Basic Guidance About LaTeX

7/24/2019 Basic Guidance About LaTeX

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A Short Course onUsing LaTex

Umair Rafique (Lecturer)CS Department,

Air University, s!ama"a#


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Why Bother?

Preparing professional quality documents

Changing Text Formatting Style

Bibliography anagement

Changing reference style !"ailability of #aTex Templates for almost all $ournals and

conferences%

& 'ery fe( pro"ide SWord Templates

) *mair +afique ,


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Course -ntroduction

T(o days course ./0thand /1th2uly3

4o( to use #aTex for producing professional quality documents

& Text Formatting

& Tables5 Figures5 !lgorithms& athematical 6xpressions5 Theorems

& +eference .Bibliography3 anagement

& uch more

Six 78 minute sessions .three on each day3

Will co"er all the basics of document formatting using #aTex

9) *mair +afique


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Bonus

Simplified5 ready to use5 templates for some ma$or publishers .-66656lse"ier and Springer3

! complete template for S and Ph: thesis

!ll #aTex related installation setups Tips on ho( to benefit from S ;ffice for use in #aTex

) *mair +afique


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-nstructor -ntroduction

Ph%:% .Thesis !ccepted35 =anyang Technological *ni"ersity5Singapore%

!rea of +esearch> !rtificial -ntelligence

& -ntelligent !gents

& !ction +epresentation for Commonsense +easoning

#aTex?

4omepage> http>(((%ntu%edu%sghome@umai888/ Aoogle> *mair +afique

@) *mair +afique
http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home5/umai0001/http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home5/umai0001/


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Course Syllabus

/0th 2ulySession / .7>88 to /8>983 -ntroduction to #atex5 -nstallation5 Creating aSimple :ocumentSession , .//>88 to /,>983 !uthors and Titles5 Chapters5 Sections5 Table of

Contents5 #abels5 Cross+eferencing5 Page Styles5 #istsSession 9 ./,>/@3 Figures5 Araphs5 Tables5 and ParagraphFormatting

/1th 2ulySession / .7>88 to /8>983 Bibliography anagement using BibTex5

Theorems5 Formatting your C' using #aTex%Session , .//>88 to /,>983 Writing !lgorithms5 athematical 6xpressionsand 6quationsSession 9 ./,>/@3 *sing Well no(n #atex Templates .-66656lse"ier5 Springer3

0) *mair +afique


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Session /

-ntroduction to #aTex5 -nstallation5

Creating a Simple :ocument


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;utline

Terminology> Tex5 #aTex5 P:F #aTex5 iTex5 ProText

Tex 6ditors

& TexStudio

&TexWors& TeDnic Center

& TexaerD

-nstalling #atex using ProText

-nstalling the Tex 6ditor TexaerD

Creating a Basic :ocument What #atex Can +eally :o?

E) *mair +afique


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Tex

Tex is a lo(le"el marup and programming language created by:onald nuth in /711 to typeset documents attracti"ely andconsistently%

The fine control TeD offers maes it "ery po(erful5 but also difficultand timeconsuming to use%

TeD is reno(ned for being extremely stable5 for running on manydifferent inds of computers5 and for being "irtually bug free%

4o(e"er it requires a consistent stage of learning5 and additional

times building custom macros for text formatting%

) *mair +afique 7


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#aTex -

#aTex is a document preparation systems based on TeD and includes prebuilt macros%

#aTeD pro"ides a highle"el language that accesses the po(er of TeD%

#aTeD essentially comprises a collection of TeD macros and a program to

process #aTeD documents% Because the TeD formatting commands are "ery lo(le"el5 it is usually much

simpler for endusers to use #aTeD%

-t (as created by #eslie #amport in early /7E8s%

-ts purpose is to simplify TeD typesetting5 especially for documents

containing mathematical formulae% any authors ha"e contributed extensions5 called pacages or styles

