1& m%d:l fldaI 2& oa;sl fldaI

fuysos wm nd;d lrkqfha oa;sl neg f' m%d:l neg hkq

nd;fhka miq kej; wdfrdamKh l, fkdyels fldaIh'

oa;sl fldaI hkq kej; wdfrdamKh l,yels fldaIf' fudag r:

lafIa;%fha nd; jkqfha o fujeks neghls' th Bh w, neghla f,i

ykajkq ,ef'

fudg r: neg

fudag r:hlg wjYH jkafka kej; msrh yels fukau Starter motor ioyd wjYH jk wl Odrdj ,ndosh yels neghls' wl Odrdjla ;ekam;a l< yels whqka bf,lfg%dav ilia lr idok ,o f,

wlshqf,ag (Lead accumulator) fldaI wjYH .Kkg fY%aKs.;j inkaO lsfuka fudag r: lafIa;%fha oelsh yels neg ksudKh lr

we;'

2

by; olaj we;af;a fjda, 12 l fudag r: neghla ilialr we;s

wdldrhl rem igykls' t ioyd fldaI yhl fY%aKs.;j inkaO lr

we;' tg tla fldaIhl fjda,ah;dj 2V ksid tjeks fldaI yhlska 12V fjda,ah;djfhka hq;a Odrjla msgflf' tf,iu fjda,a yhl ,s

moaO;s iys; fudag r: ioyd negh ilia lr we;af;a fldaI ;=klska

hq;=jh'

jdykhla mK.kajd .eksu ioyd mK.ekaf fudagrhg wjYH

,s Odrdj iemhsu negh u.ska flfrk m%Odk ldrHh f' thg

wu;rj mq,s.= fmakq j, mq,s.= we;s lsu ioyd wjYH oaHq;a Yla;sh

ieuhsuo fuu.ska islrhs' cklfhka ksmojk oHq;a Yla;s m%udKh wvqjq

g ^r:fha wjYH ;djhg jvd wvq jq g& tu wvq oaHq;a Yla;s m%udKh

iemhsuo negh u.ska islrhs' fudag r: j, Nd;d lrkqfha f,

w, (Lead acid)jr.fha neh'

fuys fYaI;ajh jkqfha ickh jq miq kej; ndysr ,s

Odrdjla ,ndosu u.ska wdfrdamKh lsug yels uhs'

3

Lead Accumulator Battery

ishu Bh neg uq,sl jYfhka ksudKh lr we;s whqre iudk

jqj;a th ksIamdokh lrk iud. j, ksudK iajremh wkqj iq

jYfhka fjkial we;' neghl fldaI (Cell) ish,a,u iudk f,i ksmojd we;s w;r ridhksl m%;sl%shdjlg Ndckh jk Bh (pb/f,) iy Bh Y%K (pbo2/f, vfhdlaihs) bf,lafg%dav ;yvq f,i negh ;=, nyd we;'

fldaI fjklr we;af;a rn" iska;la jeks oe j,ska tlsfklg

fjkalr we;' fuu ;yvq iudk;r.; f,i iNkaO fldg ;yvq f.dkakla

f,I tl,eia lr we;s w;r th ;yvq f.dkq folla f,I inkaO f'

tfiau tu Ok ;yvqj f.dkakg w.%hla inkaO fldg th (+) Ok w.%h f,i;a iDK ;yvq f.dkakg w.%hla inkaO lr th (-) w.%h f,i;a fldaI ;=,ska msg;g f.k we;'

neg nfka yevh wkqj th iudk ldur lsysmhlg fnod we;s w;r

;yvq f.dkq tu ldur j, m;=,g inkaO fkdjk fia tk m;=f,a bv

iys; isk fia ilia fldg we; tu.ska negfha we;s wmjHh ;ekam;a

ug yelsjk f,ih' th uka l=rh (Sediment chamber)k f'

neg ;yvq ksudKh lr we;af;a ;o Bh j,ska iy ,eka rduq

l%uhghs' fuu rduq ;=, uD Bh(pb) mqrjd th iDK ;yvq f,i;a pbo2 mqrjd th Ok ;yvq f,i;a ksmojd we;' fuys Ok ;yvq Uqre meyehlao

iDK ;yvq w iq meyehlao .ks' fuys iDK ;yvq folla w;rg Ok

;yvq tlalr we;af;a ieu gu ridhksl Yla;sh jelr .eksug fyj;a

negfha Od;djh jelr .eksu ioydhs'

