Basic Beef Cow Nutrition Katherine Whitman, DVM, MS Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center.
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Transcript of Basic Beef Cow Nutrition Katherine Whitman, DVM, MS Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center.
![Page 1: Basic Beef Cow Nutrition Katherine Whitman, DVM, MS Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afab38/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basic Beef Cow Nutrition
Katherine Whitman, DVM, MSGreat Plains Veterinary Educational Center
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Overview
• Recognizing a problem• Basic requirements•Matching cow cycle with forage cycle• Critical time points in the cow cycle• Evaluating feedstuffs• BRaNDS program application• Nutrition in practice
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Obvious…
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…Sub-clinical
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How do we know?• Tools to evaluate nutritional status• Body Condition Scoring
• https://beef.unl.edu/learning/condition1a.shtml• Behavior?
• Health issues• Increases is morbidity or mortality• Unthrifty• Ineffective preventatives, treatments
• Performance issues• Reproductive deficiencies• Poor growth
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Nutritional Requirements• NRC for technicals• Minimum requirements• Feed values are averages
• Feed analysis is under utilized!!• Sampling-what feedstuffs?
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What does she need?• Age?• Stage of production?• Body condition?• Environment?• Feedstuffs available?• Producer goals?
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Changes in requirement
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Production Cycle
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
1ST 2ND 3RD
Lactation
Grazing Supplement?
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Nutritional Demands
• Demands vary with physiologic state of cow• Trimester• Lactation• Growth• Other stressors
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Determining What to Feed
•Availability•Cost• Feasibility•Quality
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Feedstuff Evaluation
• Testing• LOOK!!!• Ask questions
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What is the Focus?
• Major balancers• Protein: 8% Cows, 13-14% Heifers
(MINIMUMS!!)• Energy: TDN, NEm, NEg, NEl
• Ca:P ratio-what is appropriate?• Adjustments• Supplementation??
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Forage dry matter intake relative to forage crude protein concentration Source: Adapted from Moore and Kunkle, 1995
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Carbohydrate Fractions
Total Carbohydrate
Nonfiber Carbohydrate
Organic Acids SugarsStarches (NSC)
Neutral Detergent
Soluble Fiber
Pectins
Fructans
ß-Glucans
Structural Carbohydrate
(NDF)
HemicelluloseAcid Detergent
Fiber
Cellulose
Lignin
Maillard Protein
Stimulate Fermentation
Stimulate Milk Production
Decrease Intake Increase Milk fat
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• 2 Year Olds 1560• 3 Year Olds 1242• Matures 5894
• Calving season begins March 21• Wean October 20• Turned out to winter grazing• Winter ration?• Other questions?
Case background
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Feeding options• Supplemental forages• Supplemental concentrates• Corn stalks• http://
www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/ec290/build/ec290.pdf• Dry lot• http://
www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=1639
• https://beef.unl.edu/confinement-cows-series-part-1-nutritional-considerations
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Reading Feed Analysis As Fed 100% Dry MatterMoisture, % 7.3
Dry Matter, % 92.7
Crude Protein, % CP 19.5 21.0
Acid Detergent Fiber, % ADF 26.6 28.7
Neutral Detergent Fiber, % NDF 35.4 38.2
Total Digestible Nutrients, % TDN 65.3 70.4
Net Energy, Maint, Mcal/lb 0.70 0.75
Net Energy, Gain, Mcal/lb 0.44 0.47
Net Energy, Lact, Mcal/lb 0.68 0.73
Digestible Energy, Mcal/lb 1.31 1.41
Met. Energy, Beef, Mcal/lb 1.07 1.16
Relative Feed Value, (RFV) 162
Calcium, % Ca 1.18 1.28
Phosphorus, % P 0.27 0.29
Magnesium, % Mg 0.25 0.27
Potassium, % K 2.93 3.16
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) Analysis
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Ration formulation
• Scratch paper• Rules of Thumb
• Excel spreadsheets• Numerous online resources
• Software programs• BRaNDS• BRaNDS.xlsm
• NRC• D:\NRC\UNL Practicum Revised NRC - Novemb
er 2013.xls