BASICS OF ELECTRICLE MODULE

BY KUNAL PATILADAM 2016-2017

PeopleBenjamin Franklin

Thomas Edison

• Why are they important?

• Benjamin Franklin• Proved that lightning was

electricity by flying a kite in a lightning storm

• Helped people understand the principles of electricity

• Thomas Edison– Invented the electrical light bulb

What is electricity?• Electricity is a form of energy• It is caused by a flow of tiny

particles called electrons through a material

ElectricityElectricity is a flow of electric charges along a wire.

•This flow of electric charge is called a current •Current is measured in the units of Amps (A)

What is an Electrical Circuit?• A circuit is an electrical device that

provides a path for electricity to flow.

Circuit Diagrams

cell switch

lamp

wires

Resistor• A resistor can change the amount of

current in a circuit• In a variable resistor, the resistance

can be changed.

Types of circuitThere are two types of electrical circuits;

SERIES CIRCUITS

PARALLEL CIRCUITS

• The components are connected end-to-end, one after the other• They make a simple loop for the current to flow round.•Voltage is shared between the components

SERIES CIRCUITS

1.5V 1.5V

3V

PARALLEL CIRCUITS

•The components are connected side by side. •The current has a choice of routes (paths).•voltage is the same in all parts of the circuit

3V

3V

3V

RESISTORS

symbolHow its looks

DEFINITION OF 1 OHM

The resistance of a conductor is said to be 1 Ohm, if current of 1 ampere flows through it when a potential difference of 1volt is applied its ends.

…Continued

UNIT OF CONVERSIONPrefix Symbol Multiplier Power of

Ten

Terra T 1,000,000,000,000 1012

Giga G 1,000,000,000 109

Mega M 1,000,000 106

kilo k 1,000 103

none none 1 100

centi c 1/100 10-2

milli m 1/1,000 10-3

micro µ 1/1,000,000 10-6

nano n 1/1,000,000,000 10-9

pico p 1/1,000,000,000,000 10-12

CLASSIFICATION OF RESISTOR

LINEAR RESISTOR•Resistors, which values change with the applied voltage and temperature, are called linear resistors.•They are subdivided as FIXED and VARIABLE Resistor.

OHM’S LAW

•Ohm established in the late 1820’s

•Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.

V = I*R I = V/R

R = V/I

NON-LINEAR RESISTOR

•Nonlinear resistors are those resistors, where the current flowing through it does not change according to Ohm’s Law but, changes with change in temperature or applied voltage

Thermister

•It is a variable resistor which notices the change in temperature.•Its Resistance is inversely proportional to the temperature•Thermisteres has a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) but there is also a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient)

Voltage Dependent Resistors

•The resistance of a VDR is variable and depends on the voltage applied•Their resistance decreases when the voltage increases.

Light Dependent ResistorsResistor which terminal value of resistance changes with light intensity, When light falls on the photoconductive cells (LDR or Photo resistor), then there is an increase in the free carriers (electron hole pairs) due to light energy, which reduce the resistance of semiconductor material.