Basic Neuroanatomy
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Transcript of Basic Neuroanatomy
Basic Neuroanatomy
Chapter 3
The Human Brain Book
Rita Cater
Microanatomy
Gross Anatomy
Neurological Function
Microanatomyand Histology
Brodmann Areascytoarchitectonic map of the brain
Gross Anatomy
Gyri
protruding rounded surfaces
Sulci
shallow furrows / folds / grooves
Fissures
deep furrows / clefts / grooves
Grey Matter
forms a cortical sheath around white matter
composed of cell bodies of neurons and glia
White Matter
composed mostly ofglia and myelinated axons
Fiber Tracts
bundles of axons
Commissure
a cross-hemispheric white matter tract
Cerebral Cortexoutermost sheet of neural tissue
of the cerebrum
“...the bulging wrinkled surface... commonly known as the grey matter...”
Neocortex
outer layer of the cerebral cortex
90% of the cerebral cortex
Cortical Layers
spatial levels ofneuronal organization
Functional Divisionsof the Cerebral Cortex
Cortical Topography
Limbic System
cingulate gyrushypothalamus
anterior thalamic nucleihippocampus
amygdala
Limbic System
“...participates in emotional processing,
learning, and memory.”
Nuclei
“...discrete collections of the cell bodies of neurons...
‘islands’ of gray matter...”
Basal Ganglia(Basal Nuclei)
putamencaudate nucleiglobus pallidus
subthalamic nucleisubstantia nigra
Basal Ganglia
“...help ensure that physical movements
are smooth and coordinated.”
Ventricles
produce and containcerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
CSF
buoyancy, protectionand chemical stability
Diencephalon
thalamushypothalamus
Thalamus
“gateway to the cortex”
Hypothalamus
controls functions necessary for maintenance of homeostasis
involved in emotional processesand control of the pituitary gland
The Brainstem
midbrainpons
medulla
Midbrain
visuomotor functionsvisual reflexesauditory relays
motor coordination
Medulla
monitoring and controlling ofbreathing, heartbeat and blood pressure
controlling vomiting, sneezing,swallowing and coughing
The Cerebellum
integrates informationabout the body
and motor commands,ultimately resulting in
coordinated movement
The As If Principle
Richard Wiseman