Basic Computer Notes

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BASIC COMPUTER COURSE (BCC)

(Study Material)

repared by

DOEACC SOCIETYKOLKATA CENTRE

Jadavpur University Campus

Kolkata 700032

(OCTOBER 2010)


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DOEACC SOCIETY KOLKATA CENTRE Page 2 of 156

OUTLINE SYLLABUS

Duration (in Hrs.)Sl

No. Topic Theory Tutorials Practical

01. Knowing Computer 01 01 01

02.Operating Computer using GUI based Operating

System02 00 04

03. Understanding Word Processing 02 01 06

04. Using Spreadsheet 01 01 04

05. Communicating using the Internet 01 00 02

06. WWW and Web Browsers 01 00 02

07. Communications and Collaboration 01 00 02

08. Making Small Presentation 01 01 01

Total: 10 04 22


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DETAILED SYLLABUS

INDEX

Chapter Topic Page #

KNOWING COMPUTER 8

1.0 Introduction 9

1.1 Objectives 9

1.2 What is Computer? 9

1.2.1 Basic Applications of Computer 10

Components of Computer System 10

1.3.1 Central Processing Unit 11

1.3.2 Keyboard, Mouse and VDU 11

1.3.3 Other Input Devices 12

1.3.4 Other Output Devices 13

1.3

1.3.5 Computer Memory 14

Concept of Hardware and Software 15

1.4.1 Hardware 15

1.4.2 Software 15

1.4.2.1 Application Software 16

1.4

1.4.2.2 Systems Software 16

1.5 Concept of Computing, Data and Information 17-18

Applications of IECT 19

1.6.1 e-Governance 19

1.6

1.6.2 Entertainment 20

Bringing Computer to life 21

1.7.1 Connecting Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor and Printer to CPU 21-25

1.7

1.7.2 Checking Power Supply 26

1.8 Summary 26-27

1.

1.9 Model Answers 27-28

OPERATING COMPUTER USING GUI BASED OPERATING SYSTEM 29

2.0 Introduction 29

2.1 Objectives 29

Basics of Operating System 29

2.2.1 Operating System 30

2.2

2.2.2 Basics of Popular Operating System (LINUX, WINDOWS) 30

The User Interface 31

2.

2.3

2.3.1 Task bar 31-35


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2.3.2 Icons 35

2.3.3 Menu 36

2.3.4 Running an application 37

Operating System 372.4.1 Changing System Date and Time 37

2.4.2 Changing Display Properties 37-42

2.4.3 To Add or Remove A Windows Component 42-44

2.4.4 Changing Mouse Properties 44

2.4

2.4.5 Adding and Removing Printers 45

File and Directory Management 452.5

2.5.1 Creating and Renaming of Files and Directories 46-47

2.6 Common Utilities 47

2.7 Summary 482.8 Model Answers 48-49

UNDERSTANDING WORD PROCESSING 50

3.0 Introduction 51

3.1 Objectives 51

Word Processing Basics 51

3.2.1 Opening Word Processing Package 51-52

3.2.2 Menu Bar 52-57

3.2.3 Using the Help 57

3.2

3.2.4 Using the Icons below Menu Bar 57-58Opening and Closing Documents 58

3.3.1 Opening Documents 58

3.3.2 Save and Save as 58

3.3.3 Page Setup 59-60

3.3.4 Print Preview 60-61

3.3

3.3.5 Printing of Documents 61-62

Text Creation and Manipulation 62

3.4.1 Document Creation 62

3.4.2 Editing Text 62-633.4.3 Text Selection 63

3.4.4 Cut, Copy and Paste 63-65

3.4.5 Spell Check 65

3.4

3.4.6 Thesaurus 66

3.

3.5 Formatting of Text 66


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3.5.1 Font and Size Selection 66-67

3.5.2 Alignment of Text 67-68

3.5.3 Paragraph Indenting 68-70

3.5.4 Bullets and Numbering 70-723.5.5 Changing Case 72

Table Manipulation 73

3.6.1 Draw Table 73-74

3.6.2 Changing Cell width and Height 74

3.6.3 Alignment of Text in Cell 74

3.6.4 Delete / Insertion of row and column 74-75

3.6

3.6.5 Border and Shading 75-77

Summary 77-78

Model Question & Answers 78-80USING SPREADSHEET 81

4.0 Introduction 82

4.1 Objectives 82

Elements of Electronic Spreadsheet 82

4.2.1 Opening of Spreadsheet 83

4.2.2 Addressing of Cells 83

4.2.3 Printing of Spreadsheet 84

4.2

4.2.4 Saving Workbooks 84

Manipulation of Cells 854.3.1 Entering Text, Numbers and Dates 85

4.3.2 Creating Text, Number and Date Series 85-86

4.3.3 Editing Worksheet Data 86

4.3.4 Inserting and Deleting Rows, Columns 86-87

4.3

4.3.5 Changing Cell Height and Width 88

Formulas and Function 884.4

4.4.1 Using Formulas 88-89

4.4.2 Function 89-91

4.5 Summary 92

4.

4.6 Model Answers 92

COMMUNICATION USING THE INTERNET 93

5.0 Introduction 94

5.1 Objectives 94

5.

5.2 Basic of Computer Networks 94


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5.2.1 Local Area Network (LAN) 94-95

5.2.2 Wide Area Network (WAN) 95

Internet 95

5.3.1 Concept of Internet 95-965.3.2 Applications of Internet 97-98

5.3.3 Connecting to the Internet 98-99

5.3

5.3.4 Troubleshooting 99-100

5.4 Summary 100


WWW AND WEB BROWSER 103

6.0 Introduction 104

6.1 Objectives 104

6.2 World Wide Web (WWW) 104-108Web Browsing Softwares 1086.3

6.3.1 Popular Web Browsing Softwares 109

Search Engines 109

6.4.1 Popular Search Engines / Search for content 110-114

6.4.2 Accessing Web Browser 114

6.4.3 Using Favorites Folder 114-115

6.4.4 Downloading Web Pages 115

6.4

6.4.5 Printing Web Pages 115-116

6.5 Understanding URL 116-117Surfing the Web 1186.6

6.6.1 Using e-Governance Website 118

6.7 Summary 119

6.


COMMUNICATIONS AND COLLABORATION 121


7.1 Objectives 122

Basics of E-mail 122

7.2.1 What is an Electronic Mail 122-123

7.2

7.2.2 E-mail Addressing 124

Using E-mails 125

7.3.1 Opening E-mail Account 125126

7.3.2 Mailbox: Inbox and Outbox 127

7.

