BASIC NETWORK CABLING SYSTEM

Reception

Accounts

Manager

Accounts “Workstation “ Personal Computer (PC )

SWITCH

Local Area Network “LAN”

Cabling system is called “ Ethernet”

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ADSL Router

Telkom Line

C5e Cable

C5e Cable

C5e Cable

C5e Cable

1 2 3 4 5 6 12

13 24

4

File Server

File Server

SWITCH

PATCH PANEL

Accounts

Building Wiring

Office Outlet

Patch Cable

Fly Lead

Fly Lead

PRACTICAL EXAMPLE

NETWORK CABLING OVERVIEW

PRACTICAL NETWORK COMPONENTS

Patch Panel Brush Panel

Network Switch

Standard 19” cabinet

User Outlet (RJ45 Socket )

User Computer (“Workstation”)

RJ45 to RJ45 “Fly lead”

Category 5e or 6 Cable

Workstation Network Card To Network Switch Port Maximum Distance 100Mtrs

“Patch Cable”

Side View

Patch Panel

Brush Panel

Network Switch

“Patch Cable”

Building Wiring

Building Wiring

Building Wiring

100 mtr Length max !

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NETWORK CABLE TYPES (BASIC OVERVIEW)

PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION

Orange White/Orange Green White/Green Blue White/Blue Brown White/Brown

Orange White/Orange Green White/Green Blue White/Blue Brown White/Brown

The Basic CATEGORY 5 ,5e ,6,6a Cable 4 x Twisted Pairs

Grey,Blue,Red etc PVC Jacket Overall

SPECIFICATIONS ( As at 2012)

CATEGORY 5 SPEED 10mb/sec & 100mb/sec (Obsolete ) CATEGORY 5e SPEED 10mb/sec , 100mb/sec , 1000mb/sec (1gb/sec), Frequency 100mhz CATEGORY 6 SPEED 10mb/sec , 100mb/sec , 1000mb/sec (1gb/sec), Frequency 250mhz CATEGORY 6a SPEED 10 gb/sec (10 gb/sec) Frequency 500 mhz

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Nb: Speeds shown are “Speed Limits” actual speed is dependant on hardware/software & network traffic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

WHITE/GREEN GREEN WHITE/ORANGE BLUE WHITE/BLUE ORANGE WHITE/BROWN BROWN

T568A STANDARD

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

WHITE/ORANGE ORANGE WHITE/GREEN BLUE WHITE/BLUE GREEN WHITE/BROWN BROWN

T568B STANDARD

ETHERNET COLOUR CODES

8 1

RJ45 PLUG INFINITY CABLING

B A

A STANDARD COLOUR CODE

B STANDARD COLOUR CODE

CROSS OVER CABLE (Only Used Occasionally 2012 )

Nb: A or B Wiring can be used on any Network NB: It is not advisable to mix the Standards on the same network as it may Lead to mis-wires on the same circuit .

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Insulation Displacement Connector ( IDC )

Loose Mechanical Fit Plus bad Electrical Connection

Solid Cable Flex Cable

Insulation Displacement Connector ( IDC )

Copper

Insulation

Solid Fit Good Electrical Connection

Contact Blades

RJ45 CONNECTOR 2 TYPES ! Solid Cable Type Flex Cable Type

Use Solid Type For All Cables!

Use Solid Cable ONLY for Installations. Flex Cable will Cause data corruption/loss due to higher electrical resistance, Flex for fly leads etc only

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RJ TYPE CONNECTORS

RJ45 8 Contacts

Shielded Un-Shielded

RJ12 6 Contacts

RJ11 4 Contacts

(wide)

RJ11 4 Contacts

Telephone 2 Contacts

Universal RJ Crimping Tool

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( This Tool Can Be Used For All RJ Type Connectors )

8 1

Contact Pin Numbers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RJ45

Telephone

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4

1 2

RJ12 RJ11

Pin Cross Reference

The Standard Straight-through Cable the IEEE TSB T568 B Colour Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

White/orange Orange White/green Blue White/blue Green White/brown Brown

Transmit Data

Receive Data

+ -

+

- Receive Data

Transmit Data

Not Used on 10/100 Links

Not Used on 10/100 Links

“Open Circuit pin 1 “

“Crossed Pair Pin 7 & 8 “

.

“Short Circuit Pin 3 & 4 “

ELECTRICAL FAULTS ON A NETWORK CABLE

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Common wiring Faults Detected by CABLE TESTER

PABX

PABX EXT 001 to 100 / Fax Lines etc

Network Switches/hubs

CAT 5e/6 Outlets

CAT 5e/6 BUILDING CABLING

Building Patch Panel CAT 5e / 6

Telephone Patch Panel (CAT 5e or RJ11 Type ) STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM

User Points

Telephone Tie Cables

Krone DP

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Cabinet Cross Reference List

PABX

1 2 3 4

1 2

3

4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

5 6 7 8

Telephone Cable X1058 X 2073

1058

Office Patch Panel

Telephone Patch Panel

Network Switch

Extension Patch Pnl. 2072 ---- 1 2073 ---- 2 1058 ---- 3 1059 ---- 4

(Company Document )

X2072

Ext Numbers Hard Wired

Numbers Must Match !