Some of these are bundled (ith most TeD#aTeD soft(are distributions%ore can be found in the Comprehensi"e TeD !rchi"e =et(or . CT!=3%

) *mair +afique /8


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#aTex --

*sing #aTex

& Gou can concentrate purely on the structure and contents of the documentand not (orry about layout issues%

& Gou donHt need to manually ad$ust fonts5 text siIes etc as #aTeD taes care

of them automatically%& The layout5 fonts5 tables etc% are consistent throughout the document%

& athematical formulae can be easily typeset%

& -ndexes5 footnotes5 citations and references are generated easily%

Gou donJt see (hat the final "ersion (ill loo lie (hile typing% -nstead you

see the logical structure of the document% The #aTeD document is a plain text file containing the content of the

document5 (ith additional marup%

) *mair +afique //


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P:F#aTex

!n extension to #aTex

The main difference bet(een #aTeD and P:F#aTeD is that (hereas#aTeD outputs :'- .:e'ice -ndependent3 files5 P:F#aTeD canoutput P:F files directly%

This allo(s tight integration of P:F features such as hypertext linsand tables of contents%

) *mair +afique /,


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#aTeD :istributions> iTex

#aTeD distribution is a collections of pacages and programs

The programs you expect to find in any #aTeD distribution are

& latex compiler reads a #aTeD %tex file and creates a %d"i

&pdflatex compiler reads a #aTeD %tex file and creates a %pdf& d"i,ps con"erts the %d"i file to %ps .postscript3%

& d"i,pdf con"erts the %d"i file to %pdf

& and a lot of pacages

iTex .for Windo(s3

& iTeD can update itself by do(nloading ne( "ersions of pre"iouslyinstalled components and pacages5 and has an easy installationprocess% !dditionally5 it can as users (hether they (ish to do(nloadany pacages that ha"e not yet been installed but are requested by thecurrent document%

) *mair +afique /9


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#aTex 6ditors

Pro"ide an easy to use interface for (riting and compilingdocuments in #atex

Tae care of all the document processing connecting to #aTexengine in the bacground

& -t is al(ays good to install #aTex first and then any #aTex 6ditor

=ormally include an integrated "ie(er so you can (rite your #atexdocument and see the resulting P:F document all using the sameeditor

-nclude many useful features lie spell checing5 menus for insertingsymbols etc%

:oIens of #aTex editors are a"ailable

) *mair +afique / -nstall TexaerD

) *mair +afique 98


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TexaerD -nstallation /

) *mair +afique 9/


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TexaerD -nstallation ,

) *mair +afique 9,


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TexaerD -nstallation 9

) *mair +afique 99


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TexaerD -nstallation ne an# ?>arne

Page argins

$usepacage%top@*Bcm, "ottom@*Bcm,!eft@*Bcm,right@5*7Bcm'geometry

Fancy 4eadersKusepacagefancyh#r

) *mair +afique 0@


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) *mair +afique 00


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fancyhdr example

$pagesty!efancy

$!hea#

$chea#

$rhea#$"fseries The performance of ne; gra#uates

$!foot4rom * /rant$cfootTo Dean A* Smith

$rfoot$thepage

$rene;comman#$hea#ru!e;i#th8*=pt

$rene;comman#$footru!e;i#th8*=pt

) *mair +afique 01

fancyhdr for :ouble Sided


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fancyhdr for :ouble SidedPrinting

KfancyheadNO clear all header fields

KfancyheadL+;5#6MNKbfseries The performance of ne( graduatesO

KfancyfootNO clear all footer fields

KfancyfootL#65+;MNKthepageO

KfancyfootL#;5C6MNFrom> % ArantO

KfancyfootLC;5+6MNTo> :ean !% SmithO

Krene(commandNKheadrule(idthON8%


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fancyhdr With Section4eadings> :efault

KfancyheadL#65+;MNKslshape KrightmarO

KfancyheadL#;5+6MNKslshape KleftmarO

KfancyfootLCMNKthepageO

) *mair +afique 07

fancyhdr With Section


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fancyhdr With Section4eadings> CustomiIed