7.3

7.3.3 Creating and Sending a new E-mail 127


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7.3.4 Replying to an E-mail message 127

7.3.5 Forwarding and E-mail message 127

7.3.6 Sorting and Searching E-mails 128

7.4 Document Collaboration 128-129Instant Messaging and Collaboration 129

7.5.1 Using instant messaging 129

7.5

7.5.2 Instant messaging providers 129

7.5.3 Netiquettes 129

7.6 Summary 130


MAKING SMALL PRESENTATIONS 133


8.1 Objectives 134Basics 134

8.2.1 Using PowerPoint 134

8.2.2 Opening a PowerPoint Presentation 135

8.2

8.2.3 Saving a Presentation 135

Creating a Presentation 136

8.3.1 Creating a Presentation using a Template 136-137

8.3.2 Creating a Blank Presentation 137

8.3.3 Entering and Editing Text 137-140

8.3

8.3.4 Inserting and Deleting Slides in a Presentation 140-141Preparation of Slides 141

8.4.1 Inserting Word Table or an Excel Worksheet 141-142

8.4.2 Adding Clip Art Pictures 142-145

8.4.3 Inserting Other Objects 145

8.4

8.4.4 Resizing Other Objects 145-147

Presentation of Slides 148

8.5.1 Viewing a Presentation 148

8.5.2 Choosing a Set up for Presentation 149-150

8.5

8.5.3 Printing Slides and Handouts 150-151Slide Show 151

8.6.1 Running a Slide Show 151-152

8.6.2 Transition and Slide Timings 152-154

8.6

8.6.3 Automating a Slide Show 154

8.7 Summary 154-155

8.

8.8 Model Answers 156


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CHAPTER 1: KNOWING COMPUTER


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Chapter 1: Knowing Computer

1.0 Introduction

Welcome to the wonderful world of computing! This help file presumes that you have little orno experience with the device commonly known as the PC (personal computer). Hopefully,

this resource will aid you in some of the basic activities that are commonly performed with a

PC.

This tutorial is divided into the following sections:

1. Objectives

2. What is Computer?

3. Components of Computer System

4. Concept of Hardware and Software

5. Concept of computing, data and information6. Applications of IECT

7. Bringing computer to life

1.1

Objectives

This basic computer tutorial is written for those who do not know very much about

computers. The purpose of this basic computer tutorial is to help the reader better

understand how to use their computer more effectively and safely. It will help the

reader understand:

Why do we need computer in our daily life?

Components of a computer What are the differences between hardware and software

How can we use computer to develop e-governance

After the chapter we shall discuss about some model questions and answers.

1.2 What is Computer?


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A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates

data or information, and provides output in a useful format.

Computers are not very intelligent devices, but they handle instructions flawlessly

and fast. They must follow explicit directions from both the user and computer

programmer. Computers are really nothing more than a very powerful calculator

with some great accessories. Applications like word processing and games are just avery complex math problem.

1.2.1 Basic Applications of Computer

Computer is used every where in the world in every field of life. There are

many applications of computer for example

Computer can perform any kind of calculations in no time; where as a human

being would take months and years to do the same calculations. Now a day's

computer is used in almost every day application of life E.g. in

Banking: -Before when there was no computer, every where manual systemwas followed which was a very complicated and hard work but now with the

coming of computer every thing is in a very systematic way. Every bank is

now using a computerized system because it is very fast and user friendly.

ATM cards are used every where now which let us bank any time we want.

PC banking (Personal Computer banking) let us view our bank balance,

request transfers between accounts and pay bills electronically etc.

Traffic light control: - In traffic light control the computer is being

employed to drive the traffic light. There are some programmed codes like "

turn off the red light" or "turn on the red light" to control the traffic light and

to carry out the instructions that follows.

Sports: -In sports computers are used wildly in conjunction with video

cameras. These are used to record the motion of all the sports men. 3D

programs are used later on to help the trainers see there movements and

could improve there styles of playing.

Schools and Colleges: - There are many uses of computer in schools and

collages e.g. every student details need to be stored so a computer program

could help in this way. Multimedia, animations, graphics and charts could be

used to teach the students and many boring topics can be made interesting

using multimedia. Students could access internet for online help and courses

for more information.

1.3 Components of Computer System

Just like the Human body, the computer is made up of different components, all of

which are very important for the overall effective functioning of its system. The most

basic collection includes a Computer CPU, a Monitor, a Keyboard, and a Mouse.


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1.3.1

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The computer's CPU is actually a small electronic

device inside the case but the term is often used to

refer to the whole collection of electronics inside the

box. It is also known as the brain of your computer.

Without the CPU, you wouldnt be able to play games,type research papers, or surf the Internet. Your

computer would basically be a very expensive

paperweight. A CPU is an internal component of the

computer. You cant see it from the outside of the system;

youd have to peek inside.

1.3.2

Keyboard, mouse and VDU

The Keyboard

The Keyboard is the primary input device used to communicate with the

computer. A computer keyboard closely resembles a conventional typewriterkeyboard with the addition of numerous keys that are used specifically for

computing functions.

The Mouse

Named for the resemblance of the wire coming out of it and a mouse's tail,

the mouse was introduced to computing in the early 1980's when Macintosh

created its graphical user interface (GUI). The mouse is another input device

used to point at objects on the computer monitor and select them. Using the

mouse and keyboard in combination allows the computer user substantial

latitude in how to accomplish a wide variety of tasks.

VDU (Visual Display Unit) or Monitor

This Visual Display Unit (VDU) shows information on the screen when you

type. This is called outputting information. The Computer Monitor is the

computer user's window into the workings of the computer. It consists of a

television picture tube that had been modified to accept the type of video

signal created by the computer's electronics. Conventional televisions can be

used as computer monitors if a translation device is used to connect them.

Keyboard

Mouse

VDU
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1.3.3

Other input devices

Any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input

devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to

interact with it, much like a TV. Keyboard and mouse are the two main input

devices of a computer system.

Other than these two below is a full listing of all the different types of

computer input devices found on a computer.

Barcode readers

A barcode reader, also known as a point of sale (POS) scanner is a hardware

device capable of reading a barcode and printing out the details of the

product or logging that product into a database. A perfect example of a

barcode reader is a super market barcode scanner that reads and logs the

price of a product.

Digital Camera

A camerathat stores the picturesor videoit takes in

electronic format instead of to film.

Joystick

A joystick allows an individual to easily move an

objectin a gamesuch as navigating a plane in a flightsimulator.

Barcod

Barcode reader
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Optical scanner

Hardware input device that allows a user to take an

image or text and convert it into a digital file,

allowing the computer to read or display the scanned

object.

1.3.4 Other Hardware Devices

Printer - A printer prints whatever is on the monitor

onto paper. Printers can print words, numbers, or

pictures.

Speaker - A speaker gives you sound output from

your computer. Some speakers are built into the

computer and some are separate.

Floppy Disk - A floppy disk is used to record

information on. The information is stored on the

floppy disk and can be used later or used on another

computer.

Headphones - Headphones give sound output from

the computer. They are similar to speakers, except

they are worn on the ears so only one person can hear

the output at a time.

Compact Disk- Some compact disks can be used to

put information on. This is called burning

information to a CD.

NOTE: A CD can also be an input device.

1.3.5

Computer Memory

Just like humans, computers rely a lot on memory. They need to process and

store data, just like we do. However, computers store data in digitalformat,
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which means the information can always be called up exactly the way it was

stored. Also, unlike our memory, the computer's memory doesn't get worse

over time.

There are different types of memory in a computer that are assigned a task of

storing several kinds of data. Each has certain peculiarities and capacities.

Basic Computer Memory Types Explained

Random Access Memory

When your computer boots up, it loads the operating system into its random

access memory, or RAM. This allows your computer to access system

functions, such as handling mouse clicks and keystrokes, since the event

handlers are all loaded into RAM. Whenever you open a program, the

interface and functions used by that program are also loaded into RAM.

