Basic Concept of Base Isolation System for Buildings 0 100 200 300 400 500-300 -200 -100 0 100 200...

1

Basic Concept of Base Isolation System for Buildings

Dr Taiki SAITOJapan Society of Seismic IsolationChief Research EngineerBuilding Research Institute JapanEmail tsaitokenkengojp

Contents

bull Introductionndash Basic Idea of BI system

bull Design procedure of BI buildingndash Response spectrum methodndash Time history analysisndash Ultimate capacity of isolators

bull International activity of JSSI

2

Basic Idea of BI system

bull Isolation from ground

By balloon By Magnetic force

Introduction

bull Seismic isolation

Rolling SlidingStopper Friction

3

Introduction

bull Restoring position

Sliding

Introduction

bull Restoring system

By spring By sliding on a curved plate

4

IntroductionGravity Force and Inertia Force

Resisting Force

kmT π2=

gLT π2=

(m mass k stiffness)Effective for heavy building

(L curvature g gravity acceleration)Effective for light building

Introduction

d0

time

Td0

ダンパー

With Damper

bull Damping system

Damper

5

Introduction

bull Requirement of BI devices

1 Isolating the building from the ground

2 Supporting the weight of building

3 Damping of response amplitude

4 Restoring the original position after an earthquake

ダンパー

Introduction

bull Isolators Rubber bearing Large axial deformation

Weight of building

Rocking

Rubber Block

Stiff

Rubber

Earthquake Load

Soft

Steel

Laminated Rubber

Weight of building

6

-500-400-300-200-100

0100200300400500

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

High damping rubber

Reinforcing steel plate

Cover rubber

Flange plate

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

-2

-1

0

1

2

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Shea

r stre

ss (

Nm

m2 )

-800-600-400-200

0200400600800

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

Natural Rubber Bearing(NRB)

High-damping Rubber Bearing (HRB)

Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB)

Introduction

bull Isolators

Sliding bearing or Roller bearing

Linear Rail

Linear Block Rubber Shim

Flange Plate

Sliding bearing

Curved plane sliding bearing

-50-40-30-20-10

01020304050

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-200-150-100

-500

50100150200

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-600 -300 0 300 600

-12

-6

0

6

12

変位（ mm ）

CLB2000F (P =19 6MN)

PP =0 98

Rail roller bearing

7

Introduction

bull Dampers

ダンパー

Cast Lead

Steel Flange Plate

Steel Damper Rod

Steel Flange Plate

Stud

F = 1150 (kNsm) V 038

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 (cm)

(kN)800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

-800

Lead damper

Viscous damper

Steel damper

Introduction

bull Response of BI building

STERA 3D

8

Introduction

bull Response of BI system

Y

X

Upper structure(rigid mass)

Base Isolation level(spring)

Introduction


Y

X

- m(X+Y)

Q=keX

c X

Vibration model Equilibrium of forces

M Xrdquo + CXrsquo + Ke X = - MYrdquo

Numerical integration

Xrdquo + 2hωXrsquo + ω2 X = - Yrdquo

ω = radic(2πT) = radic(KeM)

T natural periodh damping factor

Yrsquorsquo Xrsquo

X

Xrsquorsquo

Equation of motion

9

Introduction

bull Effect of natural period Yrsquorsquo JMA-Kobe NS componenth = 005

T longerDisplacement larger

T longerAcceleration smaller

X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction

bull Response spectrum

Time history of accelerationResponse spectrum of acceleration for

JMA Kobe-NS wave h=005

Response of SDOF system with natural period of T amp viscous damping of h

X

Y


10

Introduction

bull Effect of damping JMA Kobe-NS wave

Acceleration response spectrum Displacement response spectrum

IntroductionReduction of applied lateral forces to super

structure

Increase of displacement response of isolated story

11

Contents

bull Introductionndash Idea of BI system



Design procedure of BI building

bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building

1995 The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster

2000 Revision of Building Standard Law

12


bull Building Standard Law Japan

Heightgt60m

NO

YES

Reviewed by local government official Reviewed by special committee

Response Spectrum Method Time History Analysis

Need for Structural Calculation

YES

NO

Specification code

1 or 2 story wooden house1 story S or RC building


bull Response Spectrum Method

Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec

Design earthquake is defined as the response spectrum at the bedrock level

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s

Soft soilMedium soil

Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13



Upper structure(elastic range)

Base Isolation level(inelastic range)

Force

Drift

Building is modeled by SDOF nonlinear hysteresis system





Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he

Ke equivalent stiffnesshe equivalent damping

Responses are obtained by equivalent linearization

Nonlinear system Equivalent linear system0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te