$!eftmarcurrent chapter name printed lie C4!PT6+ 9% T4-S -ST46 C4!PT6+ T-T#6

$rightmarcurrent section name printed lie /%0% T4-S -S T46S6CT-;= T-T#6

Kleftmar contains the left argument of the last Kmarboth on thepage

Krightmar contains the right argument of the first Kmarboth or theonly argument of the first Kmarright on the page%

Gou can influence ho( chapter5 section5 and subsection information.only t(o of them3 is displayed by redefining the Kchaptermar5Ksectionmar5 and Ksubsectionmar commands

) *mair +afique 18


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) *mair +afique 1/

fancyhdr With Custom Section


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fancyhdr With Custom Section4eadings .example3

$pagesty!efancy

$fancyhea#

$a##to!ength$hea#height$"ase!inesip

$rene;comman#$hea#ru!e;i#th8*=pt

$rene;comman#$footru!e;i#th8*8pt

$rene;comman#$chaptermar%&'$mar"oth$chaptername$ $thechapter* E&

$rene;comman#$sectionmar%&'$marright$thesection*$ E&

$a##to!ength$hea#sep.8*&in

$fancyhea#%L3,L0'$+aeUppercase$!eftmar$$$rightmar

$fancyfoot%C'$thepage

) *mair +afique 1,


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) *mair +afique 19


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#ist 6n"ironments

By default t(o types of list en"ironments are a"ailable

$"eginenumerate

$item This is my first num"ere# item

$en#enumerate

$"eginitemiFe

$item This is my first "u!!et item

$en#itemiFe

These can be nested in any (ay%

) *mair +afique 1 !*T4;+6:-T;+5 T-T#65 C4!PT6+P!A6S5P*B#-S46+5 G6!+

& ;ptional fields> ';#*6=*B6+5 S6+-6S5 TGP65 !::+6SS5 6:-T-;=5

;=T45 =;T6 incollection:! part of a boo ha"ing its o(n title%

& +equired fields> !*T4;+5 T-T#65 B;;T-T#65 P*B#-S46+5 G6!+

& ;ptional fields> 6:-T;+5 ';#*6=*B6+5 S6+-6S5 TGP65 C4!PT6+5P!A6S5 !::+6SS5 6:-T-;=5 ;=T45 =;T6

inproceedings:!n article in a conference proceedings%& +equired fields> !*T4;+5 T-T#65 B;;T-T#65 G6!+

& ;ptional fields> 6:-T;+5 ';#*6=*B6+5 S6+-6S5 P!A6S5 !::+6SS5;=T45 ;+A!=-_!T-;=5 P*B#-S46+5 =;T6

) *mair +afique /97

+eference 6ntry Types cont%%


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manual:Technical documentation%

& +equired fields> T-T#6

& ;ptional fields> !*T4;+5 ;+A!=-_!T-;=5 !::+6SS5 6:-T-;=5;=T45 G6!+5 =;T6

mastersthesis:! asterJs Thesis

& +equired fields> !*T4;+5 T-T#65 SC4;;#5 G6!+

& ;ptional fields> TGP65 !::+6SS5 ;=T45 =;T6

misc:For use (hen nothing else fits%

& +equired fields> =;=6

& ;ptional fields> !*T4;+5 T-T#65 4;WP*B#-S46:5 ;=T45 G6!+5 =;T6

phdthesis:! Ph: Thesis%

& +equired fields> !*T4;+5 T-T#65 SC4;;#5 G6!+

& ;ptional fields> TGP65 !::+6SS5 ;=T45 =;T6

) *mair +afique /


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proceedings:The proceedings of a conference%

& +equired fields> T-T#65 G6!+

& ;ptional fields> 6:-T;+5 ';#*6=*B6+5 S6+-6S5 !::+6SS5;=T45 P*B#-S46+5 ;+A!=-_!T-;=5 =;T6

techreport:! report published by a school or other institution5usually numbered (ithin a series%