Read Only Memory (ROM):

This type of memory is active, regardless of whether the system is turned on

or is switched off. It is a kind of permanent non-volatile storage memory. As

the name 'read only' suggests, the contents in it cannot be changed or

modified. It is an integrated circuit which is pre-programmed with important

data that should necessarily be present for the computer to carry out its

normal functionalities.

Cache

Cache is a kind of RAM which a computer system can access more

responsively than it can in regular RAM. The central processing unit looks up

in the cache memory before searching in the central memory storage area to

determine the information it requires. This rules out the need for the systemto search for information in larger and bigger memory storage areas, which in

turn leads to a faster extraction of data.

Computer Hard Drive

These devices are important data storage components that are installed in

the CPU. Their memory ranges widely, and a user may choose the memory

depending on the data needed to be stored and accessed. Nowadays, hard

drives having a memory capacity of 120 gigabytes to 500 gigabytes are

normally used.

Flash Memory

This is a non-volatile kind of memory which is intended to contribute to

portable storage and a convenient transfer of data from one computer to

another. The data in it can be erased and re-programmed as per the user's

requirements. It only has a specific number of erase and write cycles that it

can withstand, after which it creates a tendency to lose out on the stored

information. Memory cards and USB flash drives are some modes of this type

of memory storage.


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These are just the common and main computer memory types which facilitate memory anddata storage. However, there are many subtypes which are sorted out according to the memory-

related functionalities they perform and the requirements they serve.

1.4 Concept of Hardware and Software

1.4.1 Hardware

Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related

devices. Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and

RAM. External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers,

and scanners.

The internal hardware parts of a computer are often referred to as

components, while external hardware devices are usually called peripherals.

Together, they all fall under the category of computer hardware.

A typical computer (Personal Computer, PC) contains in a desktop or towercase the following parts:

Motherboard which holds the CPU, main memory and other parts, and

has slots for expansion cards

power supply - a case that holds a transformer, voltage control and fan

storage controllers, of IDE, SCSI or other type, that control hard disk ,

floppy disk, CD-ROM and other drives; the controllers sit directly on the

motherboard (on-board) or on expansion cards

graphics controller that produces the output for the monitor

the hard disk, floppy disk and other drives for mass storage

interface controllers (parallel, serial, USB, Firewire) to connect the

computer to external peripheral devices such as printers or scanners

1.4.2 Software

The software is the information that the computer uses to get the job done.

Software needs to be accessed before it can be used. There are many terms

used for process of accessing software including running, executing, starting

up, opening, and others.

Computer programs allow users to complete tasks. A program can also be

referred to as an application and the two words are used interchangeably.

Examples of software programs or applications would be the OperatingSystem (DOS, Windows 9x/Millenium/XP, O/S2, UNIX, MacOS 9.x/10.x and

various others), Word processor (typing letters), Spreadsheet (financial info),

Database (inventory control and address book), Graphics program, Internet

Browser, Email and many others.

As well any document that you create, graphic you design, sound you

compose, file you make, letter you write, email you send or anything that you
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create on your computer is referred to as software. All software is stored in

files.

Software is stored on a disk or tape whether that disk is a floppy, hard Disk,

CD, tape or one of the dozens of other storage devices available.

Software can be divided into two general classes: systems software andapplications software.

1.4.2.1 Application Software

The term application is a shorter form of application program.

An application program is a program designed to perform a

specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for

another application program. Applications software (also

called end-userprograms) includes database programs, word

processors, and spreadsheets. Figuratively speaking,

applications software sits on top of systems software because

it is unable to run without the operating system and system

utilities.

1.4.2.2 System Software

System software is computer softwaredesigned to operate the

computer hardware and to provide and maintain a platform

for running application software.
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The most basic types of system software are:

The computer BIOSand device firmware, which provide

basic functionality to operate and control the hardware

connected to or built into the computer.

The operating system (prominent examples being

Microsoft Windows, Mac OS Xand Linux), which allowsthe parts of a computer to work together by performing

tasks like transferring databetween memoryand disksor

rendering output onto a display device. It also provides a

platform to run high-level system software and

application software.

Utility software, which helps to analyze, configure,

optimize and maintain the computer.

In some publications, the term system software is also

used to designate software development tools (like a

compiler, linkeror debugger)

Computer for - instead, it can be seen as the basics of a

computer which come built-in or pre-installed.

1.5 Concept of computing, data and Information

Concept of computing

Welcome to Absolute Beginners. This is the place to come when you're ready to take

the first steps with your computer. Perhaps you've bought your first PC and are

raring to go. Or maybe you've had one sitting on a desk for a while, but you've been

too intimidated to do anything more than switch it on. Perhaps you've advanced as

far as using a couple of programs, but find yourself reeling with all the new things

you need to learn before you'll feel competent.

Well, now's the time to take the plunge. But before you even flick that ON switch,

here are a few ground rules that will make you more comfortable while learning

about the electronic beast in front of you.

1. Get some help for the hard parts

Get someone knowledgeable to help set up your computer for you.If you're a

complete newcomer to computing, setting up a PC is not the place to start.

So, let someone else deal with this parteither the company that provides

your computer or a knowledgeable relative or friend.

2. Take the pressure off

While you're learning, don't work on anything important or urgent. The last

thing you need is the pressure of a deadline hanging over you or having

others dependent on the fruits of your labour. Choose something innocuous to

work on, such as a letter to a friend.
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3. Save and save again

Get into the practice of saving your work at regular intervals. If you save

your work early and often it doesn't matter if you mess up.

4. Make backups

A backup is a copy of your work. Just as saving ensures you don't lose

documents that you're currently working on, creating regular backups

ensures you don't lose any of the files you have stored on your computer in

case something goes wrong.

5. Learn the lingo

One of the hardest things about learning computers is that you not only have

to learn many new techniques and processes, but you also have to learn an

enormous number of new concepts. It's those concepts that usually bring

people unstuck. Once you get them in place, you'll find everything else flows.

To fix those concepts in your brain, read and re-read information about them.

Data

Data is a collectionof facts, figures and statistics related to an object. Data can be

processed to create useful information. Data is a valuable asset for an organization.

Data can be used by the managers to perform effective and successful operationsof

management. It provides a view of past activities related to the rise and fall of an

organization. It also enables the user to make better decision for future. Data is very

useful for generating reports, graphs and statistics.

Example

Studentsfill an admission form when they get admission in college. The formconsists of raw factsabout the students. These raw facts are student's name, father

name, address etc. The purpose of collecting this data is to maintain the recordsof

the students during their study period in the college.

Information

The manipulated and processed form of data is called information. It is more

meaningful than data. It is used for making decisions. Data is used as input for

processingand information I output of this processing.

Example

Data collected from census is used to generate different type of information. The

government can use it to determine the literacy rate in the country. Government can

use the information in important decision to improve literacy rate.
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1.6

Applications of IECT

1.6.1

e-Governance

Governance refers to the exercise of political, economic and administrativeauthority in the management of a countrys affairs, including citizens

articulation of their interests and exercise of their legal rights and

obligations.

E-governance may be understood as the performance of this governance via

the electronic medium in order to facilitate an efficient, speedy and

transparent process of disseminating information to the public, and other

agencies, and for performing government administration activities.

