Basic internet search techniques - Los Angeles...
Transcript of Basic internet search techniques - Los Angeles...
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BASIC INTERNET SEARCH TECHNIQUESBASIC INTERNET SEARCH TECHNIQUES
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
At the end of this presentation the student will be able to:
State definitions for the terms Internet, World Wide Web and search engine Analyze a research topicDevelop appropriate search strategies and conduct a searchRefine search results
At the end of this presentation the student will be able to:
State definitions for the terms Internet, World Wide Web and search engine Analyze a research topicDevelop appropriate search strategies and conduct a searchRefine search results
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
Before starting your search it’s a good idea to have a basic understanding of the tools used to retrieve information:
InternetWorld Wide WebSearch engine
Before starting your search it’s a good idea to have a basic understanding of the tools used to retrieve information:
InternetWorld Wide WebSearch engine
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
The terms Internet and World Wide Web (Web) are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same thing
The terms Internet and World Wide Web (Web) are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same thing
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
The Internet provides the electronic communication structureThe Web uses the structure to find and display information from a variety of sources
The Internet provides the electronic communication structureThe Web uses the structure to find and display information from a variety of sources
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
You can search for information on the Web using any number of different search enginesWhat are search engines?
Search engines are large databases of web page files
You can search for information on the Web using any number of different search enginesWhat are search engines?
Search engines are large databases of web page files
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
Search engines use programs called “spiders” or “robots” to “crawl” through Web pages, index the information and add it to the search engine
Most of the information is free, though there may be links to sites that are not free
Search engines use programs called “spiders” or “robots” to “crawl” through Web pages, index the information and add it to the search engine
Most of the information is free, though there may be links to sites that are not free
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
When you use a search engine (such as Google, Yahoo, Ask, AltaVista) you are asking it to scan its index of sites and match your keyword(s) and phrase(s) with those in the texts of documents within its database
When you use a search engine (such as Google, Yahoo, Ask, AltaVista) you are asking it to scan its index of sites and match your keyword(s) and phrase(s) with those in the texts of documents within its database
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
Due to the sheer number of words indexed by search engines you may get many responses to simple search requests
You may get lengthy documents in which your keyword appears only onceMany may not be relevant to your topic
Due to the sheer number of words indexed by search engines you may get many responses to simple search requests
You may get lengthy documents in which your keyword appears only onceMany may not be relevant to your topic
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
Web pages found by search engines do not go through a review process
Anyone can publish their ideasYou must evaluate the site and information carefully
Web pages found by search engines do not go through a review process
Anyone can publish their ideasYou must evaluate the site and information carefully
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
No two search engines are exactly alike in terms of
SizeSpeed and contentRanking schemesSearch options
No two search engines are exactly alike in terms of
SizeSpeed and contentRanking schemesSearch options
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
Remember – a search engineCannot think for youCannot understand what you mean by your concepts or termsCan only match the word(s) you choose
Remember – a search engineCannot think for youCannot understand what you mean by your concepts or termsCan only match the word(s) you choose
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
No single search engine can access the entire WebThe information you retrieve will depend on:
The search engine(s) and the search term(s) you use
No single search engine can access the entire WebThe information you retrieve will depend on:
The search engine(s) and the search term(s) you use
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Defining Search ToolsDefining Search Tools
Check your search engine’s home page or initial screen to find out its default or basic settings
Look for “help”, “tips”, “FAQs”
Know the default settings as this may explain why your search results are not what you expected
Check your search engine’s home page or initial screen to find out its default or basic settings
Look for “help”, “tips”, “FAQs”
Know the default settings as this may explain why your search results are not what you expected
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
Searching for information can be frustrating and the results overwhelmingAnalyzing your topic, and then using search techniques effectively, will help you obtain the information you need for school or personal use
Searching for information can be frustrating and the results overwhelmingAnalyzing your topic, and then using search techniques effectively, will help you obtain the information you need for school or personal use
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
First take time to think about exactly what you are looking for – be specific
It may be useful to write out your topic in the form of a sentence or question to help clarify exactly what type of information you need
First take time to think about exactly what you are looking for – be specific
It may be useful to write out your topic in the form of a sentence or question to help clarify exactly what type of information you need
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
Example: I want to research dyslexiaWhat about this topic are you interested in?Do you want to know the extent of the problem (statistics), signs/symptoms, effect on learning, how to help someone with dyslexia, what age group?