Acceleration response

Displacement response

cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14


bull Time History Analysis

-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s

Artificial earthquake compatible with design spectrum

Three different phase models

-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s

Historical earthquake scaled to have the max velocity 50cms

El Centro1940NSTaft 1952EWHachinohe1968EW etc

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s

Site specific artificial earthquake

Wave generation from the nearest Fault etc

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

Earthquake response is obtained by time history analysis (numerical integration method) using design earthquake ground motions


bull Time History AnalysisBuilding is modeled by MDOF nonlinear hysteresis system

Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL

Isolator Isolator Isolator

RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800

Responses are obtained by numerical integration method

15


bull Confirmation of ultimate limit state

Example LRB

Diameter 800mmRubber sheet 51mmNumber of sheets 33Rubber height 168mm

Design criteria 21Nmm2

Design criteria 240times168 = 403mm =

Compression stress (Nmm2)

Shear strain ()

a Allowable deformation of isolation deviceb Compressive and tensile load of isolatorc Isolation gap (horizontal and vertical)

Isolation gap


bull Ultimate capacity of isolators

Ultimate Shear Test

(from Prof Nishi Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan)

Ultimate Compression Test

16


bull Architectural planningIsolators must support superstructure without losing supporting capacity of vertical loads subjected to fires expected to happen in or in the vicinity of isolation interfacePiping and wiring must have flexible joints and slacks between superstructure and substructure so as to follow the displacement at isolation interface during earthquakes It must be planned that entrances connecting bridges stairs elevators and etc do not pound to other facilities or injure humansInformation panels which show that the building is seismically isolated and deforms largely during earthquakes must be set up on noticeable place in the building


bull Maintenance

Large relative displacement at isolation interface occurs during strong earthquake Thus obstacles in or in the vicinity of isolation interface spoil efficient seismic performancesSome isolation devices deteriorate by aging Aged deteriorations must be considered by heat accelerated tests and others at design stageRubber bearings creep subjected to long term loads Unexpected creeps and external damages must be found out by regular examinationsBreaks water leakage and others may happen when piping and wiring have insufficient deformation capacities

Designer must draw up maintenance plans and inform owners managers and others so that seismic isolation keep demanded performance during the buildingrsquos lifetime

17

Contents


bull Design procedure of BI buildingndash Response spectrum methodndash Time history analysisndash Ultimate capacity of isolators etc


International Activity of JSSI

bull CIBW114As one of the working commissions in CIB (International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction) W114 Earthquake Engineering and Buildings has been established since November 2006

Headquarter JSSICoordinator Taiki SAITO

httpwwwcibw114net

18


bull CIBW114The first CIBW114 meeting International Workshop on Response Control and Seismic Isolation of Buildings was held in Guangzhou China on 27 November 2006


bull CIBTG44 book Contents

1 Introduction2 Devices for Seismic Isolation

and Response Control3 A Comparative Study of

Seismic Isolation Code Worldwide

4 Observed Response of Seismically Isolated Buildings

5 World Report51 China52 Italy53 Japan54 Korea55 New Zealand56 Taiwan57 The United of America

6 Conclusions

published in November 2006

19

China from Dr Zhou Fulin adn Dr Wen Liuhan

Around 600 base isolation buildings have been constructed The one was constructed in 1991

35 base isolation buildings are constructed on the two-story reinforced concrete platform of subway station in Beijing China

Base isolators at the large span structure of the Shanghai F1 circuit

Miniature building models for shaking table test

Italy from Mauro Dolce Massimo Forni and Alessandro Martelli

60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20

Currently there are only two seismically isolated buildings in Korea with a third to be built soon

The Unison Research and Development Center buildingconstructed in 1997 was the first seismically-isolated building

Korea from Dong Guen Lee

The second was Traum Hous III a 12-story apartment building in Seoul


21

The first seismically isolated structure in New Zealand was the Motu Bridge in the North Island completed in 1974

New Zealand from John X Zhao

The isolation mechanism is provided by stepping action of each of the two feet of the piers Steel dampers are used for energy dissipation

Rocking Seismic Isolation System

Construction of the first seismically-isolated building in the USA was completed in 1985 and by mid-2005 there were approximately 80 seismically-isolated buildings in the USA

USA from Ian Aiken and Andrew Whitaker

The first building in the USA is the Foothill Communities Law amp Justice Center in Rancho Cucamonga California was completed in 1985with 98 high-damping rubber bearings located below the basement level

22


The second building application in the USA was the City and County Building in Salt Lake City Utah completed in 1989 with 208 lead-rubber and 239 natural rubber bearings

This project was the first in the world to use isolation for retrofit completed in 1989

The USC University Hospital in Los Angeles completed in 1991 was the first hospital in the world to use seismic isolation with 68 lead-rubber isolators and 81 natural-rubber isolators


Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation

The 1994 Northridge earthquake

23

Macedonia from Garevski A Mihai and James M Kelly

Primary School Pestalozzi in Skopje the first structure in the world base isolated by means of rubber bearings constructed in 1969

Thank you for your attention

2

Basic Idea of BI system

bull Isolation from ground

By balloon By Magnetic force

Introduction

bull Seismic isolation

Rolling SlidingStopper Friction

3

Introduction


Sliding

Introduction



4


Resisting Force

kmT π2=

gLT π2=



Introduction

d0

time

Td0

ダンパー

With Damper

bull Damping system

Damper

5

Introduction






ダンパー

Introduction


Weight of building

Rocking

Rubber Block

Stiff

Rubber

Earthquake Load

Soft

Steel

Laminated Rubber

Weight of building

6

-500-400-300-200-100

0100200300400500

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

-2

-1

0

1

2

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Shea

r stre

ss (

Nm

m2 )

-800-600-400-200

0200400600800

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)




Introduction

bull Isolators


Linear Rail


Flange Plate

Sliding bearing


-50-40-30-20-10

01020304050

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-200-150-100

-500

50100150200

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-600 -300 0 300 600

-12

-6

0

6

12

変位（ mm ）

CLB2000F (P =19 6MN)

PP =0 98

Rail roller bearing

7

Introduction

bull Dampers

ダンパー

Cast Lead

Steel Flange Plate

Steel Damper Rod

Steel Flange Plate

Stud

F = 1150 (kNsm) V 038

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 (cm)

(kN)800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

-800

Lead damper

Viscous damper

Steel damper

Introduction


STERA 3D

8

Introduction


Y

X



Introduction


Y

X

- m(X+Y)

Q=keX

c X







Yrsquorsquo Xrsquo

X

Xrsquorsquo

Equation of motion

9

Introduction




X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction





X

Y


10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




3

Introduction


Sliding

Introduction



4


Resisting Force

kmT π2=

gLT π2=



Introduction

d0

time

Td0

ダンパー

With Damper

bull Damping system

Damper

5

Introduction






ダンパー

Introduction


Weight of building

Rocking

Rubber Block

Stiff

Rubber

Earthquake Load

Soft

Steel

Laminated Rubber

Weight of building

6

-500-400-300-200-100

0100200300400500

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

-2

-1

0

1

2

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Shea

r stre

ss (

Nm

m2 )

-800-600-400-200

0200400600800

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)




Introduction

bull Isolators


Linear Rail


Flange Plate

Sliding bearing


-50-40-30-20-10

01020304050

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-200-150-100

-500

50100150200

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-600 -300 0 300 600

-12

-6

0

6

12

変位（ mm ）

CLB2000F (P =19 6MN)

PP =0 98

Rail roller bearing

7

Introduction

bull Dampers

ダンパー

Cast Lead

Steel Flange Plate

Steel Damper Rod

Steel Flange Plate

Stud

F = 1150 (kNsm) V 038

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 (cm)

(kN)800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

-800

Lead damper

Viscous damper

Steel damper

Introduction


STERA 3D

8

Introduction


Y

X



Introduction


Y

X

- m(X+Y)

Q=keX

c X







Yrsquorsquo Xrsquo

X

Xrsquorsquo

Equation of motion

9

Introduction




X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction





X

Y


10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




4


Resisting Force

kmT π2=

gLT π2=



Introduction

d0

time

Td0

ダンパー

With Damper

bull Damping system

Damper

5

Introduction






ダンパー

Introduction


Weight of building

Rocking

Rubber Block

Stiff

Rubber

Earthquake Load

Soft

Steel

Laminated Rubber

Weight of building

6

-500-400-300-200-100

0100200300400500

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

-2

-1

0

1

2

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Shea

r stre

ss (

Nm

m2 )

-800-600-400-200

0200400600800

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)




Introduction

bull Isolators


Linear Rail


Flange Plate

Sliding bearing


-50-40-30-20-10

01020304050

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-200-150-100

-500

50100150200

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-600 -300 0 300 600

-12

-6

0

6

12

変位（ mm ）

CLB2000F (P =19 6MN)

PP =0 98

Rail roller bearing

7

Introduction

bull Dampers

ダンパー

Cast Lead

Steel Flange Plate

Steel Damper Rod

Steel Flange Plate

Stud

F = 1150 (kNsm) V 038

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 (cm)

(kN)800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

-800

Lead damper

Viscous damper

Steel damper

Introduction


STERA 3D

8

Introduction


Y

X



Introduction


Y

X

- m(X+Y)

Q=keX

c X







Yrsquorsquo Xrsquo

X

Xrsquorsquo

Equation of motion

9

Introduction




X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction





X

Y


10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




5

Introduction






ダンパー

Introduction


Weight of building

Rocking

Rubber Block

Stiff

Rubber

Earthquake Load

Soft

Steel

Laminated Rubber

Weight of building

6

-500-400-300-200-100

0100200300400500

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

-2

-1

0

1

2

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Shea

r stre

ss (

Nm

m2 )

