Basics of Aeromodeling

Basics of Aeromodeling

IntroductionThehistory ofaviationhas extended over more than two thousand years from the earliestkitesand attempts at tower jumping tosupersonic, andhypersonicflight by powered,heavier-than-airjets.Kite flying in China dates back to several hundred years BC and is thought to be the earliest example of man-made flight. Some kites were capable of carrying a man into the air. The ancient Chinese also flew small hot-air lanterns and bamboo-copter toys with spinning rotors.

Leonardo da Vinci's 15th-century dream of flight found expression in several rational but unscientific designs, though he did not attempt to construct any of them.Experiments with gliders provided the groundwork for heavier-than-air craft, and by the early 20th-century advances in engine technology and aerodynamics made controlled, powered flight possible for the first time.Main parts of an aircraft

Parts of an Empennage

Rudder and AileronElevator Function

AileronBasic movements of an airplane

Classification of AircraftClassification based on platformsStraight Wings

Swept back wings

Swept forward wing

Delta wing

Aspect ratio

Low aspect ratio

Moderate aspect ratio

High aspect ratioChord variation along span

Constant chord

Tapered

Trapezoidal

Reverse taperedBased on number of wingsMonoplane

Biplane

BiplaneUnequal-span biplaneTriplane

Quadruplane

Multiplane

Based on position of wings

Low wing

Mid wing

High wingDihedral and anhedral

DihedralAnhedralTail assemblies

Right angled Swept backAnhedralTwin assemblyV - assemblyT - assembly

Branches in AeromodelingControl line modelFree flight model

Tow line modelRadio controlled model

Static modelChuck and catapult glider

Theory of Lift

WingForces on an aircraft

Cross section of wing

Airflow over a wing

Magnus Effect

Boundary layer

Bound vortex of a wing

Bernoullis equation

Case 1 = Case 2Hence the pressure difference

Lift & Pitching moment

Cl & Cd vs angle of attack

Wing at various angles of attackStalling

Wing tip vortices

Vortex sheet behind a real wing

Platforms & load distribution

Methods of reducing wing tip vortices

Alternate forms of elliptical wing platformsBalancing of glider