Basic Assignment

8/16/2019 Basic Assignment

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BASIC ASSIGNMENTS ……


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3D FORM

WALL 3D FORM ROOM

DOOR PLACEMENTWINDOW PLACEMENT

Subtractive Transformation


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Parapet wall

Coping

Roof

Reveal

Window

Foundation

RampSteps

Sill

Lintel

Ceiling Plane

Lintel

Door

Floor Plane

Load Down

On Soil

Wall Plane

PARTS OF A BUILDING


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Load Down

On Soil

PARTS OF A BUILDING


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PARTS OF A BUILDING

1. Foundation:- It Is The Lowest Part Of The Structure Below The Ground Level Which Is In Direct Contact

With The Ground And Transmits All The Dead, Live And The Other Loads To The Soil On Which TheStructure Rests.

2. Plinth:- The Portion Of The Building Between The Ground Surrounding The Building And The Top Of The

Floor Immediately Above The Ground Is Known As Plinth.

3. Walls:- Walls Are Provided To Enclose Or Divide The Floor Space In Desired Pattern. Walls Provide Privacy,

Security And Give Protection Against Sun, Rain, Cold And Other Adverse Effects Of Weather.

4. Column:- It May Be Defined As An Isolated Vertical Load Bearing Member The Width Of Which Is Neither

Less Than Its Thickness Nor More Than Four Times Its Thickness.


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PARTS OF A BUILDING

5. Floors:- Floors Are Flat Supporting Elements Of A Building. They Divide A Building Into Different Levels

Thereby Creating More Accommodation On A Given Plot Of Land.

6. Doors, Windows & Ventilators:- A Door May Be Defined As A Barrier Secured In An Opening Left In A Wall

To Provide Usual Means Of Access To A Building, Room Or Passage. A Window May Be Defined As An

Opening Left In A Wall For The Purpose Of Providing Daylight, Vision And Ventilation.

7. Stairs:- A Stair May Be Defined As A Structure Comprising Of A Number Of Steps Connecting One Floor To

Another. The Stair Must Be Constructed In Such A Manner That It Is Safe And Comfortable To Use And It

Should Be So Located As To Permit Easy Communication.


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Roof

Wall

Floor

Roof

Floor

Wall

Roof

Wall

Floor

Pitched Roof Lean To Roof Roof

Types of Roof


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Wall

Floor

Butterfly Roof Butterfly Roof Roof

Roof

Wall

Floor

Roof

Wall

Floor

Roof

Types of Roof


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Types of Roof


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Types of Roof


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PARTS OF A DOOR


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FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING


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FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING


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SizeThe physical dimension

of length, width and depthof a form. While those dimensions

determine the

Proportion of a form, its scale is

determined by its size relative to

other forms in its context.

ColorA phenomenon of light and visual

perception that may

be described in terms of an

individual’s perception of

hue, saturation and total

value

Shape

Size

ShapeThe characteristics outline

or surface configuration of aparticular form. Shape is the

Principal aspect by which we

identify and categorize forms.

Shapes And Forms

Colour


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FormThe location from relative to its

environment or the visual feidwithin which it is run.

OrientationThe direction of a form relative

to the ground. Plan the compass

points other forms or to the

person viewing the form.

Visual InertiaThe degree of the concentration

and stability of a form the visual

Inertia of a form depends Upon

the geometry as well as itsorientation to the ground plan

and the pull of gravity and our

line of signet.

Shape

Orientation

Shapes And Forms


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Sector

Diameter Radius

Circumference

Quadrant

Chord

Segment

Chord

Arc

Circles


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Example of Top Base Plane Example of Isometric Base Plane

Example of Elevated Top

Plane

Example of Isometric Elevated

Plane

Example of Top Base Plan

Example of Base Plane

Example of Elevated Top

Plan

Example of Elevated Base

Plane

Base Plane

A horizontal plane layingas a figure on a contrasting

Background defines a

Simple field of space.

This field can be visually

Reinforced in following ways

Elevated Base PlaneA horizontal plane elevated

Above the ground plane

establishes vertical surfaces

Along its edges that reinforced

the visual separation between

Its field and surroundingGround.

Base Plane


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Example of Top Depressed

Plane

Example of Isometric Depressed

Plane

Example of Overhead Top

Plane

Example of Overhead Isometric

Plane

Example of Top Base Plan

Example of Base Plane

Example of Overhead Top

Plan

Example of Overhead

Isometric Plan

Depressed Base PlaneA Horizontal planedepressed into the ground

Plane utilizes the vertical

Surface Of the lowered area to

Define the volume of a space.

