Base your answers to questions through on the information ... · B)is needed to justify the sample...

Earth's Shape, Structure, Spheres, Interior, Atmosphere, % Composition Review

Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

A human gene contains the following DNA base sequence: ACGCCCACCTTA

The gene mutated. It then contained the following DNA base sequence: ACGCGCACCTTA

A) protein B) starch C) fat D) sugar

1. The amino acids bond together to form which type of complex molecule?

A) addition B) deletion C) inversion D) substitution

2. Which type of mutation is represented in the new gene?

3. Then, using the Universal Genetic Code Chart, record the amino acid sequence that is coded for by themRNA codons you placed in the table.


4. In the table below, record the mRNA codons coded for by the DNA base sequence of the mutated geneACGCGCACCTTA.

A) A and B B) B and C C) E and F D) H and M

5. The diagram below represents evolutionary pathways of seven groups of organisms alive today.

Which two living species would be expected to have the most similar proteins?

6. Base your answer to question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

An unknown sample of DNA found at a crime scene was compared to DNA samples taken fromthree individuals. The results of the technique used to compare the samples are represented below.

What factor causes the DNA fragments to move in this technique?

A) comparing the shapes of plant leavesB) separating mixtures of plant pigmentsC) comparing habitats of different plantsD) separating individual DNA fragments of plants

7. Paper chromatography is a method used in


8. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

Scientists attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships between three different finchspecies, A, B, and C. In order to do this, they examined the physical characteristics and DNA ofthese species. DNA was extracted from all three species and analyzed using gel electrophoresis.The results are shown in the diagram.

A) Examine the structure of the beaks and compare them.B) Observe behavioral and physical characteristics of all the finches and group them by similarities.C) Obtain molecular evidence from all three species and identify similarities.D) Compare common ancestors of all three of the species to see if they are the same.

Which statement best describes the method used above to determine the evolutionary relationshipsbetween three species of finches?

A) remove waste products faster B) store excess glucose in musclesC) reduce the amount of ATP produced D) convert more oxygen to glucose

9. During periods of vigorous physical activity, a person's breathing and heart rates increase. Thisenables the cells of the body to perform more efficiently because it helps the cells to

A) serves as the conclusion for the experimentB) is needed to justify the sample sizeC) serves as a control for the experimentD) is needed to formulate a hypothesis

10. In an experiment to determine the effect of exercise on pulse rate, a student checks his pulse ratebefore and after exercising for several minutes. The purpose of checking his pulse rate beforeexercising is that it

11. To determine the effect of fatigue on the action of muscles, each of five boys was given a 12-cmclothespin and each of five girls was given a 10-cm clothespin. The students squeezed the clothespinsfor 30 seconds and recorded the results. After the first trial, the girls rested and the boys jogged inplace for 1 minute. A second trial was then done to determine how many times each student couldsqueeze the clothespin in 45 seconds. Identify one error in the design of this experiment.


Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

Caretakers at a zoo are trying to determine which of two male tigers fathered the newest cub.They obtained DNA from the tiger cub, the mother tiger, and the two male tigers. The DNA wasanalyzed. The results of the analysis are shown below.

A) genetic engineering B) electrophoresisC) chromatography D) protein synthesis

12.The technique used to separate the DNA for analysis is

13. Which male tiger is the father of the newborn cub? Support your answer.

Male tiger: ________________

A) A B) B C) C D) D

14. A class is recording pulse rates of the students in a data table like the one shown below.

One student checks his pulse and counts 23 beats over a time interval of 20 seconds. In which row inthe data table should the pulse rate of this student be recorded?


A) B)

C) D)

15. A student is opening and closing clothespins as part of a lab activity. The student begins to experiencemuscle fatigue, and the rate at which the student is opening and closing the clothespins slows. Whichgraph best represents the relationship between time and number of clothespin squeezes?

Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the information and data table below and on yourknowledge of biology.

A group of students obtained the following data while trying to determine the effect of exercise onpulse rate.

A) respiratory and immune B) digestive and endocrineC) respiratory and circulatory D) immune and circulatory

16. Which two body systems were most actively involved in this experiment?


A) Pulse rates in beats per minute decrease for all people after exercise.B) Student A most likely exercises regularly.C) The pulse rate of student C was dangerously low.D) The pulse rate of student F increased by 30 beats per minute.

17. Which statement is an example of an observation the students could have made?

Base your answers to questions 18 through 20 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

A student designed an experiment to investigate a claim that athletes would have lower heartrates than nonathletes during exercise. After the students classified themselves as an athlete or anonathlete, their resting pulses were determined. Then all the students performed the sameexercise for four minutes and their heart rates were determined by recording the pulse rate in beatsper minute. The students continued to measure their pulse rates for an additional four minutes. Theaverage heart rate per minute for each group was determined. The data were recorded, as shownon the table below.