4

neghl uq,sl fldgia

5

YsIaG .=re;ajh (Specific Gravity)

YsIag .=re;ajh hkq hlsis jhl iy c,fha >k;ajh tlsfklg

ikaaikaokh lsfuka YsIag .=re;ajh ,ef' YsIaG .=re;ajh u.ska

fy,sor lrkqfh hlsis jhla ner iy c,fha nr w;r inkaO;djhhs'

hlsis jhl nr oelafos tu mudj we;s c,h m%udKhl nrg

idfmalaIj m%ldY lsug b; myiqh'

YsIG .=re;ajhg tllhla fkdue; '

neghl Cell tlla ;=, isjk ridhksl m%;sl%shdf is>%;djh md,kh lsug Ok ;yvq j,g jefhka tla >K ;yvqjla jemqr

fhdodf.k we;'

neg wdjrK (Battery Case)

neg wdjrKh hkq neghl yevh ,ndos we;s mjKhhs' fjd

yd rn" tukhs" ma,diala jeks w, iu. m%;sl%shd fkdlrk mjdrl

f'

negre wjrKhl ;sh hq;= .=Kdx.

lmk j,g Tfrd;a;= osh hq;=h'

WIaK;ajhg Tfrd;a;= osh hq;=h'

Yla;su;a h hq;=h'

ridhksl jH iu. m%;sl%shd fkdl, hq;=h'

ikakdhl;ajhla fkd;sh hq;=h'

6

fldaI inkaOlh (Cell connectors)

fldaI inkaOdlh hkq fldaI folla inkaOjk ia:dkhhs' fuu.ska

tla fldaIhl wjidkfha we;s >DK ;yvqj;la wfkla fldaIfha wdrNfha

we;s Ok ;yvqj;a wnkaO u islrhs' neghl fldaI lsysmhla inkaO

lrkqfha Cell connectors u.skss'

fjkal+re ;yvq (Separators)

fjkal+re ;yvq hkq Ok yd >DK ;yvq tlsfkl .eu je,elau

ioyd tjd w;rg fhdod we;s ;yvqjls' Porous rubber yd Glass fiber jeks jHkaf.ka fjd idod we;'

oHq;a fPaoaH idod.eksu

H2SO4 w,h iy wdi%e; c,h Y%lsfuka ieliq oHq;a fPaoh ;kql H2SO4 fj,o fmdf,ka ,nd.; yels f tfy;a ludka;hla jYfhka wdl jdis iy Y%Kfha msis lu i,ld 96% l m%;sY;hla we;s idka H2SO4 iy wdi%e; c,h Y% lsfuka ludka; Yd,dfos YdKh ms,sfh, lr.kq ,nhs'

Y%Kh ms,sfh, lsfos o, jYfhka wdi%e; c,h iy idka

H2SO4 w,h 3:1 wkqmd;hg Y%lsu l, hq;= jkafka ish yels wk;=re j,lajd .eksu ioyd c,hg H2SO4 w,h l%ufhka tl;= lsfukss' Y%Kh ms,sfh, l, wjia:df tys wIaK;ajh wl neka th

meh 02 l muK ld,hla isis,a ug bv ykq ,nhs'

bka wk;=rej tys YsIaG .=re;ajh mlaId l, hq;= w;r th 1'25 la

h hq;=h'