Overhead PlaneA horizontal plane located

Overhead defines a volume of

space between itself and the

ground plane.

Base Plane


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Approaches

Example Of Frontal Top View Example Of Frontal Isometric View

Frontal Approach:A Frontal Approach Leads Directly To The Entrance Of A Building Along A Straight , Axial Path.

The Visual Goal That Terminates The Approach Is Clear, It May Be The Entire Front Façade Of

A Building Or An Entrance Within The Plane .


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Oblique Approach :An Oblique Approach Enhances The Effect Of Perspective On The Front Facade And Form Of A

Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or More Time To Delay And Prolong The Sequence Of The

Approach. If A Building Is Approached At An Extreme Angle , Its Entrance Can Project Beyond Its

Facade To Be More Clearly Visible.

Example of Oblique Top View Example of Oblique Isometric View

Approaches


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Approaches

Spiral Approach :A Spiral Approach Enhances The Effect Of Perspective On The Front Façade And Form Of A

Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or More Times To Delay And Prolong The Sequence

Of The Approach. If A Building Is Approached At The Extreme Angle, Its Entrance Project Beyond

Its Façade To Be More Clearly Visible.

Example of Spiral Isometric ViewExample of Spiral Isometric View


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Door Frame

Door Frame Is Made Up Of Two Typical Members Known As

Jambs Or Posts And Flat Member Connecting The Jambs At

Top Called Head. The Cross-sectional Dimensions Of The

Jamb And The Head Are Normally Kept Same. The Size Of Door Frame Is Worked Out After Allowing A Clearance Of 5

Mm. All-round For Convenience Of Fixing The Frame In The

Opening. Frames Made From Timber Steel Are Described

Below

Location Of Doors

(i) From Consideration Of Adequate Air Circulation

Within The Room, The Doors Should Be Provided InOpposite Walls Facing Each Other.

(ii) From Consideration Of Proper Space Utilization And

Privacy, Doors Should As For As Possible Be Located

Near The Corner Of A Room (Say About 20 Cm Away

From The Corner).

(iii) The Location Of The Door Should Meet The Functional

Requirements Of The Room.

(iv) The Numbers Of Doors In A Room Should Be Kept InMinimum To Achieve Optimum Utilization Of Space.

1.Battened Ledged Door

2 Battened Ledged And Braced Door

3.Battened Ledged Braced And

Framed Door

4. Framed And Panel Door 5.Glazed Or Sash Door

Types Of Door:-

11. Collapsible Steel Doors

12.Rolling Steel Shutter Doors

13.Rolling Grill Doors

14.M.S. Sheet Doors

15. Fire Check Door

6 .Flush door

7. Fly proof doors

8.Revolving doors

9. Sliding Door

10.Swing doors

Types of Doors


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ELEVATION

FRAME 60x100

30mmTHICK

BATTEN

MIDDLE LEDGE

200x30

BOTTOM LEDGE

200x30

INOUT

VERTICALSECTION

x

xHinge

Plan

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Size

Hold fast60x100 FRAME

200x30 LEDGES

IN

SCOTCH TE HINGE

30mm TH BATTENSPLASTERBRICK WALL

OUT

Definition:-

This Is The Simplest Form Of Door Commonly Used ForNarrow Openings. The Door Consists Of Vertical

Battens Or Boards Usually Tongued And Grooved And

Fixed Together With Horizontal Battens Known As

Ledges. There Are Three Fixed In The Middle Of The

Shutter. The Middle Ledges Is Also Known As Lock

Ledges.

Battened and Ledged Door

Battened ledged braced & framed Door


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Battened, ledged, braced,& framed Door

Detail Plan

Frame

Top Rail

Bracing

Lock Rail

Bracing

Bottom Rail

Elevation Vertical Section

Hold fast

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Brick WallFrame(125X75)

Hinge

Definition:-

This Type Of Door Is Considered To TheSuperior In Strength, Durability And

Appearance. The Frame Work Of This

Type Of Door Consists Of Two Vertical

Members Called Stiles, Three Horizontal

Members Known As Ledges Or Rails,

Vertical Battens And Two Inclined Braces.

The Rails Positioned Near The Top,

Middle And The Bottom Of The Shutter

Are Mortised And Tinned Into The Stiles.