E-governance is generally considered as a wider concept than e-government,

since it can bring about a change in the way how citizens relate to

governments and to each other.

E-governance can bring forth new concepts of citizenship, both in terms of

citizen needs and responsibilities. Its objective is to engage, enable and

empower the citizen.

Why introduce e-governance?

The purpose of implementing e-governance is to enhance good governance.

Good governance is generally characterized by participation, transparency

and accountability. The recent advances in communication technologies and

the Internet provide opportunities to transform the relationship between

governments and citizens in a new way, thus contributing to the achievement

of good governance goals. The use of information technology can increase the

broad involvement of citizens in the process of governance at all levels by

providing the possibility of on-line discussion groups and by enhancing the

rapid development and effectiveness of pressure groups. Advantages for the

government involve that the government may provide better service in terms

of time, making governance more efficient and more effective. In addition, the

transaction costs can be lowered and government services become more

accessible.

The fields of implementation of e-governance are:

e-administration- refers to improving of government processes and of

the internal workings of the public sector with new ICT-executed

information processes. e-services- refers to improved delivery of public services to citizens.

Some examples of interactive services are: requests for public documents,

requests for legal documents and certificates, issuing permits and

licenses.

e-democracy- implies greater and more active citizen participation and

involvement enabled by ICTs in the decision-making process


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1.6.2

Entertainment

The Use of Computers in Entertainment

In todays electronic era computers have a hand in almost everything.

Entertainment is no exception, in fact with the coming of digital information

has made one of its greatest leaps. Movies, games, music, even books thatthat are simple and easy as it is have been impacted greatly by computers.

What Entertainment Electronics Can I Run From My Computer?

When Microsoft released their Windows XP Media Center Edition, it was a

response to a growing trend in computers; more and more home computer

enthusiasts were hooking a computer up to all the electronic devices on their

entertainment center, recording shows directly to DVDs and using the

computer to monitor all their entertainment processes.

You can run almost anything you want using your computer as thehub. For a good entertainment center, you should have at least the

following to start out:

Very good speakers; these speakers will play sound from everything else,

so you only need one set.

Your television (or projector, if you use projection TV)

Your VCR and DVD player

Your digital cable box and/or TiVO player

Your stereo system (and keep in mind that your CDs can be played on a

DVD player, so you don't need a separate CD player except for switching

CDs).

What Kind Of Computer Should I Buy?

Brand doesn't matter, but what's under the hood -- or inside the box -

- does. Look for the following specs as a minimum:

Processor speed of at least 3.2 GHz

Windows XP Media Center operating system

Built-in TV tuner with remote, dual tuner if you want to record and

watch two different channels simultaneously

533MHz DDR2SDRAM, expandable to 2 GB; if you're running a very nice

HDTV television or a projection TV, opt for more.

256MB DDR graphics card

Hard drive with as much space as possible, especially if you want to be

able to record shows to it; 7200 rpm.

PCI expansion slots -- three or more free ones is best.

DVD writer to record your own DVDs; get one that burns labels onto the

other side for the nicest experience

High quality sound card that can handle your home theater equipment --

the salesperson should be able to direct you.


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Flat screen monitor to allow you to close cabinet doors over the computer

while you're using it as an entertainment center.

How Can I Hook Up My Entertainment System?

When you've got your computer up and running, you should be able to run

everything through your cable box, using your computer as the hub. Thetelevision tuner has out-ports that connect to your TV's in-ports, and you

should easily be able to hook your cable to it. You can also run your wireless

computer network through the entertainment computer for the ultimate in

compact connections.

Go through the tutorial included in your MS Windows XP system to use your

computer as an entertainment center. This will tell you how to do all the neat

things, like running all sound devices through a single set of home theater

speakers; recording movies at the same time you're watching other shows;

and using your computer's DVD-R/W to playmovies and CDs from.

How Can I Build On My Starter System?

Home entertainment is shifting quickly toward computers. You'll find tons

of functionality in the present and future, including but not limited to:

Playing PC games, and perhaps one day playing integrated XBox and

Sony games as well

Monitoring your wireless home security from your computer

Using telephony systems to run your long-distance phone service through

your PC, cheaply or for free

1.7 Bringing computer to life

1.7.1 Connecting keyboard, mouse, monitor and printer to

CPU

Installing a PC computer keyboard

When connecting the PS/2 keyboard, ensure the computer is off; if the

keyboard is a USB keyboard the computer can be off or on during the

installation.

Connect cables

PS/2 Keyboard

Connect the keyboard to the PS/2 port on the back of the computer.

When looking at the back of the computer you'll notice two PS/2 ports

next to each other. Verify you're connecting the keyboard into the purple

connection as shown in the below pictures. If your PS/2 ports are not color

coded the keyboard will be the connection closest to the left edge of the

computer (when looking at it from the back). If the connections are


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vertical and not horizontal as shown below the keyboard connection may

be either depending on the type of case and motherboard. Look for a

small symbol next to the port to identify which one is the keyboard.

If you are confused what PS/2 cable is what when under your desk,

generally the PS/2 cable is thicker than the PS/2 mouse cable.

USB Keyboard

Connect the USB keyboard to the USB ports on the back or front of your computer, orif you are using a USB port hub, connect the mouse to to the hub. Additional

information about why a USB keyboard may not work in MS-DOS or in Safe Mode can

be found on document CH000298.

Install Software / Drivers

If your keyboard has any special features such as a built on touch pad orspecial buttons or is wireless, for these features to work properly, the

software and/or drivers for the keyboard must be installed after the computer

keyboard has been connected to the computer.

Installing a PC computer mouse

Difficulty of installing computer mouse should be a 1 out of 5.


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When connecting the PS/2 or Serial mouse, ensure the computer is off; if

the mouse is a USB mouse the computer can be off or on during the

installation.

Connect cables

PS/2 Mouse

Connect the mouse to the PS/2 port on the back of the computer. Today,

although many computers are still using PS/2 mice if you're using a USB

mouse skip to the next section.

When looking at the back of the computer you'll notice two PS/2 ports

next to each other. Verify you're connecting the mouse into the teal or

green connection as shown in the below pictures. If your PS/2 ports are

not color coded the mouse will be the connection furthest away from the

left edge of the computer (when looking at it from the back). If the

connections are vertical and not horizontal as shown below the mouse

connection may be either depending on the type of case and motherboard.

Look for a small symbol next to the port to identify which one is themouse.

Serial Mouse

Connect the mouse to the serial port on the back of the computer. If the

computer has serial devices currently connected to the computer and the

computer has two serial ports we recommend you use the first serial

connection if you encounter problems connecting the mouse. Once connected

depending on your computer setup you may need to configure the mouse in

CMOS setup as found in the next section.

USB Mouse

Connect the USB mouse to the USB ports on the back or front of your

computer or if you are using a USB port hub, connect the mouse to the hub.

Install Software / Drivers

Additional information about computer mouse drivers and software can be

found on document CH000548.


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Setup in CMOS setup

If you've connected a serial or USB mouse it may be necessary to setup the

ports in CMOS setup.

If the mouse you're using is a serial mouse and it's having issues being

detected verify that the serial ports or COM ports are enabled and assigned

properly in CMOS.

If the mouse was a USB mouse, ensure that USB is enabled and if available,

also ensure that the USB Legacy support is also enabled; this allows the

mouse to work in legacy mode, for example: DOS.