& +equired fields> !*T4;+5 T-T#65 -=ST-T*T-;=5 G6!+

& ;ptional fields> TGP65 =*B6+5 !::+6SS5 ;=T45 =;T6

unpublished:! document ha"ing an author and title5 but not

formally published%& +equired fields> !*T4;+5 T-T#65 =;T6

& ;ptional fields> ;=T45 G6!+

) *mair +afique /


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6xample %bib File

B-B[all%bib

) *mair +afique /


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#aTex :ocument?

-nclude the follo(ing command at the place (here you (ant your+eference section to appear

$"i"!iography??Ga!!

$"i"!iographysty!ea""rv

4ere QB-B[allR is the name of the %bib file (hile Qabbr"R is thebibliography style%

Cite a reference using the Kcite command%

Compile the #aTex document at least threetimes to get all thereferences right%

6xamples%

) *mair +afique /


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%bst File> +eference Styles

) *mair +afique /


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Specifies ho( references for a gi"en document are styled%

! large number of reference styles are a"ailable%

See bibstyles%pdf for the details of follo(ing styles%

) *mair +afique / plain


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) *mair +afique / abbr"


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) *mair +afique / alpha


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) *mair +afique /


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%bib style examples

) *mair +afique /


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Theorems *sing amsthm

Pacage

) *mair +afique /@8

Theorem


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With theorem (e can mean any ind of labelled part that (e (ant toloo separated from the rest of the text and (ith sequential numbersnext to it%

This approach is commonly used for theorems in mathematics5 butcan be used for anything%

& 6xamples

& :efinitions

KpacageNamsthmO

) *mair +afique /@/

Basic Theorems


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$ne;theoremname1rinte# output

The first argument is the name you (ill use to reference it5 thesecond argument is the output #aTeD (ill print (hene"er you use it%

Kne;theoremmy#efDefinition (ill define the mydef

en"ironment if you use it lie this$"eginmy#ef

Kere is a ne; #efinition

$en#my#ef

) *mair +afique /@,

Theorem =umbering


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;ften the counters are determined by section5 for exampleTheorem ,%9 refers to the 9rd theorem in the ,nd section of adocument% Can do so using the command%

$ne;theoremname1rinte# output%num"er"y'

numberby is the name of the section le"el .section5 subsection3% By default5 each theorem uses its o(n counter%

-t is also common for similar types of theorems .e%g% Theorems5#emmas and Corollaries3 to share a counter% This can be done as

$ne;theoremname%counter'1rinte# output

counter is the name of the counter to be used% *sually this (ill bethe name of the master theorem%

) *mair +afique /@9

Theorem =umbering


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Gou can also create a theorem en"ironment that is not numbered byusing the ne(theoremV command% For instance5

$ne;theorem


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$"eginproof

Kere is my proof

$en#proof

-f you (ould lie to manually name the proof5 include the name insquare bracets

$"eginproof%1roof of important theorem'

Kere is my important proof

$en#proof

Kqedhere command 6xamples

) *mair +afique /@@

Theorem Styles


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-t adds the possibility to change the output of the en"ironmentsdefined by Kne(theorem using the Ktheoremstyle command

$theoremsty!esty!ename

the argument is the style you (ant to use%

!ll subsequently defined theorems (ill use this style%& plain:*sed for theorems5 lemmas5 propositions5 etc% .default3

& definition:*sed for definitions and examples

& remark: *sed for remars and notes

6xample

) *mair +afique /@0


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Formatting your C'

6xample

) *mair +afique /@1


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6nd of Session puts the algorithm across the t(o columns%

procedure > lie algorithm en"ironment but>

& the caption no( (rites Procedure name%%%

& the syntax of the Kcaption command is restricted as follo(> you *ST puta name follo(ed by , braces lie this Q=ame.3R% Gou can put argumentsinside the braces and text after% -f no argument is gi"en5 the braces (illbe remo"ed in the title%