7

neghla ;=, we;sjk ridhksl m%;sl%shd

Bh w, neghla fyj;a oa;sl fldaIhl wNHka;r ridhksl

m%;sl%shdj i,ld ne,sfos iu; jYfhka YsIa: .=re;ajh 1'25 la jq

H2SO4 w,h ;=, pb (f,) iy pbo2 (f, vfhdlaihs / fmfrlaihs) ;yvq ;enq g fuu ;yvq u.ska ksIamdokh jk Wmu fjda,ah;djh

2.1V muK f' fldaIfha m%udKh Yd, lsfuka tk neg ;yvq j, u;=msg j.M,h jelfukaa fyd ;yvq .Kk jelsfuka ,efnk oHq;a

Yla;s m%udKh jelr.; yels jqjo fldaIh W;amdokh lrk fjda,ah;djh

jeula islr.kq ,eu wmyiqh'

Bh w, neghla ;=, we;sjk fuu l%shdj,sh oHq;a

fPaoaH l%shdj,shg iudk f' fuysos wefkdavh f,i negfha Ok

;yvqo (+) tk pbo2 o lef;dvh f,i negfha iDK ;yvqo (-) tk pb o oHq;a fPaoaH f,i ;kql H2SO4 w,ho l%shdlrhs'

wdfrdams; fldaIhla

8

neghla ickh u

(+ ;yvqj) (- ;yvqj) (+ ;yvqj) (- ;yvqj)

neghla ;=, mj;sk oaHq;a fPaoaH jk ;kql H2SO4 w,h mj;skqfha H+ whk yd so42- whk f,ih' fuis Ok ;yvqj yd iDK ;yvqj tlsfklg inkaO l,g we;sjk ndysr mm:h ;=,ska oHq;a

Odrdjla .,kqfha neg ;yvqj, jq ridhksl jHh yd oaHq;a fPaol

w;r we;sjk ridhksl m%;sl%shdj fya;=fjka ridhksl Yla;sh oaHq;a

Yla;sh njg mj;kh u fya;fldg f.kh'

iDK ;yvqf we;s pb w, Y%Kfh we;s so42- whk iu. m%;sl%shdlr tu; pbso4 ksmojkq ,nk w;r Ok ;yvqf we;s pbo2 w, Y%Kfha we;s so42- whk iu. m%;sl%sh lr pbso4 t u; ksmojka djkhg O2 uqodykq ,nhs' fuysos djKfha we;s H+ whk O2 iu. tl;= H2O ksmojhs'

f wkqj neghla ickh fos Ok ;yvqj, we;s

pbo2 pbso4 f,i;a iDK ;yvqf we;s pb pbso4 njg;a mj;kh jk w;r H2SO4 w,h

H2O njg;a m;af' t wkqj Y%Kfha m%udKh je Y%Kfha YsIAG .=re;ajh my, hhs' t u.ska ;yvqj, pbso4 m%udKh jejk g .,kq ,nk Odrj l%ufhka wvq negh irck ;;ajhg m;af'

9

neghla wdfrdamKh lsu

(+ ;yvqj) (- ;yvqj) (+ ;yvqj) (- ;yvqj)

f, w, fldaIhla kej; wdfrdamKh lsu ioyd fldaIfhka

Odrdj ,nd.;a osYdjg m%;sreoaO osYdjg ir, Odrdjla fldaIhg ,ndosh

hq;=h'

fldaIhg fufia Odrdj ,ndfok g by; ioyka jq m%;sl%shdj

isjk w;r tk oaHq;a fPaolfha we;s c,h H2 yd O2 njg fhdckh jk w;r neg ;yvqj, we;s so42- whk oaHq;a fPaohg tl;= H+ whk iu. inkO kej; H2SO4 w,h ksmojkq ,nhs'

;jo oaHq;a fPaofha we;s O2 whk iu. Ok ;yvqf jq pb whk m%;sl%shd lr tu; pbo2 ksmojhs' f wkqj neghlg Odrj mj;kh f' oaHq;a fPaofha we;s c,h fhdackh u ksido we;sjk H2yd O2 jdhqj + ;yvq wi,ska O2 f,i;a - ;yvqj wi,ska H2 f,i;a msgf' by; ioyka l%shdj,sfhaos w, Y%Kfha we;s H2SO4 m%udKh l%ufhka jejk w;r H2O m%udKh wvqf'

tuksid w, Y%Kfha YsIaG .=re;ajh jejk w;r u wu;rj

w, Y%K uguo my, niskq ,ef' tu ksid neg wdfrdamKh lsfos

wm Y%Khg ksh; ugug olajd msg;ska wdiq; c,h tl;= l, hq;=h'

fuu m%;sl%shdj my; mos ,sh yelsh'

10

f, w, neg j.

