BASICS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR
PRESENT TENSE BE
 The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE, wh!h we have to "se a!!or#$% to the &ro$o"$ or s"b'e!t(
TO BE
PRESENT CONTINO)S
 The &rese$t !o$t$o"s te$se s "se# to #es!rbe a!tvtes that ha&&e$ $ow, that mea$s a!tvtes that are #eve*o&$% at the mome$t of s&ea+$%
Subject BE -IN !O"#
I am dancing I am not dancing  Am I dancing,
'ou are eating 'ou are not  eating  Are (ou eating,
$e is sleeping $e is not sleeping Is %e sleeping,
S%e is reading S%e is not reading Is s%e reading,
It is running It is not running Is it running,
 
erb ending in... $ow to mae t%e -IN
/orm E0amples
3ouble t%e consonant4 t%en add 5IN
swim - swimming  hit - hitting 
coming  lose - losing  live – living 
6an(t%ing else7 Add 5IN say - saying  go - going 
walk - walking 
Ca$ s "se# to show ab*t.
T%e( can dance $e can8t pla( t%e piano $e can pla( /ootball
$e can swim $e can sate
 
NEGATI/E AN0 1)ESTIONS
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE 'ES)NO
*+ESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
I can coo I can not coo 9an I coo, Yes, you can / No,you can´t
'ou can dance 'ou can not dance 9an (ou dance, Yes I can / No I can’t
$e can pla( $e can not pla( 9an %e pla(, Yes, he can / No, he can`t
S%e can swim S%e can not swim 9an s%e swim, Yes, she can / No, she can’t
It can run It can not run 9an it run, Yes, t can / No, t can’t
&e can sing &e can not sing 9an we sing, Yes, !e can / No, !e can’t
T%e( can wal T%e( can not wal 9an t%e( wal , Yes, they can / No, they
can’t
$e IS He is in the lab.
S%e IS She is my sister.
It IS It is a city.
&e ARE We are friends.
T%e( ARE They are doctors.
 
NEGATI/E SENTENCES
  2o" !a$ ma+e $e%atve se$te$!es sm*ar to the se$te$!es before( The o$*. #3ere$!e s to a## NOT after am, s, are, as .o" !a$ see $ the fo**ow$% !hart(
 
$e
It8s not ; It isn8t
 
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 2ES NO 1)ESTIONS I$ E$%*sh we have two +$#s of 4"esto$s:  2esNo 4"esto$s a$# 5h64"esto$s(
 The 2es No 1"esto$s are !a**e# so be!a"se the a$swers a*wa.s start wth 2es or No(
 
'es4 t%e( are ) No4 t%e( aren8t
'es4 t%e( are students. ) No t%e( are not students.
 A//irmative Statement<
'es4 s%e is ) No4 s%e isn8t
'es4 s%e is tall and t%in. ) No4 s%e is not tall and t%in
are
 Are
is
Is
5H 6 1)ESTIONS  The wh64"esto$s *oo+ for $formato$
a!!o#$% to the 4"esto$ wor#(
 
about… Example
&%at is (our name, "obert%.
&%at do (ou do, I am a driver.
&%at is %e doing, $e8s woring
&%o People &%o is t%e director o/ t%e sc%ool, 9arlos Samaniego.
&%ere Places &%ere is %e, In t%e %ouse.
$ow State
!orm ) manner 
$ow is ?oja, S%e is (oung.
 
Statements 'es)No *uestion S%ort Answers
I am a teacher. I am not  a teacher.  m I a teacher! Yes" you are # $o" you are
not 
You are not  a student.
 re you a student! Yes" I am # $o" I am not 
He is in the lab. He is not  in the lab. Is he in the lab! Yes" he is # $o" he is not 
She is my sister. She is not  my sister. Is she my sister! Yes" she is # $o" she is
not 
It is a city. It is not  a city. Is it a city! Yes" it is # $o" it is not 
We are friends. We are not  friends.  re we friends! Yes" we are # $o" we are
not 
are not 
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0EMONSTRATI/ES
&e use T$IS ) T$ESE w%en t%e objects are near to t%e speaer.
T%is is a blacboard T%ese are papers
T$IS 2Singular Nouns T$ESE 2 Plural Nouns
 
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0EMONSTRATI/ES
&e use T$AT ) T$OSE w%en t%e objects are /ar /rom t%e speaers.
T%at is a lae.
T%ose are mountains T$AT 2 Singular Nouns
T$OSE 2 Plural Nouns
Questions 5hat s that7 
 That s a$ ar&*a$e( Is that a br#7 No, t s a$ ar&*a$e(
5hat are those7   Those are boo+s Are those boo+s7
 2es, the. are boo+s(
 
PL)RAL NO)NS Noun ending !orming t%e plural E0amples
s4 04 c% or s% Add -es boss - bosses ta0 - ta0es
bus% - bus%es
 Add 5es
curr( 5 curries
 
Ends wit% -/e 9%ange / to v t%en
 Add 5s
 Add 5es
Ends wit% - o Add 5es potato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes
volcano - volcanoes
 A?? @IN3S 9%ange t%e vowel or 
 Add a di//erent ending
man - men /oot - /eet
O0 - o0en person - people mouse - mice
+nc%anging Singular and plural are t%e same
s%eep deer 
$er pants are blue $is s%irt is new
T%is is %er cat
 
T%e 9%ild8s mot%er is %app(
 
In a room in a town
In a car in a garden
ON On a s%el/ on a wall
On a plate on t%e table
On a balcon( on a door 
 AT At t%e bus station at %ome
 At t%e door at t%e top
 At wor at t%e end o/