& label no( puts the name .the text before the braces in the caption3 of theprocedure or function as reference

procedureV > puts the procedure across the t(o columns function > lie procedure but (ith Function in the title%

functionV > puts the function across the t(o columns%

) *mair +afique /0 changes the name of en"ironment algorithm intoalgorithm,e and so allo(s to use the pacage (ith some $ournalstyle (hich already define an algorithm en"ironment% Changes alsothe command name for the list of algorithms5 it becomesKlistofalgorithmes

figure> algorithms are put in classical figures and so are numberedas figures and putted in the Klistoffigures%

algopart> algorithms are numbered (ithin part numbers%

algochapter> algorithms are numbered (ithin chapter numbers%

algosection> .default3 algorithms are numbered (ithin sectionnumbers%

boxed> to ha"e algorithms enclosed in a box%

) *mair +afique /0@

;ptions Cont%%


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boxruled> to ha"e algorithms enclosed in a box

ruled> to ha"e algorithms (ith a line at the top and the bottom% =otethat the caption is not centered under the algorithm anymore but isset at the beginning of the algorithm%

algoruled> as abo"e but (ith extra spaces after the rules% plain> the default5 (ith no feature%

lined> KSet#ine becomes the default

"lined> KSet'line becomes the default

noline> KSet=oline becomes the default

linesnumbered> lines of the algorithms are numbered except forcomments and inputoutput .(-nput and (-n;ut3% Gou mustuse KnllabelNlabelO to label thoses lines%

) *mair +afique /00

Set'#ine


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) *mair +afique /01

:ata5 +esult5 -nput and ;utput


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K(:ataNinputO

K(+esultNoutputO

K(-nNinputO

K(;utNoutputO

) *mair +afique /0E

Comments


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KtccNline.s3 of commentO .c style3

KtccVNright $ustified side commentO

KtccVLrMNright $ustified side commentO

KtccVLlMNleft $ustified side commentO

KtcpVNright $ustified side commentO .c`` style3

) *mair +afique /07

ifthenelse commands


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K-fNconditionONthen blocO

K-f.then comment3NconditionONthen blocO

Kl-fNconditionONthenJs line textO

K6lse-fNelseif blocO

Kl6lse-fNelseifJs line textO K6lseNelse blocO

Kl6lseNelseJs line textO

Ke-fNconditionONthen blocONelse blocO

) *mair +afique /18

#oops


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KForNconditionONtext loopO

KlForNconditionONline text loopO

KWhileNconditionONtext loopO

KlWhileNconditionONline text loopO

KFor6achNconditionONtext loopO KlFor6achNconditionONline text loopO

KFor!llNconditionONtext loopO

KlFor!llNconditionONline text loopO

K+epeatNend conditionONtext loopO

Kl+epeatNend conditionONline text loopO

) *mair +afique /1/

6xamples


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) *mair +afique /1,

6xamples cont%%


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) *mair +afique /19

6xamples cont%%


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) *mair +afique /1 #aTex (iiboo .Ch /0and /13

) *mair +afique /1E

Some Basics


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KusepacageNamsmathO

or

KusepacageNmathtoolsO

text text formulas are displayed inline5 that is5 (ithin the body of

text (here it is declared% e%g%5 - can say that a ` a X ,a (ithin thissentence%

& KbeginNmathO%%%KendNmathO or K.%%%K3 or U%%%U

displayed displayed formulas are separate from the main text%

& KbeginNdisplaymathO%%%KendNdisplaymathO

& KbeginNequationVO%%%KendNequationVO& KLKM

/17) *mair +afique

Spaces


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spaces ha"e no significance inside math mode