The Battens Are Generally Tongued And

Grooved And V-jointed. At Their Upper

End, The Battens Are Let Into The Top

Rail While At Mid Rail While At Mid

Height And Lower Ends They Go Right

Over The Middle And Bottom Rails.

ll d l d l


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Elevation

Panelled Door Vertical And Horizontal Section

Frame

60x100Toprail100x35

Panel

15mm

Freeze rail

100x35

Panel

Lock rail150x35

Panel

Bottom rail

200x35

Section

Panelled Door:-

This Type Of Door Is CommonlyProvided In All Types Of

Buildings . This Door Consists

Of Timber Frame Work Of Stiles

And Rails Which Are Grooved

On The Inside To Receive One

Or More Panels . The Door May

Be Single, Double, Three, Four

Or Six Paneled Also . The PanelsCan Be Timber, Plywood, Block

Board Or Hard Board.

Six Panelled Door

X900

BA

EQ EQ

Plan


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ELEVATION

Bottom rail

35×200

Wooden Panel

LockRail

35X150

Wooden Bead

Glass

Top Rail

35×100

VERTICAL SECTION

Definition:-

This Type Of Door Is Used In Residential As Well As Public BuildingsLike Hospitals, Schools Or Colleges Etc. Glazed Or Sash Doors Are

Made In Several Designs. They Can Be Glazed Fully Or Partly.

In Case Of Partly Glazed Doors Normally The Bottom 1/3rd Height Of

The Door Is Panelled And Remaining 2/3rd Height Is Glazed. In Case

Of Partly Glazed Doors, The Stiles Are Sometimes Diminished At The

Lock Rail To Improve The Elevation And To Permit More Area Of

Glazing In The Process.

Hold FastBrick Wall

Frame(60×100)

WoodenBeading

10×20

Glass

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Glazed or Sash Door

S lid C T Fl h D


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Top Rail

Stile

Solid

core of

Particle

Board

A

Cross

Band

Face

Veneer or

Plywood

Bottom Rail

ELEVATION

Solid core type Flush Door :-Flush doors have pleasing appearance , simple

construction ,high strength and durability and

cost less as compared with panelled doors.

Flush door shutter consists of a solid or

semisolid framed skeleton covered on both

faces with either plywood or a combination of cross bands and face veneers giving perfectly

flush and joint less surface .

In solid core type flush doors the wooden frame

used for holding the core consists of stiles, top

rails and bottom rails , width of each member

being not less than 5 cm.

Frame

Stile

Face Veneer

or Plywood

Solid core of

Particle BoardEdge of hard wood

or lipping

Solid Core Type Flush Door

S lid C T Fl h D


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Top Rail

Stile

Soft wood

strips or

laminated

core pieces

A

Cross Band

Face Veneer

or Plywood

Bottom Rail

ELEVATION

Definitions:Flush Doors Have Pleasing Appearance ,

Simple Construction ,High Strength And

Durability And Cost Less As Compared With

Panelled Doors. Flush Door Shutter Consists

Of A Solid Or Semisolid Framed Skeleton

Covered On Both Faces With Either Plywood

Or A Combination Of Cross Bands And FaceVeneers Giving Perfectly Flush And Joint

Less Surface .

In Solid Core Type Flush Doors The Wooden

Frame Used For Holding The Core Consists

Of Stiles, Top Rails And Bottom Rails , Width

Of Each Member Being Not Less Than 5 Cm.

Fra

meFace

veneer or

Ply Wood

Stile

Soft wood strips or

laminated core

pieces

Frame

Stile

Face veneer or

Ply Wood

Solid Core Type Flush Door

H ll C t Fl h d


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TOP RAIL

STYLE

BATTENS

INTERMEDIATE

RAIL

VOIDS

LOCK RAIL

CROSS BANDFACE VENEER

OR PLYWOOD

A

BOTTOM RAIL

ELEVATION

HOLLOW CORE TYPE FLUSH DOOR :-In This Type ,The Frame Consists Of Stiles ,TopRail ,Bottom Rails And Minimum Two Intermediate Rails-each Not Less Than 75mm. In

Width. The Space Between The Stiles And The Rails Is Divided By Fixing Wooden Battens

Not Less Than 25 Mm. In Width In Such A Manner That The Voids Are Equally Distributed

And Area Of Any Void Remains Less Than 50 Cm Sq . Instead Of Battens ,Rolls Or Strips Of

Veneers Can Also Be Used For Forming Core. Plywood Sheets Or Combination Of Cross-

bands And Face Veneers Are Then Glued Under Pressure On Both Faces Of The Core .The

Thickness Of Plywood Used Should Not Be Less Than 6 Mm. In This Type Of Shutter.

