Battery Recycling€¦ · 19-06-2019 · and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. • Associated...
Transcript of Battery Recycling€¦ · 19-06-2019 · and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. • Associated...
Battery Recycling
Colin Pelletier
RSR Technologies
Metals Recycling Conference
June 19, 2019
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Outline
• Background RSRT and RSR
• Lead Smelting
• Battery Space
• Non PbA Battery Recycling
• Questions
RSR Technologies• RSR Technologies is a research and
development company engaged in the non-ferrous smelting and refining industries.
• The company provides services to battery, mining, and smelting companies. RSR Technologies is focused on achieving the highest standards for health, safety and the environment.
• The company provides services worldwide and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas.
• Associated with the RSR NA Corporation and Ecobat Technologies
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2018 US Lead Production was ~1,300,000 tons>85% going into PbA batteriesJan-Oct 2018; 116,000,000 batteries produced
Car Batteries
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Logistics and Shipping
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BCI National Recycling Rate Survey (2012-2016 )
Smelting
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Refining
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Lead
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Emissions
• Liquid – Hygiene and process water
• Air –
• Solid
▫ Disposal slag
▫ Hazardous Slag
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CaO-FeO-SiO2 Phase Diagram
Batteries
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A matrix of over 100 micro- alloys tested
Micro-Alloying Effects on Performance
Real Time Analysis During Cycling• Small fraction of cell near
the tabs is responding.
• Fast cycling (0.5 A = C/2)
• Only modest changes in XRD.
▫ There is a strong gradient in SOC
vertically along cell
• Spatially averaged XRD
signal matches voltage profile.
• There are strong changes locally though.
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Active Material Utilization is “Not” Uniform, Limiting Performance
Non lead acid batteries – Li ion
• Avicenne Energy Presentations at NAATBATT 2019
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15http://www.associationofbatteryrecyclers.com/technology.html
Collection and Transportation
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What are the wastes?
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• Varies by process
▫ Tailings/slag
▫ E-waste
• Emission requirements only get tighter
▫ Particulates (micro, nano)
Inhalable D50 – 100 umThoracic D50 – 10 um
Respirable D50 – 4 um
Materials Recovery & Qualification for Reuse
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• Li ion work
▫ DOE
RECELL
▫ USCAR/USABC
▫ Individual Companies
• What is the product
▫ Metal salts
▫ Cathode material
▫ Metal
▫ Electrolyte
▫ Environmental compliance
▫ Corporate stewardship
iSKY Battery grade MnSO4
Sigma NMC111 lot Assay >97.5% by XRF
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Colin Pelletier
469 317 5009
rsrtechnologies.com
Questions
• M. Raiford, T. Ellis; Microalloyed Control of Lead Battery Active Materials and Resulting Performance Improvements thorugh in situ electrochemical techniques TMS 2019 Mar. 10-14, 2019 San Antonio TX
• Queneau et al; Recycling Lead and Zinc in the United States World of Metallurgy - ERZMETALL 68 (2015) No. 3 149(68(3)):149 · January 2015
• EDR Group; Economic Contribution of the U.S. Lead Battery Industry, BCI Jan. 2018
• EPA Webinar; An Introduction to Li ion batteries and the challenges that they pose to the waste and recycling industry; Mar 22, 2018
• Prengaman; Lead Alloys; Material Science and Technology; 15 Sept 2006
• M Sanders; Industrial Markets in North America, NAATBatt 2019; Phoenix; Mar 12, 2019
• M Sanders; Can Lead Acid Batteries Maintain Market Share?, NAATBatt 2019; Phoenix; Mar 13, 2019
• USGS Mineral Commodity studies; Lead; 2019; https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/lead-statistics-and-information
Citations
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Picture attribution
• Slide 2▫ h ttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Agricolas-illustration-of-a-liquation-hearth_fig4_237100389
• Slide 3▫ h ttps://ecobatgroup.com/ecobatgroup-en/
• Slide 4/15▫ h ttp://www.associationofbatteryrecyclers.com/technology.html
• Slide 5▫ h ttps://www.hemmings.com/blog/2012/08/03/weather-conditioning-from-packard/
▫ h ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_EV1
▫ h ttps://data.idis2.com/IDIS_data/faces/contents/vehicle/v ehicleMain.xhtml
▫ h ttps://hymanltd.com/vehicles/6028-1921-ford-model-t-center-door-sedan/
• Slide 6▫ h ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pallet_of_scrap_lead-acid_automotive_batteries_(wide_v iew).jpg
• Slide 7▫ h ttps://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/leadsmelter/popups/reverbfurnace_popup.html
▫ h ttps://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/leadsmelter/popups/sideviewreverbfurnace_popup.html
▫ Hofm an, Metallurgy of Lead 1e, McGraw Hill, 1918
▫ h ttps://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_manufacture
• Slide 9▫ h ttps://ecobatgroup.com/ecobatgroup-en/products/lead_and_alloys/soft_lead.php
▫ h ttps://www.lme.com/en-GB/Metals/Non-ferrous/Lead/Physical
• Slide 11▫ h ttps://www.autobatteries.com/en-us/how-car-batteries-work/anatomy
▫ h ttps://batterytechnology.weebly.com/battery-manufacturing-flowchart.html
• Slide 16▫ h ttps://www.labelmaster.com/shop/labels/battery-labels/hazard-class-9-lithium-battery-labels/blank-and-pre-printed-shipping-name-class-9-lithium-battery-labels/un3481-lithium-ion-batteries-contained-in-
h snlb6500et?gclid=EAIaIQobChMItaiuo_Gx4gIVSrzACh3LJQ32EAQYAiABEgJYm_D_BwE
• Slide 17▫ h ttps://www.skcinc.com/catalog/infopage.php?id=9020
▫ Fa ctory by icon 54 from the Noun Project
• Slide 18▫ h ttp://www.iskychem.com/wap_product_detail_en/id/17.html
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