Basidiomycetes Characteristics: 1.Septate mycelium 2.Basidia and basidiospores 3.Clamp connections....
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Transcript of Basidiomycetes Characteristics: 1.Septate mycelium 2.Basidia and basidiospores 3.Clamp connections....
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Basidiomycetes
Characteristics:
1. Septate mycelium
2. Basidia and basidiospores
3. Clamp connections. Not all Basidiomycetes produce these, but when a fungus does it will always be a basidiomycete.
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BasidiomycetesCharacteristics:
4. Two main groups, based on morphology of basidia.
a. Basidia are septate and deeply lobed
Order Uredinales – the rusts
i. Produce all five spore stages – aeciospores, uredospores, teliospores, basidiospores and spermatia (aka pycniospores)
ii. Important genera – Puccinia, Gymnosporangium
Order Ustilaginales – the smuts
i. Produce only basidiospores and teliospores
ii. Important genera – Ustilago, Tilletia
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Order Uredinales Order Ustilaginales
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BasidiomycetesCharacteristics:4. Two main groups, based on morphology of basidia.
b. Basidia are unicellular, non-septate: wood decay fungi
Order Aphyllophorales (aka Polyporales) – the bracket fungi
i. Hymenium lines small pores on underside of sporophoreii. Important genera – Polyporus, Fomes
Order Agaricales – the mushroomsi. Hymenium lines gills (lamellae)ii. Important genera – Armillaria, Agaricus
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Aphyllophorales Agaricales
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Basidiomycetes5. Three types of hyphae
a. Primary hyphae – develops from a germinating basidiospore. Nuclear status = n
b. Secondary hypha – results from fusion of two primary hyphae. Yields a n+n cell that continues to grow as a n+n hyphae
c. Tertiary hypha – exactly the same as secondary hypha. n+n However it has thick walls that enable production of fleshy and wood sporophores
Primary hyphae Primary hyphae
Secondary hyphae
Tertiary hyphae
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The RustsThese are obligate parasites. Generally these require two host to
complete their lifecycle. Primary hosts – the host on which basidia and basidiospores are
produced.Alternate host – the other host in the life cycle on which
spermagonia and aecia are producedAlternative host – the host that a pathogen can infect in place of
the primary or alternate hosts.
Heteroecious – organisms with a primary and alternate host.Autoecious – organisms that have only a single (primary) host.
Macrocyclic rust – long cycle rust. Produce all 5 spore types. Demicyclic rust – medium cycle rust. Omits uredia.Microcyclic rust – short cycle rusts. Produces basidiospores,
teliospores and spermatia.
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Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis tritici
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Cedar apple rust, caused by Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianum lacks the uredia stage = no repeating stage
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The Smuts
Unique characteristics of smuts (vs. rusts)
a. They are not obligate parasites. We can grow them in culture.
b. They show a very high degree of selectivity. They attack not only certain host but certain tissues of the host.
c. Have only tow spore types: basidiospores and teliospores.
Example: corn smut, caused by Ustilago maydis
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Review• Wheat stem rust – all
spore types
• Cedar apple rust – lacks ureida
• Coffee rust – no aecial stage
• Smuts – basidiospores + teliospores only