Additional information about getting into CMOS setup can be found on

document CH000192

Connecting Your Monitor

1. Turn off your computer and unplug the power cord.

2. Connect the white connector end of the DVI cable attached on the

monitor to the connectors on the computer.

3. Connect the USB cable that was included with your monitor to the

computer and the upstream USB connector on the monitor.

Once this cable is connected to the computer and the monitor, you can

use the USB downstream on the monitor.4. Connect any USB devices.

5. Connect the power cord.

6. Turn on your monitor and computer. If you do not see an image, see

Troubleshooting Your Monitor.


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How to Connect a Printer to a Computer

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

Printers Computers

IEEE 1284-compatible, bidirectional printer cables

1. Position your printer. If you have a laser printer, allow a few inches of space on

all sides for ventilation. Ink-jet printers don't require ventilation.

2. Buy a bidirectional, IEEE 1284-compliant parallel printer cable. (Printers rarely

come with cables. See "How to Buy a Printer Cable," under Related eHows, formore information.)

3. Shut down the computer, but leave it plugged into the surge suppressor.

4. Compare the connectors at the opposite ends of the cable.

5. Attach the 25-pin end of the cable to the parallel, or printer, port on thecomputer. (The plug will go in only one way.)

6. Tighten the hand screws securely.

7. Connect the other end of the cable into the printer's socket.

8. Latch the retaining clips (on most printer ports).

9. Plug the power cord into the printer and into the surge suppressor.

10. Turn on the printer.

11. Install cartridges according to the printer manufacturer's instructions.

12. Turn on the computer.

13. Install printer driver software according to the manufacturer's instructions.

14. Add the printer to the list of printers your computer recognizes (see "How to Add

a Printer," under elated eHows). On a Macintosh, just select the new printer in

the Chooser.


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1.7.2 Checking power supply

To be able to test your computer's power supply, you can follow the

instructions below:

1. Turn off your power switch and plug it out from the power supply.

2. Remove the cable from the CPU and start unscrewing the power supply

section in order to remove the whole power supply (square metal box)

from the CPU.

3. Once done, locate for the main ATX connector and find the green wire.

4. Also locate for the black wire near the green wire and with the use of a

paper clip, connect and safely bond the two together with a piece of

isolating tape.

5. Put back all the power supply and switch the system on again and ensure

that your system ventilation is working.

6. To check whether the connection is correct, the Molex in between the

yellow and black wire should display at least 12 volts.

Summary

A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and

manipulates data or information, and provides output in a useful format.

The most basic collection of a computer includes a Computer CPU, a

Monitor, a Keyboard, and a Mouse.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is also known as the brain of your

computer. Some input devices are keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, barcode reader etc

Some output devices are VDU, speaker, printer digital camera etc.

There are different types of memory in a computer that are assigned a

task of storing several kinds of data. They are RAM, ROM, Flash memory

etc.

Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and

related devices.


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The software is the information that the computer uses to get the job

done.

Software can be divided into two general classes:systems software and

applications software.

Data is a collectionof facts, figures and statistics related to an object.

The manipulated and processed form of data is called information.

Model Answers

1. What is a computer?

Ans: A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores

and manipulates data or information, and provides output in a useful

format.

2. What are the main components of a computer system?

Ans. The main components of a computer system are as follows

CPU

Memory

Input Devices

Output devices

3. What are application software and system software?

Ans. The term application is a shorter form of application program. An

application program is a program designed to perform a specific

function directly for the user or, in some cases, for anotherapplication program. Applications software (also called end-user

programs) includes database programs, word processors, and

spreadsheets.

System software is computer software designed to operate the

computer hardware and to provide and maintain a platform for

running application software.

4. What are hardware and software?

Ans: Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and

related devices.

The software is the information that the computer uses to get the job

done. Software needs to be accessed before it can be used

5. Write the steps for checking power supply in computer.

Ans. To be able to test your computer's power supply, you can follow the

instructions below:
http://www.blurtit.com/q7739234.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://www.blurtit.com/q7739234.html


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1. Turn off your power switch and plug it out from the power

supply.

2. Remove the cable from the CPU and start unscrewing the power

supply section in order to remove the whole power supply (square

metal box) from the CPU.

3. Once done, locate for the main ATX connector and find the green

wire.

4. Also locate for the black wire near the green wire and with the

use of a paper clip, connect and safely bond the two together with

a piece of isolating tape.

5. Put back all the power supply and switch the system on again

and ensure that your system ventilation is working.

6. To check whether the connection is correct, the Molex in between

the yellow and black wire should display at least 12 volts.

6. What are the different types of system software?

Ans. The most basic types of system software are:

The computer BIOS and device firmware, which provide basic

functionality to operate and control the hardware connected to or

built into the computer.

The operating system (prominent examples being Microsoft

Windows, Mac OS X and Linux), which allows the parts of a

computer to work together by performing tasks like transferring

data between memory and disks or rendering output onto adisplay device. It also provides a platform to run high-level

system software and application software.

Utility software, which helps to analyze, configure, optimize and

maintain the computer.

In some publications, the term system software is also used to

designate software development tools (like a compiler, linker or

debugger)

7.

What are the different components of a computer system?

Ans. Just like the Human body, the computer is made up of different

components, all of which are very important for the overall effective

functioning of its system. The most basic collection includes a

Computer CPU, a Monitor, a Keyboard, and a Mouse.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_(computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debuggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debuggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_(computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS


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CHAPTER 2: OPERATING COMPUTER USING GUI BASED

OPERATING SYSTEM


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Chapter 2: Operating Computer Using GUI Based Operating

System

2.0 IntroductionAn operating system (OS) is an interface between hardware and user, which is responsible

for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a

computer, that acts as a host for computing applications run on the machine.

Unlike a command line operating system like Unix or MS-DOS, GUI Operating Systems are

much easier for end-users to learn and use because commands do not need to be known or

memorized. Because of their ease of use, GUI Operating Systems have become the dominant

operating system used by end-users today.

Graphical User Interface,the GUIwas first developed at Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Douglas

Engelbart, and a group of other researchers. A GUI uses windows, icons, and menus to carry

out commands such as opening files, deleting files, moving files, etc. and although many GUI

Operating Systems are operated by using a mouse, the keyboard can also be used by using

keyboard shortcuts or arrow keys.

2.1 Objectives

Every computer that receives some sort of human input needs a user interface, which

allows a person to interact with the computer. While devices like keyboards, mice

and touch screens make up the hardware end of this task, the user interface makes

up the software for it. The two most common forms of a user interface have

historically been the Command-line interface, where computer commands are typed

out line-by-line, and the Graphical user interface, where a visual environment (most

commonly with windows, buttons, and icons) is present.

2.2 Basics of popular operating system

Today most operating system perform the following important functions:

1. Processor management, that is, assignment of processor to different tasks being

performed by the computer system.

2. Memory management, that is, allocation of main memory and other storage areas

to the system programmes as well as user programmes and data.

3. Input/output management, that is, co-ordination and assignment of the different

output and input device while one or more programmes are being executed.

4. File management, that is, the storage of file of various storage devices to another.

It also allows all files to be easily changed and modified through the use of text

editors or some other files manipulation routines.