K5

K

K>

Kquad

) *mair +afique /E8

Symbols and Aree #etters


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KL

Kforall x Kin D5 Kquad Kexists y Kleq Kepsilon

KM

KL Kalpha5 K!lpha5 Kbeta5 KBeta5 Kgamma5 KAamma5

Kpi5 KPi5 Kphi5 K"arphi5 KPhi

KM

) *mair +afique /E/

;perators


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KL

Kcos .,Ktheta3 X Kcos, Ktheta Ksin, Ktheta

KM

KL

Klim[Nx Kto KinftyO Kexp.x3 X 8

KM

) *mair +afique /E,

Po(ers and -ndices


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KL

[Nn`/O X n, ` [n, [Nn/O

KM

KL f.n3 X n@ `


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KL

KfracNnON.n3O X KbinomNnONO

KM

KL KfracNKfracN/ONxO`KfracN/ONyOONyIO

KM

Kdfrac5 Ktfrac .for enforcing display or text style33

KL 9[1

KM

) *mair +afique /E UKbigl.KbeginNsmallmatrixO

aZbKK cZd

KendNsmallmatrixO Kbigr3U

to not increase leading in a portion of text%

) *mair +afique /7

Kquad

Kqquad

) *mair +afique /7E

dots


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Kdots Kldots

Kcdots

K"dots

Kddots

) *mair +afique /77

ath Symbols


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) *mair +afique ,88


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) *mair +afique ,8/


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) *mair +afique ,8,


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) *mair +afique ,89


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) *mair +afique ,8someequationO

@, @ X ,8

KendNequationO

this references the equation KrefNeq>someequationO%

) *mair +afique ,80


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=umbering Within Sections


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KdocumentclassL/,ptMNarticleO KusepacageNamsmathO

Knumber(ithinNequationONsubsectionO

KbeginNdocumentO

KsectionNFirst SectionO KsubsectionN! subsectionO

KbeginNequationO

#J X N#ONKsqrtN/KfracN",ONc,OOO

KendNequationO

KendNdocumentO

) *mair +afique ,8E

Subequations


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KbeginNsubequationsO ax(ellJs equations>

KbeginNalignO

BJZXKnabla Ktimes 65KK

6JZXKnabla Ktimes B


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KL ! Kxleftarro(NKtextNthis (ayOO B

Kxrightarro(LKtextNor that (ayOMNO C

KM

) *mair +afique ,/8

ore !rro(s


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KL a Kxleftrightarro(LunderMNo"erO bKK

! Kx#eftarro(LunderMNo"erO BKK

B Kx+ightarro(LunderMNo"erO CKK

C Kx#eftrightarro(LunderMNo"erO :KK

: Kxhooleftarro(LunderMNo"erO 6KK

6 Kxhoorightarro(LunderMNo"erO FKK

F KxmapstoLunderMNo"erO AKK

KM

) *mair +afique ,//

align and alignV


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The align and alignV en"ironments are used for arranging equations ofmultiple lines% !s (ith matrices and tables5 KK specifies a line brea5 andZ is used to indicate the point at (hich the lines should be aligned%

KbeginNalignVO

f.x3 ZX .x`a3.x`b3 KK

ZX x, ` .a`b3x ` ab KendNalignVO

KbeginNalignO

f.x3 ZX x< ` 1x9 ` ,x, Knonumber KK

ZKqquad NO ` /8x ` /,

KendNalignO

) *mair +afique ,/,

Braces Spanning multiple lines


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KbeginNalignO f.x3 ZX Kpi KleftKN x< ` 1x9 ` ,x, Kright%KnonumberKK

ZKqquad Kleft% NO ` /8x ` /, KrightKO

KendNalignO

) *mair +afique ,/9

cases and dcases


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KL u.x3 X

KbeginNcasesO

KexpNxO Z KtextNif O x Kgeq 8 KK

/ Z KtextNif O x \ 8

KendNcasesO

KM

KL

a X

KbeginNdcasesO

Kint xK5 dxKK

b,

KendNdcasesO

KM

) *mair +afique ,/

Basic Guidance About LaTeX

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