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Transcript of Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley...
![Page 1: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Chapter 4
Properties of Steam and Steam Generators
![Page 2: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Formation of Steam at Constant Pressure
Ptriple = 0.006112 bar, Ttriple =273.16°C
![Page 3: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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P–V Diagram, T–s Diagram, h–s Diagram and P–s Diagram
![Page 4: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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![Page 5: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Steam Generation
• Enthalpy Change in Generation of Steam from 0°C at 0°C
• 0°C to Saturation Temperature
•Wet Steam: Wet steam contains partly water as suspended in it and partly steam
![Page 6: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Dryness Fraction: Dryness fraction is defined as the mass of dry steam per kg of wet steam. It is represented by x.
• Enthalpy
• Specific Volume
• Internal Energy
• Entropy of Water
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Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Entropy of Steam
![Page 8: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Throttling Calorimeter
![Page 9: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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![Page 10: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Separating and Throttling Calorimeter
![Page 11: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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![Page 12: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Mollier Diagram or h–S Chart
![Page 13: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Steam Generators/Boilers
“A combination of apparatus for producing, furnishing or recovering heat together with apparatus for transferring the heat so made available to water which would be heated and vaporized to steam form” (ASME).
Basis for classification of boilerso Contents inside the tubeo Firing systemo Position of drumo Pressureo Nature of water circulation
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Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Water Tube and Fire Tube Boilers
![Page 15: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Requirements of a Good Boiler
• Low cost of installation, operation and maintenance• Easy maintenance• High efficiency• Safety• High transportability• High steam production rate• Good quality of steam• Quick steam generation capacity• Meeting fluctuating demand of steam
![Page 16: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Cochran Boiler
![Page 17: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Babcock and Wilcox Boiler
![Page 18: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Locomotive Boiler
![Page 19: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Lancashire Boiler
![Page 20: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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![Page 21: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Boiler Mountings
• Safety valve• Water level indicator• Pressure gauge• Fusible plug• Steam stop valve• Feed check valve• Blow-off cock• Man and mud hole
![Page 22: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Safety Valves
![Page 23: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Sprint Loaded Safety Valve Lever Safety Valve
![Page 24: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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High Steam Low Water Safety Valve
![Page 25: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Water Level Indicator
![Page 26: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Pressure Gauge
![Page 27: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Feed Check Valve
![Page 28: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Steam Stop Valve
![Page 29: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Blow-off Cock
![Page 30: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Fusible Plug
![Page 31: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Boiler Accessories
• Economiser• Air preheater• Super heater• Steam trap• Steam separator• Injector
![Page 32: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Economiser
![Page 33: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Air Preheater
![Page 34: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Superheater
![Page 35: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Injector
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Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Steam Separator
![Page 37: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Pressure Reducing Valve
![Page 38: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Performance of Boilers
Evaporation Rate: It is steam generation rate of boilers which may be expressed in terms of kg of steam per unit heating surface area or kg of steam per cubic metre of furnace volume or kg of steam per kg fuel burnt.Equivalent Evaporation: It is equivalent of evaporation of 1 kg of water at 100°C to dry and saturated steam at 100°C, standard atmospheric pressure of 1.013 bar. Hence, the equivalent evaporation of 1 kg of water at 100°C needs 2,257 kJ.Factor of Evaporation: It is ratio of heat absorbed by 1 kg of feed water under working conditions to latent heat of steam at atmospheric pressure.
![Page 39: Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Edition by Dr Pravin Kumar Copyright © 2013 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 4 Properties of Steam and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e495503460f94b3cdbd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Boiler Efficiency: It is ratio of heat absorbed by water in boiler to heat supplied to boiler per unit time.
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Basic Mechanical Engineering, First Editionby Dr Pravin Kumar
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Thank You.