1. f;;a neg (Wet battery) 2. h,s wdfrdams; neg (Dry battery) 3. kv;a;= wkjYHh neg (Maintenance free battery)

f;;a neg (Wet battery)

neg ;=,g oHq;a fPaoh fhdod wdfrdamKh lr we;' negh

m%fhdackhg .kakd wjia:dfos negh fjda,ah;djh mlaId lr fjda,a

12 lg jvd wvq k ksh; fjda,ah;dj ,efnk ;=re negh fifuka

wdfrdamkKh l, hq;=h' nd;d fkdfldg l,la ;snqfkdfyd;a iajhx

ickh ula isf' ickh l,la mej;=fkdfyd;a negh kej;

wdfrdamKh l, fkdyels ;;a;hg m;a f'

f ksid .nvdlr we;s f;;a neg uilg jrla mrlaIdlr n,

imqKfhka wdfrdms; ;;ajhg m;jkf;la fifuka wdfrdamKh l,

hq;=h'

h

11

kv;a;= wkjYHh neg (Maintenance free battery)

fjd iuyr kk jdyk j, Nd;d lrhs' neg fldaI ioyd

uq fkdue;' neg uqk uqlr we;' fuu neg j, oHq;a

fPaok ugu mlaId lsula fyda wdiD; c,h tl;= lsula

wjYHh ke;'

kv;a;= jYfhka l,hq;= jkafka negh yd w.% msisj ;nd

.eksu yd wjYh k kej; wdfrdamKh lsuhs' negh uqfka we;s

oYlh u.ska wdfrdamK ;;ajh fmkakq lrhs' jdyk ,s moaO;s

j, fjda,a 6,12, 24 fjda,ah;d Nd;d lrhs' fuysos 24V ioyd neg folla fY%aKs.;j inkaO lr Nd;d lrkq ,ef'

neghl Wi yd m

12

neghl Od;dj (Battery capacity)

neghl Od;h hkq tu negfhka ,nd.; yels oaHq; Yla;s

m%udKhhs' fuu Yla;s m%udKh neg ;yvqj, we;s l%shdl jHh

m%udKh neg ;yvqj, uq fla%I;% j.M,h yd oaHq;a fPaofha we;s

w, m%udKh u; rod mj;shs'

negh Od;h hkq 26.7oC WIaK;ajhla hgf;a imqKfhka wdfrdams; neghl fldaIj, fjda,ah;djh 1.75V lg jvd my, fkdf.dia meh 20la ;=,os negfhka fkdlvjd ,n.; yels ksh; ,s

Odrd m%udKh 20ka .=Klfuka ,efnk w.h tu negfha Od;djhhs'

th wemshr meh (AH) j,ska ,ef'

WodyrKhla f,I iuqmqKfhka wdfrdams; h neghlska by;

ioyka ;;aj hgf;a 20AH ;=,os fkdlvjd ,nd.; yels Odrf m%udKh 5A k tu negfha Od;djh jkqfha

fldaI fjda,ah;djhg 1.75V jvd my, fkdf.dia meh 20 ;=,os ,nd.; yels Odr m%udKh = 5A negfha Odrj ,nd.;a ld,h = 20 Hour negfha Odr;dj =20 5 = 100AH iudkHfhka l=vd fudag r: ioyd Nd;d lrk neg j,

Od;djh 35AH isg 65AH muK olajdo nia r: jeks nrjdyk ioyd 140AH isg 200AH olajd nego nd;d lrkq ,ef'