Example: I want to research dyslexiaWhat about this topic are you interested in?Do you want to know the extent of the problem (statistics), signs/symptoms, effect on learning, how to help someone with dyslexia, what age group?
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
Example: I want to research driving in the elderly population
What about this topic are you interested in?Do you want to know physical changes that affect the elderly, how many elderly still drive (statistics), any laws that limit driving based on age, pros and cons of driving after a certain age?
Example: I want to research driving in the elderly population
What about this topic are you interested in?Do you want to know physical changes that affect the elderly, how many elderly still drive (statistics), any laws that limit driving based on age, pros and cons of driving after a certain age?
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
Once you identify your topic break it into key concepts or points
Write down all the keywords and phrases that best describe your topic
Once you identify your topic break it into key concepts or points
Write down all the keywords and phrases that best describe your topic
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
Think of synonyms or related terms for each concept or point
Consider spelling variations as well as the singular and plural of words
Think of synonyms or related terms for each concept or point
Consider spelling variations as well as the singular and plural of words
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
Example: If writing about dyslexia in the adult population consider terms such as:
Dyslexia: reading disorder, developmental reading disorder, learning disabilityAdult: adults, mature individual(s)
Example: If writing about dyslexia in the adult population consider terms such as:
Dyslexia: reading disorder, developmental reading disorder, learning disabilityAdult: adults, mature individual(s)
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
Example: If you are researching driving and the elderly consider these related terms:
Driving: drive, automobile driving, car driving, auto drivingElderly: old, aged, geriatric(s), elder, older adult, aging
Example: If you are researching driving and the elderly consider these related terms:
Driving: drive, automobile driving, car driving, auto drivingElderly: old, aged, geriatric(s), elder, older adult, aging
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Analyze Your Research TopicAnalyze Your Research Topic
The word(s) you use will determine the information you find
Using different words in your search may give you additional information
The word(s) you use will determine the information you find
Using different words in your search may give you additional information
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Strategies to Conduct Your SearchStrategies to Conduct Your Search
To do a basic search on most search engines type in a keyword you have identified – example: dyslexiaThis will produce the greatest number of results, though often not what you want
To do a basic search on most search engines type in a keyword you have identified – example: dyslexiaThis will produce the greatest number of results, though often not what you want
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Strategies to Conduct Your SearchStrategies to Conduct Your Search
A multiple keyword search retrieves more specific or focused results
Example: elderly driving lawsWhen using a multiple keyword search, put the most important keywords first
A multiple keyword search retrieves more specific or focused results
Example: elderly driving lawsWhen using a multiple keyword search, put the most important keywords first
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Strategies to Conduct Your SearchStrategies to Conduct Your Search
Use “ ” marks around phrases to make sure they are searched exactly as is otherwise most search engines will look for each word separately
Example: “nursing care plans” vs. nursing care plansExample: “world health organization” vs. world health organization
Use “ ” marks around phrases to make sure they are searched exactly as is otherwise most search engines will look for each word separately
Example: “nursing care plans” vs. nursing care plansExample: “world health organization” vs. world health organization
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
You can refine and improve your search by using different techniques to broaden or narrow your search results
You can refine and improve your search by using different techniques to broaden or narrow your search results
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Search tips to refine your resultsUse a plus sign + in front of a word to require its inclusion (no space between the sign and the word)A word or phrase preceded by a + must be present in the search resultsExample: +newborn
Search tips to refine your resultsUse a plus sign + in front of a word to require its inclusion (no space between the sign and the word)A word or phrase preceded by a + must be present in the search resultsExample: +newborn
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Search tips to refine your resultsUse a minus sign – in front of a word to require its exclusion (no space between the sign and the word)A word or phrase preceded by a – will exclude that word in the search resultsExample: –infant
