Basic Cell Structure. Cell Membrane a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cells...
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Transcript of Basic Cell Structure. Cell Membrane a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cells...
![Page 1: Basic Cell Structure. Cell Membrane a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cells contents (insides) from its environment (outsides). **The.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/5697bf771a28abf838c815f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basic Cell Structure
![Page 2: Basic Cell Structure. Cell Membrane a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cells contents (insides) from its environment (outsides). **The.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/5697bf771a28abf838c815f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cell Membranea thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cells contents (insides) from its environment (outsides).
**The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Also called the plasma membrane.
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Cytoplasm • a semi-fluid substance
made mostly of water and organic compounds that is found between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
• Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm.
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Organelles
• Structures that perform specific functions within a cell
• “little organs”
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Cytoskeleton
• a network of protein fibers and tubes that extend throughout the cytoplasm. This network gives the cell support and helps to maintain or change its shape.
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Nucleus• The control center of a
cell. It is the most easily seen of the cells organelles.
• The nucleus contains most of the cells genetic material.
• It is surrounded by a double membrane called a nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope.
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Chromosomes – located in the nucleus, the cells genetic information – DNA (nucleic acids)
Nucleolus – a dense portion of the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
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Ribosomes• Small organelles that help assemble amino acids
into protein chains. They are found floating in the cytoplasm and attached to membranes.
• Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have ribosomes.
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)• A large network of membranes that
produce materials for the cell
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There are TWO types of Endoplasmic reticulum
• Rough ER – has ribosomes on its surface and functions in the synthesis (making) of proteins
• Smooth ER – Makes lipids, processes carbohydrates and toxic waste.
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Golgi Apparatus• a series of flat,
membrane-bound sacs that sorts, packages, and transports substances in the cell.
• Vesicle = sac containing manufactured materials
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Mitochondria
• Energy producing organelles. They change energy stored in food compounds into energy usable by the cell (ATP).
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Lysosomes
• Saclike organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules (such as proteins) or old organelles.
• Mostly found in animal cells
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Cilia
• short, hair-like projections that are found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells.
• Function in movement
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Flagella
•A long, tail-like projection used in movement.
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Put it all together!
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Plant vs Animal Cells
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Cell Wall• Plant cells have a cell wall that
is a tough rigid outer covering that protects the plant cell and helps it maintain its shape. It is composed mostly of cellulose. Fungi, algae, and bacteria also have cell walls.
• **Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls.
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Chloroplast• structures that enable the plant to make sugar
through photosynthesis. Contain chlorophyll (a pigment) that gives the plant cell its green color.
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Vacuole• All plant cells contain a large
central vacuole – a membrane bound compartment that serves many functions. The main function is the absorption of water, but they also may store proteins, ions and waste products.
• Animal cells may have vacuoles, but they are very small.
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Centriole• Animal cells also
have centrioles – small cylinder shaped organelles that help move chromosomes during cell division.
• NOT found in plants