ENLARGE VIEW OF HORIZONTAL SECTION

Frame

Style FACE VENEER OR PLYWOOD

EDGE OF HARD WOOD OR LIPPING

FRAME

VOIDS

FACE VENEER OR

PLYWOOD

STILE

BATTENS

EDGE OF HARD WOOD OR LIPPING

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Hollow Core type Flush door

Fly

proof Door


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ELEVATION VERTICAL SECTION

Frame

75×125mm

Lock Rail

35X150

Paneled

Door

This Type Of Door Is Used To Check The Entry Of Flies, Mosquitoes ,

Insects Etc. Into The Room And To Allow Free Circulation Of Air At TheSame Time. The Door Consists Of Timber Framework Of Vertical Stiles

And Horizontal Rails And The Opening Of The Panels Are Fitted With

Fine-mesh Galvanized Wire Gauge. The G.I Wire Is Fixed By Use Of

Nails And Timber Beading. Generally The Door Opening In Such A Case

Is Provided With Double Shutters. The Shutter Opening Inside The Room

Is Paneled Whereas The Fly Proof Or Wire Gauge Shutter Open Outside

The Room Or Wise Versa.

Frame(75×125)

Hold Fast

Wooden Panel

10 mm

Stile

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Fly-proof Door:-

Fly-proof Door

Revolving Door


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Styles

Glazing

Outside

Inside

Rubber Piece

Glazing

ELEVATIONDefinition:Revolving Door Provides Entrance On One Side And Exit On The Other Side

Simultaneously Keeping The Opening Automatically Classed When Not In

Use. The Door Essentially Consists Of Four Leaves Radially Attached Central

Member Is Provided With Ball-bearing At The Bottom And Bush Bearing At

The Top So As To Enable The Door To Revolve Smoothly Without Producing

Jerk.

Revolving Door

Sliding Door Elevation


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DOOR OPENING BRACKETS

TRACK

FRAME

FRAME

CHANNEL TRACKSHUTTER

FLOOR FINISH

WALL

Sliding Door Elevation

Sliding Door Vertical Section


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LINTEL

OPENING

CHANNEL TRACK

BALL-BEARING

SHUTTER

TROLLEY

BRACKET

Sliding Door Vertical Section

Sliding Door Detail Plan


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Opening

Opening

Opening

Definition:- This Type Of Door Is Suitable

For Shops, Sheds, Go-downs, Garage Etc.And In Places Where The Use Of Hinges For

Fixing The Shutter Is To Be Avoided.

Depending Upon The Size Of The Opening ,

And The Space Available On Either Side, The

Door Can Have Single, Double Or More

Number Of Leaves Or Shutters. The Door Is

Provided With Top And Bottom Guide Rails

Or Runners Within Which The ShuttersSlide. The Guide Rails Run Past The Opening

For A Distance Equal To The Width Of The

Shutter So That When The Door Is Required

To Be Opened, The Door Shutter Occupies A

New Position Parallel To The Wall Face And

Clear Off The Opening. The Shutters Are

Also Provided With Locking Arrangements,

Handles, Stopper Etc.

Sliding Door Detail Plan

Swing Door


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ELEVATION

Frame

100×75mm

35 Mm Thick

Flush Shutter

VERTICAL SECTION

Definitions: -The Type Of Door Is Generally Provided In Passages Of

Buildings Like Offices, Banks Etc. The Door May Have Single

Shutter Or Two Shutters. The Shutters Are Fixed With Special

Hinges Known As Double Action Hinges Which Hold The Shutter

In The Closed Position When Not In Use.

Swing Door

Contrast


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Contrast –

contrast Is A Point Of Focus Or Interruption . It MarksThe Location In A Composition Which Strongly Draw The

Viewers Attention. In Any Composition There Is A Primary(a

Main Focus) And A Secondary Focus. Contrast, Dominance And

Emphasis Are All One In A Composition. Another Word For

Contrast Is SURPRISE

Contrast

Single complementary color scheme



Split complementary color scheme

Composition Project


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Front View Isometric View Top View

Composition Project

Composition Project


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Front View Isometric View Top View

Composition Project

Stairs


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Stairs

Dog Legged Stairs:-

It consist of two straightflights of step with abrupt

turn between them. A

level landing is placed

across the two flights at

the change of direction.

Stairs


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Durian Plan 2D


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Outer Dimensions

Durian Plan 2D

Ground Floor Plan


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Movement : Movement is the process of relocation of objects in space over time


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Movement Through Colour

Movement Through Shape

(Shape Contour )

Movement Through Line Thickness

Movement of eye from Bright(Green) to Light(White).

Contrast creates movement

Movement : Movement is the process of relocation of objects in space over time


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Movement Through Texture

Movement Through GradationMovement Through Lines

Movement Through Repetition


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Thank you

Basic Assignment

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