-800-600-400-200

0200400600800

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)




Introduction

bull Isolators


Linear Rail


Flange Plate

Sliding bearing


-50-40-30-20-10

01020304050

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-200-150-100

-500

50100150200

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-600 -300 0 300 600

-12

-6

0

6

12

変位（ mm ）

CLB2000F (P =19 6MN)

PP =0 98

Rail roller bearing

7

Introduction

bull Dampers

ダンパー

Cast Lead

Steel Flange Plate

Steel Damper Rod

Steel Flange Plate

Stud

F = 1150 (kNsm) V 038

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 (cm)

(kN)800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

-800

Lead damper

Viscous damper

Steel damper

Introduction


STERA 3D

8

Introduction


Y

X



Introduction


Y

X

- m(X+Y)

Q=keX

c X







Yrsquorsquo Xrsquo

X

Xrsquorsquo

Equation of motion

9

Introduction




X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction





X

Y


10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




6

-500-400-300-200-100

0100200300400500

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

High damping rubber


Cover rubber

Flange plate

-2

-1

0

1

2

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Shea

r stre

ss (

Nm

m2 )

-800-600-400-200

0200400600800

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)




Introduction

bull Isolators


Linear Rail


Flange Plate

Sliding bearing


-50-40-30-20-10

01020304050

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-200-150-100

-500

50100150200

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

Displacement (mm)

Forc

e (k

N)

-600 -300 0 300 600

-12

-6

0

6

12

変位（ mm ）

CLB2000F (P =19 6MN)

PP =0 98

Rail roller bearing

7

Introduction

bull Dampers

ダンパー

Cast Lead

Steel Flange Plate

Steel Damper Rod

Steel Flange Plate

Stud

F = 1150 (kNsm) V 038

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 (cm)

(kN)800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

-800

Lead damper

Viscous damper

Steel damper

Introduction


STERA 3D

8

Introduction


Y

X



Introduction


Y

X

- m(X+Y)

Q=keX

c X







Yrsquorsquo Xrsquo

X

Xrsquorsquo

Equation of motion

9

Introduction




X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction





X

Y


10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




7

Introduction

bull Dampers

ダンパー

Cast Lead

Steel Flange Plate

Steel Damper Rod

Steel Flange Plate

Stud

F = 1150 (kNsm) V 038

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 (cm)

(kN)800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

-800

Lead damper

Viscous damper

Steel damper

Introduction


STERA 3D

8

Introduction


Y

X



Introduction


Y

X

- m(X+Y)

Q=keX

c X







Yrsquorsquo Xrsquo

X

Xrsquorsquo

Equation of motion

9

Introduction




X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction





X

Y


10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




8

Introduction


Y

X



Introduction


Y

X

- m(X+Y)

Q=keX

c X







Yrsquorsquo Xrsquo

X

Xrsquorsquo

Equation of motion

9

Introduction




X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction





X

Y


10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




9

Introduction




X

Xrsquorsquo

Introduction





X

Y


10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




10

Introduction




structure


11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




11

Contents





bull Statistics

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of buildings

Private house

Apartment building



12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




12



Heightgt60m

NO

YES




YES

NO

Specification code




Engineering Bedrock

Vs gt 400 cmsec


0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

cms2

s


Hard soil

Soil amplification

Bedrock

5 damping

13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




13





Force

Drift






Force

Drift

Force

Drift

Ke

he




500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

he

he

h=005

h=005

Te

Te



cms2

cm

s

s

Response evaluation

14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




14



-400

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-600-400-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

cms2

s



0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping

0

500

1000

1500

0 1 2 3 4 5

cms2

s

Bedrock

5 damping




Sway Rocking

RFL

10FL

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

Living Kitchen 10F

9FL

8FL

7FL

6FL

5FL

4FL

3FL

2FL

1FL


RFL

6800 6000 2700 15500 960 950

Y1 Y2 Y3

307

929

99

355

0 2

860

286

0

GL

600

600

800


15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




15



Example LRB





Shear strain ()


Isolation gap



Ultimate Shear Test



16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




16




bull Maintenance



17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




17

Contents







httpwwwcibw114net

18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




18










6 Conclusions


19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




19







60

50

40

30

20

10

01981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




20






21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




21








22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




22






Roof

6th

4th

Lower Foundation


23




23




Basic Concept of Base Isolation System for Buildings 0 100 200 300 400 500-300 -200 -100 0 100 200...

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Transcript of Basic Concept of Base Isolation System for Buildings 0 100 200 300 400 500-300 -200 -100 0 100 200...