5. Establishment and enforcement of a priority system. That is, it determines and

maintains the order in which jobs are to be executed in the computer system.6. Automatic transition from job to job as directed by special control statements.

7. Interpretation of commands and instructions.

8. Coordination and assignment of compilers, assemblers, utility programs, and other

software to the various user of the computer system.

9. Facilities easy communication between the computer system and the computer

operator (human). It also establishes data security and integrity.


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2.3 The user interface

The two most common forms of a user interface have historically been the Command-

line interface, where computer commands are typed out line-by-line, and the

Graphical user interface, where a visual environment (most commonly with windows,

buttons, and icons) is present.

Status Bar

A status bar is an information area typically found at the bottom of windows in a

graphical user interface. A status bar is sometimes divided into sections, each of

which shows different information. Its job is primarily to display information about

the current state of its window.

2.3.1 Task Bar

In computing, a taskbar is a bar displayed on a full edge of a GUI desktop

that is used to launch and monitor running applications. Microsoft

incorporated a taskbar in Windows 95 and it has been a defining aspect ofMicrosoft Windows's graphical user interface ever since. Some desktop

environments, such as KDE and GNOME, include a more configurable

taskbar. Other operating systems may use different methods for task

management or application launching such as a panel or a dock.

The default settings for the taskbar in Microsoft Windows place it at screen

bottom and includes from left to right the Start menu button, Quick Launch

bar, taskbar buttons, and notification area. The Quick Launch toolbar was

added with the Internet Explorer 4 shell update, and is not enabled by

default in Windows XP or Windows 7.

Taskbar elements

The Start menu, which is accessed by a button on the taskbar, contains

commands that can access programs, documents, and settings.

The Quick Launch bar, introduced with Internet Explorer 4, contains

shortcuts to applications. The Quick Launch bar is a list of shortcuts to

your favorite programs. You can use the Quick Launch bar to open

programs with a single click, without having to go through the Start

menu. Microsoft Windows XP displays the Quick Launch bar by default,

so it might already be part of your taskbar. Look for the Quick Launch

bar directly to the right of your Startbutton.

If you have disabled your Quick Launch bar, you can display it by right-

clicking your taskbar, clicking Toolbars, and then clicking QuickLaunch.


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Figure-1

Windows XP displays the Quick Launch bar, which by default shows

shortcuts for opening Microsoft Internet Explorer and for displaying your

desktop. Other programs might add a shortcut to the Quick Launch bar, too.

To start a program, just click the shortcut.

The Windows shell places a taskbar buttonon the taskbar whenever an

application creates an unowned window: that is, a window that doesn't

have a parent and that is created according to normal Windows user

interface guidelines. Typically all Single Document Interface applications

have a single taskbar button for each open window, although modal

windows may also appear there.

At any given time, you might have several programs, folders, and documents

open on your desktop. The short name for "anything that's currently open on

your desktop" is task. That is, we can refer to each open item on your desktop

-- no matter what that item is, as a "task", short for "task-in-progress". The

Windows taskbar, which is roughly centered across the bottom of your screen,

as in Figure 1.

Figure-2

When you have lots of program windows open, they pile up on your Windows

desktop, just like sheets of paper can pile up on your real desktop. You can

use the taskbar to sort of "shuffle things around", so you're in control of what

is, and isn't visible at the moment. Here are some things you can do with the

taskbar along those lines:

If a program window is buried in the mess, click its taskbar button to

instantly bring it to the top of the stack.

You can also click a task's taskbar button to make it invisible (so it's not

taking up any space on the desktop), then click that same button again to

make it visible again.


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You can also closeany open task (thereby removing it from the desktop

and putting it back in the filing cabinet) by right-clicking its taskbar

button and choosing Close.

Collapsible Taskbar Buttons

As you open more and more items on your screen, all of the taskbar buttons

need to shrink a bit to make room for the new button. If you open lots of

items with the same program, those "many" taskbar buttons might

eventually collapse into a single taskbar button that shows a number.

For example, suppose you open a bunch of folders from the Start menu (My

Documents, My Music, My Pictures, My Computer). If the taskbar gets too

crowded, the taskbar buttons for those folders may collapse into a single

button labeled 4 Windows Explorer. The 4 stands for "four open folders".

Windows Explorer is the name of the program that lets you navigate around

in, and view the contents of, all folders on your computer.

Figure 3

Setting Taskbar Options

Like everything else in Windows XP, you can customize the taskbar to yourliking. To do so, right-click the Start button and choose Properties. In the

Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog box that opens, click on the

Taskbar tab. The options shown in Figure below. Your options are

summarized below:


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Figure 4

Lock the taskbar: If selected, hides all sizing handles on the taskbar so

you can't accidentally move or resize it (as discussed below).

Auto-hide the taskbar: If you select this option, the taskbar will be hidden

most of the time so as to not take up any space on the screen. To make it

visible, move the mouse pointer to the very bottom of your screen.

Keep the taskbar on top of other windows: If selected, makes sure the

taskbar is visible at all times, even when large maximized program

windows are covering the rest of the screen.

Group similar taskbar buttons: If selected, allows multiple taskbar

buttons to collapse into a single button so the buttons don't become too

small to see on the taskbar.

Show Quick Launch: If selected, displayed the optional Quick Launch

toolbar to the right of the Start button.

You'll find articles on the Quick Launch toolbar and Notification area after

you finish this article and click Back to return to the precious page.

o

Windows XP introduced taskbar grouping, which can group the taskbar

buttons of several windows from the same application into a single

button. This button pops up a menu listing all the grouped windows whenclicked. This keeps the taskbar from being overcrowded when many

windows are open at once.

o

Windows Vista introduced window previews which show thumbnail views

of the application in real-time. This capability is provided by the Desktop

Window Manager.

o Windows 7 introduced jump lists which are menus that provide shortcuts

to recently opened documents, or various options which apply to that


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specific program, that appear when the user right-clicks on an icon in the

taskbar or drags the icon upwards with the mouse left click.

o Windows 7 introduced the ability to pin applications to the taskbar so

that buttons for launching them appear when they are not running.

Previously, the Quick launch was used to pin applications to the taskbar;

however, running programs appeared as a separate button.

o Windows 7 removed several classic taskbar features.

2.3.2 Icons

A graphic symbol that denotes a program or a command or a data file or a

concept in a graphical user interface.

Figure 5

There are thousands of icons in windows Oprating system. Some important icons are

categorized into six groups and shown in the above figure.

File management icons are used for storing and retrieving files and folders within

the system.

Database management icons are used for accessing different types of databases.

Office Icons are used for accessing office application. Internet access icons are used

for upload and download files from the internet. Multimedia icons are used for

accessing audio and video files. Utility Icons are used for managing the system.


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2.3.3 Menu

To diversify the actions that can be performed on a computer, there are six

main categories of menus, each of which depends on the person who created

the menu:

Stand-Alone Items:The simplest menu item

displays a word or a group of words on its line. To

use this menu type, you can simply click it. What

happens depends on the program. Sometimes, it

would appear as if nothing happened, in which case

something could have happened behind the scenes.

Sometimes nothing at all would happen. Being

familiar with the program can give you more

information

Disabled Menu Items:If a menu appears gray, this

means that the menu is not available at this time.