Structured Cabling System INFINITY CABLING

Adsl Router

pc

Network Cable

TEL. Wall Socket

Adsl Router

pc

Network Cable

TEL. Wall Socket

Standard ADSL Installation

Additional Telephone Outlets Network Cabling

If Multiple PC’s on single ADSL Router/Switch

Adsl Router

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ADSL FILTER

F

FAX MC

F

Voice Service

Telephone Line

Telkom

F

Nb: All Voice Services Have same number !

Telephone Cabling

Switch Telephone Cable

Network Cable

ADSL Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line

Telephone Line

Telkom

….

SA TELKOM DIGINET SERVICE

Diginet is a leased line system giving the subscriber a permanent point to point connection. The system operates 24/7 and is available in a range of speeds 128 kb/sec to 34 Mb/sec and is available both nationally and internationally. The systems has the ability for the user to establish a private data network throughout a city or city-to-city etc.

NTU STU

NTU STU

Diginet Line Router Router

Telkom Responsibility

Computer System/ Network

Computer System/ Network

Subscriber Responsibility

Subscriber Responsibility

BT Test Box

BT Box

Or

Phone Line

Network Termination Unit

Subscriber Termination Unit

“Telkom Modem”

or

BT/RJ Line cord

X 21 Data Comms Cable

RJ45/RJ45 Ethernet cable

Router Ethernet Switch

Connectors Vary Dependant on Speed

NB: Some Routers can Connect to Multiple NTU”S

Site A Site B

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TYPICAL USER SITE

15,25,35 Pins (may be crossover type !)

10/100 Network Switch

1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8

1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8

TX 100 mb/sec

RX 100 mb/sec

NOT USED

NOT USED

Category 5 Cable

10/100 Network Interface Card

Category 5 User Outlet

Category 5 Fly lead

1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8

1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8

TX / RX 250 mb/sec

Category 5e or 6 Cable

10 / 100 / 1000 Network Interface Card

Category 5e or 6 User Outlet

Category 5e/6 Fly lead

10/100/1000 Network Switch

TX / RX 250 mb/sec

TX / RX 250 mb/sec

TX / RX 250 mb/sec

10/100 mb Network Data Link

10/100/1000 mb Network Data Link

INFINITY CABLING “ Gigabit Ethernet “

*

*

Full Duplex Allows TX RX Simultaneously Ie 200 mb/sec Tranmission

Nb 250 mb/sec Full Duplex All pairs simultaneously,no Link ? Check all pairs connected!

250 + 250 + 250 + 250 = 1000 mb/sec (1gb/sec)

POWER OVER ETHERNET

POE

Technology sends DC power to Network Devices via Cat 5e Cable ie Wireless Access Units, Web Cameras, IP Handsets etc.

IP Device

Power Supply DC Power

220v Power At Equipment Site C5e Cable

Standard Switch

C5e Cable

POE Switch ( sets voltage and current limits automatically)

POE Switch sends dc Power via spare pairs in C5e cable

220v

C5e Cable

“Power Injector” unit connects dc power to spare pairs in C5e cable

Standard Switch

C5e

C5e Cable

Standard Switch

220v

dc

dc C5e C5e

“Cable Adaptors” connect dc power to spare pairs in C5e cable Power Supply

Power Supply

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Nb. must use psu supplied with Equipment

Must be POE Compliant To operate with POE Switch)

!!Not to be confused With Ethernet over power

ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE

Impedance is total sum of all factors preventing the conduction of an AC voltage through a conductor

The factors are :- RESISTANCE,INDUCTANCE and CAPACITANCE

RESISTANCE – The insulator or conductor properties of the conductor

INDUCTANCE – The generation of magnetic fields consuming AC voltage from the signal

CAPACITANCE - The build up of an electrical charge consuming AC voltage from the signal

AC Signal in AC Signal out

RESISTANCE + INDUCTANCE + CAPACITANCE

Category 5e,6 = 100 OHM Impedance (Ethernet Networks) RG58 = 50 OHM Impedance (Ethernet networks (obsolete) RG59 = 75 OHM Impedance (Video, CCTV, TV ) RG 62 = 93 OHM Impedance (Radio Transmitter feed lines)

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Confusion Note: Electrical resistance = OHMS Impedance = OHMS Not the same thing! Thank you Oliver

(Oliver Heaviside 1850-1925)

Dedicated 15 Amp Plug Top

IEC Male/Female “kettle cord”

Clover / Clover Leaf Plug

Figure 8 Plug

8

Red

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Flat Earth Pin

IT POWER CORDS

CABLING TECHNOLOGY SPECIAL HAND TOOLS

KRONE ( pronounced “krona”) TOOL

110 INSERTION TOOL

RJ TYPE CRIMPING TOOL

IDC TYPE Insulation Displacement Connector

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