Basic Electronics Presentation v2

8/14/2019 Basic Electronics Presentation v2

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Basic Electronics

Things to be covered:

What is electricity

Voltage, Current, Resistance

Ohms Law

Capacitors, Inductors

Semiconductors

Mechanical Components

Digital Electronics


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What is Electricity

Everything is made of atoms

There are 118 elements, an atom is a single part of anelement

Atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutronsCli

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Electrons (- charge) are attracted to protons (+ charge), this holdsthe atom together

Some materials have strong attraction and refuse to losselectrons, these are called insulators (air, glass, rubber, mostplastics)

Some materials have weak attractions and allow electrons to belost, these are called conductors (copper, silver, gold, aluminum)

Electrons can bemade to move from one atom to another, this iscalled a current of electricity.

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Surplus of electrons is called anegative charge (-). A shortage ofelectrons is called a positivecharge (+).

A battery provides a surplus ofelectrons by chemical reaction.

By connecting a conductor fromthe positive terminal to negativeterminal electrons will flow.


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Voltage

A battery positive terminal (+) and a negative terminal (-). The difference in charge between

each terminal is the potential energy the battery can provide. This is labeled in units of volts.

Water Analogy



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Voltage Sources:



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Voltage is like differential pressure,always measure between two points.

Measure voltage between two pointsor across a component in a circuit.

When measuring DC voltage makesure polarity of meter is correct,

positive (+) red, negative (-) black.


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Ground



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Exercise

Measure DC voltage from power supply using multimeter

Measure DC voltage from power supply using oscilloscope

Measure DC voltage from battery using multimeter

Measure AC voltage from wall outlet using a multimeter

Measure AC voltage from wall outlet using an oscilloscope


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Effective or Root Mean Square Voltage(Measured with multimeter)

ERMS=0.707xEAE


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Current

Uniform flow of electrons thru a circuit is called current.


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WILL USE CONVENTIONAL FLOW NOTATION ONALL SCHEMATICS


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To measure current, must break circuit and install meter in line.

Measurement is imperfect because of voltage drop created by meter.


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Resistance

All materials have a resistance that is dependent on cross-sectional area, material type and temperature.

A resistor dissipates power in the form of heat



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Various resistors types


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When measuring resistance, removecomponent from the circuit.


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Resistor Color Code



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Determine the resistance of various resistorsof unknown value using the resistor color code

Using the multimeter, compare the specifiedresistance and measured resistance

Using the multimeter to examine thecharacteristics of various potentiometers

Exercise


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Ohms Law


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Prototyping Board

Example of how components areInserted in the protoboard


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Exercise

Calculate the total current and voltage drop across each resistor shown in Figure 1

Build the circuit in Figure 1 on the prototype board

Measure the total circuit current and voltage drops across each resistor and comparethe calculated and measured values



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Capacitance



Battery

Capacitor

Unit = Farad

Pico Farad - pF = 10-12F

Micro Farad - uF = 10-6F

A capacitor is used to store charge for a short amount of time


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Capacitor Charging



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Capacitor Discharge



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Inductance



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Third level


Basic Electronics Presentation v2

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