Such a menu is referred to as disabled. Clicking a

disabled menu would not do anything, at all. most ofthe time, such a menu would require a prerequisite

action in order to become available or enabled.

Ellipsis Menus:A menu with three periods

indicates that an intermediary action is required. To

use such a menu, click it. Once clicked, sometimes

another window would be displayed.

Check Menus:A menu that appears with a check

mark is used as a "witness" of a window object being

available or not. This means that, when the check

mark is set, the object the menu item refers to is

visible. If you click such a menu item, the check

mark disappears along with the item it refers to; themenu item is still visible: only its check mark and

the item it refers to disappear.

Radio Menus:Some menu items appear in a group

of two or more (usually not more than 7). The group

is delimited by a horizontal line above the top menu

item and another horizontal line below the bottom

object.

At any time, one of the menu items has a big round

dot on its left side. This dot is called a radio button.

The item that is currently active has the radio button

and the other menu items don't. If you click an item

other than the one with the radio button, the dotmoves to the item you clicked and the previous item

looses the radio button.

This type of menu is used when the programmer

wants only one item of the group to indicate which

item of a category is active.

Arrow Menus:When a menu appears with an

arrow, this means that the menu item holds its own

list, called a submenu. Again, this design depends on


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the person who created the menu and is not subject

to any preconceived rule.

To access the menu item, simply position the mouse

cursor on the menu item that has the arrow. How the

submenu appears may depend on the section of the

screen from where the menu is being accessed. The

operating system decides how to display thissubmenu based on the available room.

2.3.4 Running an Application

Running an application in GUI based operating system is easy enough. Just

double click on the icons of an application. If icon is not available in your

desktop then create shortcut in desktop. Otherwise you click on Start Menu

then click on Run and type the name of the application in the textbox and

press enter.

2.4 Operating System Simple Setting

2.4.1 Changing System Date and Time

Start Windows XP normally. Make sure you are logged in as an

administrator or as another user with privileges for changing settings.

Click on the time that is displayed in the task bar. This will bring up the

Date and Time Properties box. You can also right-click on the time by clicking

on the "Adjust Date and Time" menu option.

Highlight a portion of the time on the digital clock, beneath the graphicrepresentation of the time (it looks like a traditional round-faced clock), to

highlight it. Make sure you have highlighted the correct portion (hours for

hours, minutes for minutes).

Enter the time you wish to change and click "Apply."

Click one of the drop-down menus in the "Date" section of the window. This

will allow you to change the month and the year, either by typing them in or

selecting them from the menu.

Click on a particular day of the week to reset the calendar to that day.

Remember to click "Apply" whenever you change a property or multipleproperties. Your changes will not be confirmed until you do.

2.4.2 Changing Display Properties

To change the display property right click on the desktop then select properties

a new window will appear having tabs Theme,Desktop,Screen Saver,

Appearance, Settings. If you change the theme of the desktop click on the

dropdown list box as Shown in figure 6.If you change background scene click on


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Desktoptab choose from the list as shown in figure 7 and click on apply. If you want

to change the icons on the Desktop click on the Desktoptab and then click on the

Customize Desktop Button as shown in figure-8.If you want to change screen

Saver click on Screen SaverTab. Choose screen saver from the drop down list as

shown in figure-9.For changing the style of windows and buttons click on the

Appearancetab and then click on the dropdown list as shown in figure 10.If you

want to change the Screen Resolution click on the tab Settings.

Figure 6


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Figure 7


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Figure-8


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Figure-9

Figure-10

ChangeAppearance


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Figure-11

2.4.3 To add and remove a windows component

Click on Start Menuthen Settingsand click on Control Panel then double click

on Add or Remove Programs. A new window will appear in which there is option for

Add/Remove Windows Components as shown in figure 13.Then double click on

that and a new window will appear from where you can choose the windows

component as shown in figure 14.

Change

ScreenResolution


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Figure-12

Figure-13

Add orRemove

Programs

Add /RemoveWindows

Component


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Figure-14

2.4.4 Changing Mouse Properties

Click on Start Menu then click on the Settings then clicks on the Control Panel

then double click on the mouse symbolwithin the control panel. A new window will

appear Where you can change shape of the Pointer, Mouse Buttons configuration,

Pointer Options, etc.

Figure-15


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2.4.5 To Add or Removing printers

To print, you need to connect a printer directly to your computer (when it is

connected in this way, it's referred to as a local printer), or create a connection to a

network or shared printer.

To Add a Local Printer

First, connect the printer to your computer following the manufacturer's instructions.

Windows will attempt to automatically install the printer. If Windows can't

automatically install it, or if you've previously removed the printer and want to add it

again, follow these steps:

1.

Open Printers by clicking the Start button, clicking Control Panel, clicking

Printers.

2.

Click Add a printer.

3.

In the Add Printer Wizard, select Add a local printer.4.

On the Choose a printer port page, make sure that the Use an existing port

option button and the recommended printer port are selected, and then click

Next.

5.

On the Install the printer driver page, select the printer manufacturer and

model, and then click Next.

Remove a printer

1.

Open Printers by clicking the Start button, clicking Control Panel, and then

clicking Printers.

2.

Right-click the printer that you want to remove, and then click Delete.

If you can't delete the printer, right-click it again, click Run as administrator, and

then click Delete. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation,

type the password or provide confirmation.

2.5 File and Directory Management

2.5.1 Creating and renaming of files and directories

Afile objectprovides a representation of a resource that can be managed by the I/O

system. Like other objects, they enable sharing of the resource, they have names,

they are protected by object-based security, and they support synchronization. The

I/O system also enables reading from or writing to the resource.

A directoryis a hierarchical collection of directories and files. The only constraint on

the number of files that can be contained in a single directory is the physical size of

the disk on which the directory is located.


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Creating a new file or folders

As mentioned there are numerous ways to create a new folder in Win XP, we will

look at only one method here.

Open Windows Explorer, navigate to the drive or folder in which you want to create

your new folder. For our example we are going to create a new folder in our

unzippedfolder.

The steps are:

1. Right clickanywhere in the white space and hover the mouse over new

2. Then click on folderfrom the sub-menu that appears as shown in fig below.

3. You will then be prompted to name the folder, simply type in the name and then

press the enter (return) key.

Try and be as descriptive as you can when naming folders, and avoid using any

punctuation symbols in the names.

The same procedure may follow for creating file.

Figure 16

Renaming Files and folders

1. Right click on the folder or filewhich you want to rename2.

Then click on the sub-menuRename

3. Then change the previous name of the file or folder


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Figure 17

2.6 Common Utilities

Utility softwareis a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize

and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utilityor

tool.

Disk storageor disc storageis a general category of storage mechanisms, in which data

are digitally recorded by various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical methods on asurface layer deposited of one or more planar, round and rotating platters.

Disk defragmenterscan detect computer files whose contents are broken across several

locations on the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency.

Backuputilities can make a copy of all information stored on a disk, and restore either the

entire disk (e.g. in an event of disk failure) or selected files (e.g. in an event of accidental

deletion).

Archiveutilities output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of

files. Archive utilities, unlike archive suites, usually do not include compression or

encryption capabilities. Some archive utilities may even have a separate un-archive utilityfor the reverse operation.

Disk compressionutilities can transparently compress/uncompress the contents of a disk,

increasing the capacity of the disk.


