Basics & applications of effective areas - DESY

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Basics & applications of effective areas Martin Tluczykont, Zeuthen, November 21, 2006 effective areas basic definition: most simple experiment application to IceSim (ANIS) application to nusim effective volumes other applications

Transcript of Basics & applications of effective areas - DESY

Page 1: Basics & applications of effective areas - DESY

Basics & applications of effective areasMartin Tluczykont, Zeuthen, November 21, 2006

● effective areas– basic definition: most simple experiment– application to IceSim (ANIS)– application to nusim– effective volumes

● other applications

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Disclaimer

“The problem with Hegel is that he liked to explain. That's why nobody understands him.” 

Jean­Paul Sorg (private communication)

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Encouragement

“Actually it's easy.”

Martin Tluczykont (helpful comments)

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BASICS

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Definition of effective areaNumber of detected events: 

or: area of an ideal detector

i.e. area of 100% efficient detector

N d=T∬ dE dE ,Aeff E ,

=

N d

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Trivial formula        : number of genearated Monte Carlo events        : generation area        : number of detected events        : detector area        : simulated flux

                                              &

Aeff=N d

N gen

Agen

Ad

N d

Agen

N gen

gen

gen=N gen

Agen Tgen=

N d

Aeff T

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EXAMPLE:WATER DROP EXPERIMENT

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Most simple case:  water drops fall in cup● Simulate          drops on area● Detect        drops on area ● No dependencies (energy, ...)● all drops on        are detected

This is an ideal detector: 

N d=gen Ad=N gen

Agen

Ad

Aeff=N d

N gen

Agen=Ad

N gen Agen

N d Ad

Ad

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More complex case: water drops but...● The physics of water drops

– created in clouds, falling through atmosphere: interaction

– can evaporate: only a fraction           drops reach the cup– drop reflection: not all drops detected (energy dependent effect)

● The simulation of water drops–          drops close to the detector, interaction enforced (CPU power)

true drop number:

– energy dependent drop simulation: 

N gen=N gen' /Pev

N genE =N gen fE

Pev

N gen'

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More complex case: water drops but...

● Effective area calculation

Aeff E =N d E

N genE Agen

Aeff E =N d E

N gen' f

E

Agen Pev

N genE =N gen

'

Pev

fE

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APPLICATIONS

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Event MC in non­thermal astrophysics● here: nusim & IceSim = ANIS

● typically

● large # simulated events &

dNdE

=N 0 E− , E1EE2

=1

AgenAd

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Effective areas in astrophysics

● Reconstruction & analysis dependent– Algorithm (First guess, likelihood...)– Trigger / Filtering level– Analysis cuts

● Zenith angle (declination) dependent● Energy dependent

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Energy & Declination bins● Energy bin i: boundaries 

fraction of events simulated in energy bin i:

● Declination bin j:fraction of events simulation in decl.­bin j:  

[e1 , e2]i

f Ei=∫e1

e2dE E−

∫E1

E2dE E−

=ln e2 /e1iln E2 /E1

f dec j=2[cos1−cos2] j

[1 ,2] j

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Application to IceSim (ANIS)

●          neutrinos parallel to axis of cylindrical volume● neutrino interaction inside Volume is enforced:

N geni , j=

N gen'

Pinter

f Ei f dec j

Pinter

N gen'

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Application to IceSim (ANIS)● Simulation of:

● constant simulation area:● interaction probability:   ● simulated solid angle:● effective area in energy bin i, declination bin j:

dNdE

=N 0 E− , E1EE2

Agen=r2=N gen

T gen

Aeffi , j=∑events

N di , j

N geni , j

Agen Pinteri , j

Pinteri , j

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Application to IceSim (ANIS)

Aeffi , j=∑events

ln E2 /E1

ln e2 /e1i

2[cos1−cos2] j

Agen Pinteri , j

effective area in energy bin i, declination bin j:

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Application to IceSim (ANIS)

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Application: nusim+amasim● Simulation of:

● variable simulation area:● interaction weight:   ● simulated solid angle:● effective area ­ bins in energy (i) and declination (j):

dNdE

=N 0 E− , E1EE2

Agen j =r14 1010[cm2]

Aeffi , j=∑events

N di , j

N geni , j

Agen j W inter

i , j

W interi , j

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Application: nusim+amasim

effective area ­ bins in energy (i) and declination (j):

Aeffi , j=∑events

ln E2 /E1

ln e2 /e1i

2[cos1−cos2] j

r14 1010 W interi , j

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Application: nusim+amasim

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Some IceRec framework details

● nusimintweight, R14 available in analysis­tree & flat­ntuple: RDMCUserlines

● IceSim (I3NeutrinoGenerator = ANIS) – Information stored in 

I3Map<string, double> I3MCWeightsDict

– now available in flat­ntuple: MCWeights– not yet in analysis­tree (maybe soon)

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Effective Volumes● same principle:

● ANIS case:               is defined for all flavors

● effective areas for diffuse fluxes: no declination dependency

V eff=N d

N gen

V gen

Pinter

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One last question about effective areas

Why to the kuckuk do I need this effective area?

● to predict the number of events detected for a given model spectrum

● to impress your fellow students with color plots

N =∫ dE Aeff E ,model E ,

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Other applications of (other) Weights...● predicted point­source event rates from a model:

● predicted atmospheric event rates:

N events=∑ Pinter W norm

Fmodel E ,

FgenE

N atmos=∑ Pinter W norm W atmo

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Summary● Recipe for effective area calculation● example using nusim & IceSim/ANIS● Now possible within IceRec framework (flat­ntuple)● First preliminary result for IC23 using 

I3NeutrinoGenerator