13

neg fodaI iys; ug n,mdk idOl'

oHq;a fPaoaH wm;% u (Contamination)

oHq;a fPaoaHg jH ksid tys meyeh fjkia f'

laf,daka - uyq c,h u.ska

fimfgr wjK u iy ;yvqj u; mg,hla neosu' w,h wre meyehla .eksu' Ok ;yvqj Ldokh u'

le,ais" ue.akSish - lk c,h u.ska

w,h wre meyehla .eksu Ok ;yvqj Ldohk u

hlv - w,h ;o r;= meyehla .eksu

;U - w,h ks,a fld< meyehla .eksu

fldaI msrug fhdod .kakd c,h u.ska fndfyda g negh

laf,daka" le,ais iy ue.aksish wu,hg tl;= f' negfha flan,a

jh gk, msis lsfos;a wfrdamKh iy jh gk, inkaO

jdykh w;ajehd lrk wjia:dj,os bj;a lrk ,o jh len,s iy

weK wdosh negh ;=

14

fPaoH ugu ielsu w;miq lsu

(Neglecting to top up)

,laIK - jd;hg ksrdjKh jq fldgia we;s jHhka ye,s hd'

fya;=j

1. ksis f,jg fldaI msru is fkdlsu

2. w wdfrdamKh

3. wl Odrdjla .eksu

4. jdykfha tkacdf wIaK;ajh wl u

je,elau

uilg fojrla wdi%e; c,h ugu mlaId lr, n,d ksh; m%udKhg wdi%e; c,h Nd;d lr ielisu'

wvqfjka wdfrdamKh u (Under charging)

,laIK 1. Ok ;yvqj >k u'

fyd;=j 1. jdykh ksr;=rj Odjh fkdlsu' 2. *eka fn,a nqre,a u' 3. wdfrdamKh" Odrdj wvqfjka ilid ;su'

j

15

neg mqmqrd he (Explosion)

fyd;=j

1. neg w.% w;r fl mm: we;s u'

2. jdykh oHq;a moaO;sh u.ska wl Odrdjla ,nd .eksu'

3. neg wdfrdaamKh jk wjia:dj,os ,s mq,s.= u.ska fyda oe,ajq je fyda .sksl=re u.ska negfhka wl Odrdjla

,nd .eksfos we;sjk jdhqf msvkh yd wdfrdamKfhaos

we;sjk H2 jdhqj .sks .eksu ksid;a neg mqmqrd hdu isf'

j

16

w, idkaKh je u (High gravity acid)

,laIK

1. iDK ;yvqj osh hdu'

2. fPaoHh wre meyehla .eksu'

3. wdfrdamKfhaos r;a u'

fya;=j

1. iu; YsIag .=re;ajfhka hq;a w,h nd;d fkdlsu'

2. ics; ;;ajfhaos wdfrdamKh lsu msKsi w,h tl;= lsu'

3. negh msru wdi%e; c,h fjkqjg w,h Nd;d lsu'

j

17

neghl wdhq ld,h wvqu (Over charging)

,laIK

1. negh wl f,I r;a u'

2. negh fome;a;g fkrd tu'

3. Ok ;yvqj myiqfjka le hdu'

4. iDK ;yvqf Bh l=vq njg m;a u'

5. c,h jdIam hdu blauka u'

fya;=j

1. wl Odrdjlska wdfrdamKh u'

2. wvq Od;dhlska hq;a negrhla i lu'

3. oaHq;a moaO;sfha fl mm: we;s u'

4. fl ld,hla ;=, kej; kej; wdfrdamKh lsu'

j

18

negh ics; ;;ajfha ;su

(Battery idling for long time) ,laIK

1. wdfrdamKh lsug wmyiq u'

2. wdfrdamKfhaos wl f,i r;a u'

3. Ok ;yvqj iDK ;yvqj iy fimfg u; iq meye;s iaMl we;s u'

fya;=j

1. ics; ;;ajfhka os.= l,hla ;su'