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Summary

An operating system (OS) is a bridge between User and Hardware. An operating system

manages processor, hardware, software as well as input and output devices. There are two

types of user interfaces Command Line Interface and Graphical User Interface. A status bar

is an information area typically found at the bottom of windows in a graphical user interface.

A taskbar is a bar displayed on a full edge of a GUI desktop that is used to launch andmonitor running applications. A taskbar button places on the taskbar whenever an

application creates an unowned window: that is, a window that doesn't have a parent. As you

open more and more items on your screen, all of the taskbar buttons need to shrink a bit to

make room for the new button. A icon is a graphic symbol that denotes a program or a

command or a data file or a concept in a graphical user interface. Menus are used in

the GUI Operating System instead of commands. Running an application by double clicking

on the Icon. Change the system date and time from the control panel as specified in

2.4.1.Change the display property as specified in 2.4.2.Add and Remove windows component

as specified in section 2.4.3.Changing Mouse Properties as specified in section 2.4.4.Add and

remove printer as specified in section 2.4.5.File and Directory management

is specified in 2.5.Common utilities are specified in 2.6.

Model Question and Answer

1.

What is operating system?

An operating system (OS) is an interface between hardware and user, which is responsible

for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a

computer.

2.

What is the Basic Function of Operating System?

1.

Process management2.

Memory Management

3.

File management

4.

Input & Output Device Management etc.

3. Why GUI is more popular than Command-line interface?

GUI is more popular than Command-line interface because in GUI there is no need to

remember the command syntax. Just click on the menu and submenu which replace the

Command in GUI.

4.

What is the function of status bar?

Its job is primarily to display information about the current state of its window.

5.

Where the task bar is located in the window and what its function is?

A taskbar is a bar displayed on a full edge of a GUI desktop that is used to launch and

monitor running applications.


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6.

How to change the Screen Saver?

Right click on the desktop and choose properties then click on the Screen Saver tab

and choose screen saver from the drop down list.

7.

How to change the Screen Resolution?

Right click on the desktop and choose properties then click on the Setting tab

and choose screen resolution.

8.

How to set Date and Time?

Click on start menuthen click on settingand then on control panel.Within the control

panel click on date and time icon.

9.

How to rename a file or folder?

Right click on the name of the file and folder a pop up menu appear then select Rename

and type the new name.

10. What is defragmentation?

Disk defragmenters can detect computer files whose contents are broken across several

locations on the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency.


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CHAPTER 3: UNDERSTANDING WORD PROCESSING


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Chapter 3: Understanding Word Processing

3.0 Introduction

This Word tutorial is just what you need to get up to speed using Word 2003 to createprofessional looking documents. Whether you're creating a simple memo or note or a complex

and complicated multi column business document, Word is a powerful tool that will help get

the job done.

Guides and Tutorials help you create expert Word documents in minutes to impress your

family, friends, students, and co-workers. With Word 2003, we will show you how to create

and edit professional looking documents. These helpful pages will teach you how to put use

the basic features of Microsoft Word 2003.

3.1 Objectives

Learning Objectives:

Start Word

Set screen for good working conditions

Understand the parts of the screen

Create a document

Format the document

Save the document

Print the document

3.2 Word Processing Basics

3.2.1 Opening Word Processing Package

There are mainly two ways of opening a Microsoft Word Package

1.

On the PC, select Start, Programs, and Microsoft Word from the Start list.

2. Double-click on the icon of any Word document. Word documents can be

anywhere. Word opens with the selected document already loaded.

Start Button

Microsoft Office Package

Microsoft Office Word 2003


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Components of the Word Window

Besides the usual PC window components (close box, title bar, scroll bars, etc.), a

Word window has other elements, as shown in the following figure.

3.2.2 Menu Bar

There are 9 menus available in a menu Microsoft Word document.


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File menu

New- Opens a new document. If you use the keyboard

combination indicated on the right a blank document

opens immediately. Selecting the New menu item with

your cursor gives the opportunity to open a large

number of types of documents.

Open- Opens a previously saved document.

Close- Closes the active document but does not quit the

application.

Save - Saves the active document with its current file

name, location and format.

Save As - Saves by opening a window which gives the

opportunity to change the file name, location or format.

Page Setup - Sets margins, paper size, orientation and

other layout options.

Print Preview- Shows how the file will look when you

print it.

Print - Prints the active file, also gives the opportunity

to change print options

Exit- Closes Microsoft Word.

Edit menu

Undo -The actual entry of this item will depend on what

you did last. In my example I had cut text, so that was

displayed. This selection can be repeated several times.

Repeat - After an action has been undone, it can be

reinstated in the document.

Cut - Removes the selection from the active document and

places it on the clipboard.

Copy - Copies the selection to the clipboard

Paste - Inserts the contents of the clipboard at the

insertion point (cursor) or whatever is selected.

Clear - Deletes the selected object or text, but does notplace it on the clipboard.

Select All - Selects all text and graphics in the active

window.

Find - Searches for specified text in the active document

Replace - Searches for and replaces specified text and

formatting.


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View menu

Normal - The default document view for most word

processing tasks.

Page Layout - An editing view that displays your

document as it will look when printed. This view takesmore system memory and scrolling may be slow.

Toolbars - Displays or hides toolbars. The right

pointing arrow indicates a list of toolbars. To add one

slide down to the name of the toolbar and click to

select.

Ruler - Displays or hides horizontal and vertical rulers

at the top and left side of the document.

Header and Footer -Adds or changes the text that is

displayed at the top or bottom of every page of the

document

Full Screen - Hides most screen elements so you cansee more of your document

Zoom - Controls how large, or small, the current

document appears on the screen.

Insert menu

Page Break -Use this command to send your cursor

to the top of the next page even though the text does

not extend to the bottom of the previous page

Date and Time - Choose from seventeen formats for

displaying date, time, or date and time.

Auto Text - Insert any of several pre-set text lines, or

create your own.

Symbol - Insert a symbol from each of your symbol

fonts, or any standard font which includes symbols.

There are more than you might think!

Footnote -Place a footnote at the bottom of the page

or the end of the document.

Picture - Insert pictures from clip art or a file. You

can also insert auto shapes, word art, or a chart.

Text Box (Frame) -Use this to place captions neartables or drawings, or to set off text at the beginning of

a page. Click and draw the box after making this

selection.

File - Insert a saved document into the active

document at the cursor.

Object -Insert an object such as clip art, word art, an

equation or much more.


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Hyperlink - An interesting use of hyperlinks is to

place a link to any document stored on your computer.

You can later open that document by clicking on the

link. Neat?

Format menu

Font -Change font style, size, color and a large

number of other features. You can also change

the spacing between letters here.

Paragraph - Indent a paragraph using either

margin or place some chosen amount of space

before or after the paragraph.

Bullets and Numbering - As promised in the

Insert menu, if you wish to change the bullet, it

can be done here. Your bullets can be literally

any symbol you wish them to be

Border -Create borders around blocks of text,

or around the entire document. On the Page

Border tab, under the Art pull downmenu you

can find a huge selection of graphic borders;

hearts, stars, planets and much more.

Drop Cap - Make the first letter of a paragraph

or chapter large enough to span several lines.

Basic Computer Notes

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