Basic principles of backup policies by Andrea Mauro, Backup Academy
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Transcript of Basic principles of backup policies by Andrea Mauro, Backup Academy
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http://vinfrastructure.it/en
Twitter: @Andrea_Mauro
Basic principles of backup policiesAndrea MaurovExpert and VCDX
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About the speaker
17 years of experience in IT
Working for Assyrus Srl – Italy● Server, Storage, Networking, Security & Virtualization
Certifications and accreditations
Italian VMUG founder and board member
VMTN Community Moderator
Blogger http://virtual-infrastructure.it/
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Agenda
What is a backup policy
Design a backup plan
What defines a backup policy
What is a backup policy
Where do backups go
How will backups be performed
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What is a backup policy?
Amount of data
principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve results
procedure or protocol
Backup policy
set of rules to achieve the required backup goals
several aspects:
12
12 • technical
• non technical
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Input of backup policies
Requirements● Recovery Point Objective
(RPO)● Recovery Time Objective
(RTO)
Constraints● Business needs● Budget● Max backup window● Technical aspects
Business Continuity Plan(BCP)
Risk analysis
Backupsolutions
and products
Procedures
Requirements/Constraints
Backup policies
Bac
kup
/Bu
sin
ess
Co
nti
nu
ity
Pla
n
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Properties & parameters & dependencies
What Where How, How much, How often Several dependencies
Synthetic Backup Real Time Replication
Tape Backups Vaults ArchivalDisk Backups Staging Off-Host
Protection Methods Recovery Methods
Tape Restores
Bare Metal Recovery
Instant Recovery
Disk Restores
Search & Retrieve
Days MinsHrsWks Secs
Recovery Point
Mins DaysHrsSecs Wks
Recovery Time
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Backup as a process
Analysis +
Selectionlist
Backuppolicies
Backupjob
Backupdata
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What – Define the sources of the backup
Required protection level
Way to handle the backup tasks
Type of sources
Type of “transport” at source side● Full copy● Incremental transfer● Size of the sources
Files
Virtualmachines
Applications
Systems
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Way to handle the backup tasks
Agent vs. Agent-less● Application level● VM level
Hot vs. Cold● Usually agent or specific API are needed for hot-backup
Push vs. Pull● Also other models
Data transfer options important
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Type of sources
Files
Application data – Not a simple collection of files
Systems
Virtual Machines – It may include also system, files and applications backup
For details see specific lessons on Backup Academy Which level of consistency?
● Windows● Linux / Unix
● A system is not just a set of files● It may include also files and applications backup
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Consistency and integrity
Different levels
Files● Open files dilemma● Windows provide VSS
Application data● Application that are VSS-aware● Application specific solutions
Systems● Problem with the system state
Virtual Machines● Specific hypervisor functions are recommended
For details see specific lessons on Backup Academy
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Type of “transport” at source side
Full copy vs. incremental copy LAN based vs. LAN-free
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Size of the sources
Amount of data
How data can be transferred from the source● Full copy vs. incremental● Using of compression and/or de-duplication at source side
Data transfer options important
Type of data How data changes Backup consistency
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Where – Which kind of backup destination
Disk based● D2D● Logical disk or network shares
Tape based● D2T● Real or “Virtual” tape
Multi-level backup● D2D2T● Other levels
Cloud
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D2D
Different type of solutions● DAS or SAN● NAS● Backup Appliance
− Most NAS (and sometime VTL) based
Pros of D2D● Great capacity: 1,5 TB (LTO5) vs. 2-3 TB (SATA disk)● Speed: disks IOPS could scale with RAID● Bigger scalability● Replication and disaster recovery● More flexible
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D2T
Type of tape based solutions● Tape unit: DAS with SAS or SCSI cables● Autoloader: DAS or SAN● Tape library: SAN● Virtual Tape Library (VTL): an appliance (hardware or software)
that can be used as an autoloader or tape library but it works usually with disk instead of tapes
Pros of D2T● Speed: throughput of 140MBps for LTO5● Removable support with long life?
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VTL
A tape that is a disk
● Can be used as an autoloader or tape library but it works usuallywith disk instead of tapes
Implementation
● Gateway appliance● Implemented in D2D appliances● But could also implemented with software based products
− Virtual appliance
Pros of VTL
● Migration from D2T to D2D● Could be used to scale a D2T solution● Could export to physical tape● Backup over SAN
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How – Save to sources to the destinations
Multi-tier (hierarchy backup)● how data are distributed using different type of destinations
Destination “format”:● how data are saved in which format● with which kind of relations with previous data
(full, incremental, differential, de-duplicated, …)
Backup frequency● how often are performed the backup jobs
Backup retention● how old data are removed from the destination● how much data must remain
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Multi-tier backup strategies
More techniques, levels or hierarchy organization
D2DT
Storage Snapshots as a first level● But not a true backup!
Offline media
Replication as an additional level of protection
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Destination “format”
Format of the backup data depends on the backup program
Common way to store the data● Full● Differential (Cumulative)● Incremental● Reverse incremental● Synthetic
Other aspects● Compression● De-duplication● Encryption
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Backup frequency
How much● Job scheduling
Defined by● RPO and business requirements
Different schedules for different format
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Backup retention
How much data must be stored?
Depends on● Source type and its size
● Frequency− more backup could mean more data that could limit the retention)
● “Format” type− by using deduplication or incremental backup and/or compression
we can reduce the amount of backup and increase the retention
● Destination type− that could define the amount of data that could be stored)
● Required Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
Reclaim of expired data
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Retention on D2D and D2T
D2D● Incremental model● Retention vs. Space
− More disks− Compression and/or deduplication
● Reclaim mean usually delete old files
D2T● Full/differential/incremental models● Retention vs. Space
− Using off-line tapes
● Reclaim with media rotation policies
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Media rotation policy
Round Robin (FIFO) Grandfather, Father, Son (GFS) Tower Of Hanoi More info on
● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup_rotation_scheme● http://www.computer-repair.com/Backup.htm
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What we covered
What is a backup policy
What make a backup policy● What● Where● How
Why is important● To design a backup solution
− Consider the backup as an entire IT process
● Could be used as a documentation of the backup procedures and jobs
● Could be part of a BCP● High level policy can be adapted to different type of backup products
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