Baterías de flujo: conceptos y aplicación futura Catalonia Institute ... · Semi solid Flow...
Transcript of Baterías de flujo: conceptos y aplicación futura Catalonia Institute ... · Semi solid Flow...
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Catalonia Institute for Energy Research
Baterías de flujo: conceptos y aplicación futura
Cristina Flox
26 de Mayo del 2016, Barcelona
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ÍNDICE
1. DEFINICIÓN: Conceptos y arquitectura 2. VENTAJAS3. APLICACIÓN4. MERCADO5. EJEMPLOS6. FUTURO
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Flow Batteries: Basic Concepts
REDOX FLOW BATTERY
Reduction and oxidacion reactions
STORE ENERGY in
LIQUID ELECTROLYTE
SOLUTION
CONVENTIONAL BATTERY
Lithium ion battery
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e-
e-
Anolyte Catholite
LOAD OR POWER SOURCES
e- (Discharge) e- (Discharge)
AnodeCatode
Ion exchange membrane
An+ /A(n-1)+ B(m+1)+Bm+ /
Carriers
e-
e-
Flow Batteries: Architecture and Components
A(n-1)+
An+
B(m+1)+
Bm+
CONVENTIONAL Li-ion BATTERYGOING WITH THE FLOW
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Advantages of flow batteries
�Power rating and energy rating decoupled: versatility�Redox reactions are fast in most cases: fast response time� Long cycle life: durability�Allow full discharge without suffering damage: robustness�Self-discharge can be minimized since electrolytes are stored separately�Modularity: easy upgrading�Allows instant recharge (mechanical)
W Δh = E
Anolyte CatholiteAnolyte Catholite
Δ Volumen
Anolyte Catholite Anolyte Catholite
kW100kW…..MW
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Main parameters: Cell voltage and Energy density
e-
e-
LOAD OR POWER
SOURCES
e- (Discharge) e- (Discharge)
Carriers
AnodeCathode
Anolyte Catholite
e-
e-
A(n-1)+
An+
An+ /A(n-1)+
B(m+1)+
B(m+1)+
Bm+
Bm+ /
Ion exchange membrane
Ec=Ec-Ea
Flow Batteries performance is depended on the reaction between electroactive species/ electrode
C : Concentration
n: number of electrons
involved in redox reaction
V: potential of cell (depending
of equilibrium potentials of
active species in the cathodic
and anodic half cells)
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Flow battery scheme for chemistries
Classification flow batteries
Timeline of the development of RFB over the past 40 years
NASAM. Skyllas-Kazakos
25-30 WhL-1
40 WhL-1
50 WhL-1
100 -200 Wh L-1
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60 kWh
v
v
v
1,000
PSH
0.001 1
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 10 100
CAES
Na-S
Li-IonVR
Zn-Br
Ni-Cd
FW
Na-S
EDLC
Ni-MH L/A
Rated Power (MW)
Dis
char
geTi
me
(Hr)
SYSTEM RATINGS
CAES Compressed AirEDLC Dbl-Layer CapacitorsFW FlywheelsL/A Lead-AcidLi-Ion Lithium-IonNa-S Sodium-SulfurNi-Cd Nickel-CadmiumNi-Mh Nickel–Metal HydridePSH Pumped HydroVR Vanadium RedoxZn-Br Zinc- Bromine
PSH
Local back up Transmission&Distribution
back up
Energy management
Peak shaving, load leveling and price arbitrage
Stability
Power Quality
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All-liquid flow batteries
Inorganic flow batteries
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB)
side Redox process Ered°ocv/V (vs SHE)
+ VO2+ + 2H+ + e ���� VO2+ + H2O 1.00
- V2+ ���� V3+ + e 0.26
Cell voltage: 1.26V
Characteristics
- same metal used in both compartments: no
crossover contamination
- catholyte (1-2 M VOSO4 + 2-5 M H2SO4),
anolyte (0.5-1 M V2(SO4)2 + 2-5 M H2SO4),
proton – or anion-exchange membrane
- V2SO4 solution protected with N2
atmosphere
SINCE SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION is used as
supporting electrolyte, carbonacuos material
are preferaly chosen as electrode for :
-high surface area-chemical stability
-wide potential window
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Market overview: RFB large – scale application
300 kWh
60 kWh
2 200 mm
(7ft)4 500 mm (15 ft)
2 5
00
mm
(8ft)
10kW/100kWh
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Market overview: VRFB for self-consumption (home application)
10 kWh, 2 kW
15/20/25/30 kWh , 5 kW10 kWh, 2 kW15,30 KWh, 5kW
2.08 m
1.33 m
2.15 m
• Almost unlimited energy storing• Safe and environmental• Flexible energy storage device• Robust and durable (up to 20 year) with low maintenance requirements• Low self-discharge
Ambient temperature range: -20 to 55ºC
(6.4 kWh, 3.3 kW)100 kg
1300 mm
860 mm
180 mm
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Prototype :25 KW/52 KWh
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: REDOX 2015 project
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Source: EERA Joint Programme “Smart Grids”, Deliverable D4.1Source* : 2011 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-PLAN)
Comparison of technology feature
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Levelized Cost of storage energy: LCOSE
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Flow Batteries: Versatile energy storage solution
Timeline of the development of FB over the past 40 years
2014 2015
Metal-free RFB
Li metal
Li-S
Na SSFB
All-Cu
1.4 WhL-1
20 WhL-1
25-30 WhL-1
50 WhL-1
40 WhL-1
100 -200 Wh L-1
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Ejemplos bibliográficos:
SistemaVoltaje de
descarga (V)
Densidad de
energía teórica
(WhL-1)
Densidad de
energía teórica
(Wh kg − 1 )
Li Co O 2
Li 4Ti5 O12
2,35 397 168
Li Ni 0.5 Mn1.5 O4
Li 4Ti 5O 12
3,2 353 150
Li Co O 2
grafito3,8 615 309
Costes : SSFB 10-20 euros/kg en material de electrodo
30- 40 euros /Kg en electrolito
40-70 euros kWh en suspensiones
VFRB 90-120 kWh (EASE- EERA road map)
Semi solid Flow Batteries:
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Lithium ion batteryTehachapi, California 32 MWh 6,300 square-foot
20 ft8 ft
19
ft
VFRB1,6 MWh
3040 m3
Baterías de flujo de vanadio 1 L ~ 40 kWh
Baterías de flujo semi solidas 1 L ~ 100- 200 kWh
1 MWh
VFRB 25000L
SSFB 6666L
Power (kW/m2)PbAcid 0.22Li-ion 0.01 (Gf/LFP)VFRB 2.85
Darling. et al Energy and Environmental Science, 2014, 7 3459
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Sponsors:
We are loking for student….. If you are interested, please contact to me: [email protected]
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