Search tips to refine your resultsUse a minus sign – in front of a word to require its exclusion (no space between the sign and the word)A word or phrase preceded by a – will exclude that word in the search resultsExample: –infant
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Search tips to refine your resultsUse lower case to find both upper and lower case versions of a wordUse of upper case results in only exact upper case matches
Search tips to refine your resultsUse lower case to find both upper and lower case versions of a wordUse of upper case results in only exact upper case matches
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Search tips to refine your resultsBoolean searchingA way of connecting keywords using the
“operators” AND, OR, NOTHere’s how they work
Search tips to refine your resultsBoolean searchingA way of connecting keywords using the
“operators” AND, OR, NOTHere’s how they work
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Boolean searchingUse of the “operator” AND narrows your search because the results must contain all of the search terms connected by the word AND, not just one of the wordsExample: heart AND lungExample: newborn AND infantExample: dyslexia AND adults
Boolean searchingUse of the “operator” AND narrows your search because the results must contain all of the search terms connected by the word AND, not just one of the wordsExample: heart AND lungExample: newborn AND infantExample: dyslexia AND adults
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Boolean searchingUse of the “operator” OR broadens your search because the results must contain at least one of the search terms connected by the word ORExample: heart OR lungExample: adolescent OR teenager
Boolean searchingUse of the “operator” OR broadens your search because the results must contain at least one of the search terms connected by the word ORExample: heart OR lungExample: adolescent OR teenager
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Boolean searchingUse of the “operator” NOT excludes terms so that your results do not contain any of the terms that follow it Use of NOT excludes unwanted concepts or wordsExample: lung disease NOT smoking
Boolean searchingUse of the “operator” NOT excludes terms so that your results do not contain any of the terms that follow it Use of NOT excludes unwanted concepts or wordsExample: lung disease NOT smoking
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Here are some additional search techniques you may find useful
Truncation Wild cards
Here are some additional search techniques you may find useful
Truncation Wild cards
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
Use truncation and wildcards to search for variations in spelling and the form of a word
Examples of spelling variations can be seen in the difference between American and British spellingExamples: pediatric vs. paediatric,
orthopedic vs. orthopaedic
Use truncation and wildcards to search for variations in spelling and the form of a word
Examples of spelling variations can be seen in the difference between American and British spellingExamples: pediatric vs. paediatric,
orthopedic vs. orthopaedic
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
TruncationTyping the stem, or root of a word, plus a *, ? or $ symbol at the end of the word will retrieve all forms of the wordExample: allerg$ will yield allergy, allergic,
allergenExample: gastro* will yield gastroenteritis,
gastrointestinal, gastroenterologist
TruncationTyping the stem, or root of a word, plus a *, ? or $ symbol at the end of the word will retrieve all forms of the wordExample: allerg$ will yield allergy, allergic,
allergenExample: gastro* will yield gastroenteritis,
gastrointestinal, gastroenterologist
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
WildcardsWildcard symbols such as a ? may be inserted in place of a letter(s) in a keywordUseful when you are not sure of a spelling or when there are different forms of the root wordExample: wom?n will yield both woman and
women
WildcardsWildcard symbols such as a ? may be inserted in place of a letter(s) in a keywordUseful when you are not sure of a spelling or when there are different forms of the root wordExample: wom?n will yield both woman and
women
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Refine Search ResultsRefine Search Results
The symbols used may vary depending on the database or search engine you are using
The symbols used may vary depending on the database or search engine you are using
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Your Search ApproachYour Search Approach
RememberThere is no right or wrong approach. It depends onThe topic you chooseThe time you have - but NEVER wait until the
last minute!How exhaustive your search needs to be
RememberThere is no right or wrong approach. It depends onThe topic you chooseThe time you have - but NEVER wait until the
last minute!How exhaustive your search needs to be
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Need Help?Need Help?
Stuck?Have a question?Can’t find what you’re looking for?Ask a member of the Library Staff – we are here to help you!
Stuck?Have a question?Can’t find what you’re looking for?Ask a member of the Library Staff – we are here to help you!