2. jdykfhka wdfrdamKh fkdu'

j

19

neg kv;a;= / lsu

1. negh ndyska mrlaId lsu / msisj ;nd .eksu'

2. neg w.% ksis wdldrfhka ;o lr ;su'

3. neg w.% iO lsfos gk,a wvq nd;d lsu'

4. oHq;a fPaoHh ugu mlaId lsu'

5. negfha wdfrdamK ;;aj mlaId lsu'

6. neg wdfrdamKh lsu'

negh ndyska mlaId lsu

1. fuysos negh wdjrK c,h fhdod msis lsfos fldaI ;=,g c,h fkdoh hq;=h'

2. neg lKq j, Tlaihs neos we;a;k tjd WKqj;=r oud msis l, hq;=hs'

3. negfha jd isre ksis mos ;sh hq;= w;r negfha uQ fydoska jid ;sh hq;=h'

4. neg gk,a ksis wdldrj ;sfoeh yd i ;sfoeh mlaIdj'

20

ndysr mlaId lsu

by; rEmfha osiajk wdldrhg neg w.% nqre,a fyda f.

;sfoehs mlaId l, hq;=h'

by; rEmfha wdldrhg neg lKqj, Ldokh (Corrosion) is ;sfk t ioyd Terminal cleaner tlla nd;fhka th msis lr.; hq;=h'

21

Clamp spreader

negfha w.%j,ska Clamp (gk,a) .e,fos fuu WmlrKh Nd;d ll, yel' ;jo w;a neghla oefos gk,a ilsu ioyd

by; WmlrKh Nd;d f'

Clamp cleaner tlla u.ska Clamp tl msis lsu' fuysos fydoska negfha uQ jid ;nkak'

22

oHq;a fPaoHh ugu mlaId lsu'

negh iu;, ;sria u;=msgl ;nd tys oHq;a fPaoHh ugu

mrlaId l, hq;=h' tys ugu ;yvqj, by, ugug jvd 7mm la by,ska fyd ksIamdolhska neg wdjKfha i,l=Kq lr we;s Wmu ugu (Upper level) ;sh hq;=h'

oHq; fPaHh ugu my< nei we;ak kshu;a ugu olajd

wdi%e; c,h (Distilled water) muKla tl;= lsfuka ksjeros l, hq;=h' lsis fgl;a w,h tl;= lsu fkdl, hq;=h'

23

negfha wdfrdamK ;;ajh mlaId lsu

f ioyd neg j udkh (Battery hydrometer) Nd;d lrkq ,nhs'

neg j udkh (Battery hydrometer)

r;= - ics;h iq - wO wdfrdams;h fld< - mqK wdfrdams;h

24

f, w, neghl wdfrdamKh lsKh lsu ioyd j udkh

(Hydrometer) n;d l,yel' fuu mlaIKfhaos islrkq ,nkqfha j udkh wdOdrfhka negrh fldaI j, oHq;a fPaofha YaIG .=re;ajh

mlaId lsuhs'

judkh isria w;g msysgk fia ;ndf.k judkfha bms,a, mdug

yels;rug Y%Kfhka iaj,amhla weo.kak' Y%Kh weo.;a miq th ;=,

bms,a, mdfjj w;r th w, Y%Kfh .s,s we;s m%udKh tys mdGdxlh

u.ska lshjd .kak' bms,a, wxl igyka lsug wu;rj fndfyda g tys

fld

25

yhsfv%d grh Nd;hg Wmfoia

1. neghg isriaj isk fia w,a,d .kak'

2. bms,a, wdjKfha fkdjeos mdfjk glos kq lshdjkak'

3. jKfha by,u ia:dkfhaka kqu ,nd.kak'

4. weiaugu fl,ska yhsfv%dgrfha djK ;ndf.k lshjkak'

5. Nd;fhka miq isis lr wdrlaId ldj ;nd.kak'

26

yhsfv%d grhla wdOdrfhka neghla mlaId lrk

wdlrh'

yhsfv%d grh isriaj isgk fia

negrh ;=,g oud t ;=,g oaHQ;a

fPaoHfhka fldgila f.k mGdxlh

.; hq;=h'

