Basin and Petroleum Systems Modelling - in.bgu.ac.il · 3 Petroleum Systems Modeling 'Structural...

Basin and Petroleum Systems Modelling: Applications for Conventional and Unconventional

Petroleum Exploration Risk and Resource

Assessments

By Dr Bjorn Wygrala Schlumberger

21-22 November 2013

3. Structural Complexity

Education Days Moscow 2013

2

1. Opening Session: Industry Challenges and Opportunities

Conventional Petroleum Systems

2. Deepwater and Salt

3. Structural Complexity

4. Reservoir in Petroleum Systems Modeling

Theoretical Aspects

5. Temperature and Pressure

6. Petroleum Generation and Migration

Unconventional Petroleum Systems

7. Shale Gas/Oil

8. Gas Hydrates

9. Closing Session: Petroleum Systems Modeling in Context

3 3

Petroleum Systems Modeling 'Structural Workflows'

Structural Modeling Interpretation

Interpretation and

reconstruction of present and

paleo-sections

Simulation

Select simulation method;

control and run simulation

Output

Display simulation results

Input Editing (gridded model)

Edit gridded model with table

and section viewers

Seismic Interpretation

Data loading from seismic and

well database

Interpretation, depth conversion

and property assignment on

present section

Input Editing (gridded model)

Data loading from structural

models

Edit gridded model with table

and section viewers

Geometry control!

The geometry of the

structural reconstruction

directly controls the

geometry of the PetroMod

model for generation and

migration modeling

throughout the entire

geologic history!

'Normal' Modeling: 'Structural' Modeling:

4 4

Structural Reconstruction

Fold and thrust belt restoration

(After Parra et al., 2010, The Monagas Fold–Thrust Belt of Eastern Venezuela. Part I: Structural and

thermal modeling, in Marine and Petroleum geology)

Collaborative work with PetroMod* team (Aachen, Germany)

5 5



0 5 10 15 20 km

Subsidence 0 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

6 6



0 5 10 15 20 km

Subsidence 5.3 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

7 7



0 5 10 15 20 km

Subsidence

Erosion

10.5 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

8 8



0 5 10 15 20 km

Compression

Erosion

13 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

9 9



0 5 10 15 20 km

Compression

Erosion

15 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

10 10



0 5 10 15 20 km

Compression

20 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

11 11



0 5 10 15 20 km

Compression

22 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

12 12



0 5 10 15 20 km Subsidence

24 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

13 13




65 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

14 14




99 Ma

NW

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

15 15


20 Ma

24 Ma

65 Ma

99 Ma

0 5 10 15 20 km

22 Ma

0 Ma

5.3 Ma

10.5 Ma

13 Ma

15 Ma

16 16

Linking Structural and Petroleum Systems Modeling

Background:

- Geological models in complex geological

(compressional) environments such as

thrustbelts cannot be directly simulated

with petroleum systems modeling software

- A structural reconstruction needs to be

performed first !

Original and compressed (present-day) 3D model

showing maturation in potential source rocks Image courtesy Repsol

Solution:

- Present and paleo-sections (2D) and

paleo-models (3D) from structural

reconstructions can be loaded into the

petroleum systems modeling software

- Full 2D/3D thermal and maturation

histories can be determined in the most

complex models, as well as fully PVT-

controlled, 3-phase petroleum migration

simulations using the entire range of

flow simulators


17 17

Detailed Analysis: Petroleum Generation and Migration History

Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Subsidence

Deposition of source rock

(San Antonio, Querecal Fm)

Biogenic gas

Oblique collision megasequence Passive margin megasequence

18 18


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Subsidence

First transformation

of kerogen to HC

First HC accumulations

within source rock

Onset of hangingwall petroleum system


Biogenic gas

19 19


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Subsidence

Querecual source rock:

Transformation ratio

reaches 50%

« Critical moment » of hangingwall petroleum system


20 20


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Subsidence

« Critical moment » of hangingwall petroleum system


21 21


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Subsidence


22 22


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Compression

Onset of footwall petroleum systems

Oblique collision

megasequence

Active hangingwall petroleum system

Passive margin megasequence

Accumulation

within footwall

Onset of HC generation

due to tectonic loading

(thrusting)

23 23


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Compression

Oblique collision

megasequence Passive margin megasequence

« Critical moment » of footwall petroleum systems Active hangingwall petroleum system

Southward moving

transformation front

Frontal thrust

sheets charged

24 24


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Compression


« Critical moment » of footwall petroleum systems Partial destruction of hangingwall petroleum system

25 25


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Compression


Active footwall petroleum systems Complete destruction of hangingwall petroleum system

26 26


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


27 27


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


28 28


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


29 29


Ma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


30 30


Remaining thermal

disequilibrium after

uplift due to thrusting

15 Ma 13 Ma

Reverse maturity trend

due to inverse faults

31 31

Detailed Analysis: Model Calibration

Carito (8) Travi (19)

Calibration with well data

─ Porosity

─ 13-17% in Naricual Reservoir Fm

─ 10% in Cretaceous Reservoirs

─ Temperature

─ Present day gradient: 22.1 to 23.7 C/km

─ Thermal maturity (Vitrinite reflectance)

─ Reverse trends due to inverse faults

32 32

Detailed Analysis: Petroleum "Volumetrics" in 2D

0 25 50 75 100

33 33

Detailed Analysis: Petroleum Properties

Carito Field

Travi Field

205 Mbl/km

290 Mbl/km

≈ 500 Mbl/km

500 Mbl/km * 30km

≈ 15 Bbl

API: 32.2

API: 31

12 Bbl

34 34

Geomechanics

35 35

Scalable Geomechanics Solutions

Wellbore scale:

Reservoir scale:

Basin scale:

Application example:

Real-time input log data

alongside the wellbore

stability outputs, and

predicted wellbore failure

based on the specific mud

weight value


Simulation of 4D reservoir

geomechanics predicts the

effects of initial in-situ

stresses; induced increases in

stress (red), and decreased

stress (blue)


Simulation of basin-scale

geomechanics through

geological time enables

areas and zones with higher

fracture risks to be determined

and improved pore pressure

predictions to be made

Unique features:

- dynamic modeling through

geologic time

- coupled with pore pressure

modeling

36 36

Three Dimensional Stress-Strain Calculations

?

?

Terzaghi: one dimensional Three dimensional

37 37

Chrono-Stratigraphy of the Santa Barbara Section in Venezuela, after Parra et all

(2010) and structural restoration after Mertens (2010)

13my present

65my

38

Lithostratigraphy of the Section under Study

39

Predicted Petroleum Systems at Present Day

Major hangingwall

Major footwall

40

100 1000

2000

Modulus of Elasticity [MPa]

Modulus of Elasticity

41

0 150

300

Mean stress [MPa]

Mean Stress

42 42

0 150

300

Mean stress [MPa]

13my

present

65my

Mean Stress Formation Through Geologic Time

43

0 50

200

Pore-pressure [MPa]

Calculated Overpressures

44

0 50 200

Pore-pressure [MPa]

No compression Compression [MPa]

3

1

Pressures and Stresses along a Well

Well

46 46

Rock stresses in and next to salt

0

80

MPa

Basin and Petroleum Systems Modelling - in.bgu.ac.il · 3 Petroleum Systems Modeling 'Structural...

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