Hydrometer lska neghla mlaId lrk fuu

wjia:dfos tla fldaIhl

idkaK wkqmd;h (YsIaG .=re;ajh) fjkia w.hls' kuq;a fuu mlaIKfhaos fldaI

ish,af,ysu w.h ksjerosj ;sh

hq;=h'

tk fuu negh fodaI iy.;

f'

27

w ner mlaIlh (Load tester)

fjda,a grh

ner

m%;sfrdaO

28

fuu WmlrKh u.ska mK.ekajq fudagrh ksis wdldrfhka l%shd

lrug wjYHh lrk Odr m%udKh negfhka ,ndosh yelsfo hkak

mlaId lrkq ,nhs' tk negfha wdfrdmK ;;ajh mlaId lsuls'

fuysos fm

29

neg wdfrdamKh

fudag r: neg wdfrdamKh l, yelaflfla ir, Odrjla u.ska

muKs (DC current) neghla l,la tlu ;ek ;sfuka fyd wdfrdamK moaO;sfha we;s fodaIhka ksid ics; h yelsh' f ioyd neg

wdfrdamlhla (Battery charger) Nd;d lrkq ,nhs'

neg wdfrdamKh m%Odk jYfhka l%u ;=kls tk

m%d:l wdfrdamKh idukHh wdfrdamKh is.%;d wdfrdamKh

m%d:l wdfrdamKh

fuu wdfrdamK l%uh neghlg tla jrlos muKl islrkq ,nhs'

tk fuu wdfrdamK l%uh w;au neg ioyd fhdod.ks' fuyssos fj

30

idukHh wdfrdamKh

neg wdfrdamKh ioyd nyq,ju fhdod.kq ,nkafka fuu l%uhhs'

neghla m

31

iudkH wdfrdamKho m%Odk fldgia lsysmhlg j. l, yel

iudkH wdfrdamKh

iudka;r.; wdfrdamKh fY%aKs.; wdfrdamKh

iudka;r.; iudka;r.; fY%aKs.; fY%aKs.;

iudk Odrd wiudk Odr iudk Odrd wiudk Odr

iys; neg iys; neg neg iys; neg

iudka;r.; wdfrdamKh

iudka;r.; wdfrdamKfhaos ,ndosh hq;=jkafka tlu

fjda,h;djhls' tk iudk Odrdj k bka tll w.h

ka .=Klr tk

w.h neg .Kfkka .=Klr .; hq;=h' wiudk Odrdj k Odrj,

tl;=j f.k

.=Klr tk ms,s;=r neg .Kkska .=Kl, hq;=h'

fY%aKs.; wdfrdamKh

fuysos ,ndosh hq;= fjda,ah;djh neg j, we;s fjda,ah;d j,

tl;=jhs' fysos Odrdj k tla neghl w.h

.=Klr neg .Kfka

fjda,ah;d tl;=lr ,ndosh hq;=h'

32

is.%;d wdfrdamKh (Quick charge)

fuh iqfYaIs wdfrdamK l%uhls' yosis wjia:djlos negh

wdfrdamKh lr .eksu ioyd n;d lrkq ,nk w;r fuh negfha wdhq

ld,h wvq ugo n,mdkq ,nhs'

fuh iu; wdfrdamK l%uhla fkdjk w;r idukH l%uh hgf;a

neghla wdfrdamKh lsu ioyd ,ndfok Odrj fuka oy.=Khl oaHq;a

Odrjla ,ndosh hq;= w;r th ,nd fokafka negfha Od;jfhka 80% ioyd muKs' b;s 20% iudkH wdfrdamKfhaos ,ndfok Odrj ,ndosh hq;= f'

fuu l%uh u.ska wdfrdamKh lsfos negh uq nqre,a lr ;eh hq;=f' tk negh ;=, is.%fhka m%;sl%sh we;sjk ksidh'