A) disregarding any data that don't fit the hypothesisB) with a larger number of athletes and nonathletesC) comparing the heart rates and breathing rates of males and femalesD) with the athletes doing different exercises than the nonathletes

18. To improve the validity of the conclusion reached in this experiment, the students should repeat theexperiment

A) After exercise, the nonathletic students had a lower heart rate than the athletic students.B) After exercise, the heart rates of the athletic students returned to resting pulse in four minutes.C) During exercise, both groups of students had the same increase above their resting pulse.D) During exercise, the athletic students had a higher heart rate than the nonathletic students.

19. Which statement is best supported by the data in the chart?

20. State one appropriate hypothesis for this experiment.


Base your answers to questions 21 through 23 on the diagram below that shows variations in thebeaks of finches in the Galapagos Islands and on your knowledge of biology.

21. The number of small tree finches is increasing on an island inhabited by a large population of smallground finches. State one reason why the population of small ground finches has not been affected bythe increasing number of small tree finches.

22. In certain years, the Galapagos plants produce many tube-shaped flowers rich in nectar. Identify thefinch that is best adapted to feed on the nectar within those flowers. Support your answer.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

23. Which row correctly pairs a finch species with its primary nutritional role and bill type?

A) mating behavior B) nesting materialC) niche D) predator

24. On various Galapagos islands, finch species have different diets: seeds, insects, flowers, the blood ofseabirds, and leaves. This is evidence that each species has a different


Base your answers to questions 25 through 27 on the diagram below, which shows the evolution ofHawaiian Honey Creepers from a common ancestor. As their ancestors spread to new islands, theyfound a variety of different food sources. Gradually, behaviors and beak structures evolved that tookadvantage of these different food sources, resulting in the formation of several new species.

25. Some of the birds that could not compete with the honey creepers were successful living on otherislands. State one reason why this could be possible.

26. Other types of birds arrived at the islands, but they found it difficult to compete with the many formsof honey creepers. Explain why the honey creepers were able to compete so successfully against thenew arrivals.

27. Describe how the beaks of the bird species D, E, F, and J that eat fruits and seeds differ from thebeaks of the bird species that eat only nectar.

28. Identify or describe one tool used in "The Beaks of Finches" lab, and explain why the special featuresof this beak represented either an advantage or a disadvantage in the competition.


Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

29. A person expressed concern that the vegetarian finch may face greater competition when other finchpopulations increase. State whether the vegetarian finch will face competition if the populations ofwarbler finches, woodpecker finches, and mangrove finches increase. Support your answer.

A) gene expression and asexual reproductionB) variation and natural selectionC) migration and the need to adaptD) heredity and a diet of seeds

30. The differences seen in the beaks of the four species of finches are most likely the result of

Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.The diagram represents three sections of a cell membrane showing three different methods involvedin the transport of various molecules across the membrane.

31. Using information from the diagram, state one reason why the movement of molecules in method C represents active transport.


A) ATP B) carbon dioxide C) light D) DNA

32. Methods A and B are classified as methods of passive transport because they do not require

A) The concentration of sucrose molecules increased as water molecules entered the bag. Thisconcentration increase pushed the liquid up the tube.

B) Water entered the bag due to the lower concentration of water inside. The extra water pushed theliquid up the tube as the bag filled.

C) Sucrose indicator entered the bag and reacted with the sucrose molecules. The reaction made thebag increase in size and pushed the liquid up the tube.

D) Sucrose molecules moved out of the bag and up the tube while water moved out, causing therise of liquid in the tube.

33. The diagram below represents a laboratory experiment involving sucrose and water molecules in acellophane bag which functions in the same way as dialysis tubing.

Which statement correctly explains the rise of liquid in the tube at the end of the experiment?

Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the diagram below, which represents the shrinking of acell in response to an increase in the concentration of a substance outside of the cell.

34. Identify one likely substance in the environment of the cell that caused this response.

35. Identify substance A.


A) Oxygen molecules entered the cell over time by active transport.B) Water molecules are too large to enter or leave the cell, so they remained where they were at the

start of the investigation.C) Protein molecules are kept inside of the cell because the cell needs them.D) The protein molecules are too large to diffuse out of the cell.

36. The diagram below represents the distribution of some molecules inside and outside of an artificialcell over a period of time.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

Base your answers to questions 37 and 38 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a cell and its changesas a result of two laboratory procedure. A and B.

37. Explain why procedure B has the opposite effect of procedure A.

38. Describe procedure A and explain why it would cause the change shown.


Base your answers to questions 39 and 40 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

Two models of a cell were made with dialysis tubing and placed in two beakers of fluid, A and B, each containing starch indicator solution, as represented in the diagram below. Enzyme Z wasadded to the artificial cell in beaker B. The solution outside each cell was tested for the presence ofsugar. Initially, no sugar was present in the solution outside each cell. The results after one hourare represented below.

39. How would the results have been different in beaker B if an enzyme that digests protein was usedinstead of enzyme Z?

40. State one reason for the color change in beaker A after one hour.

Base your answers to questions through on the information ... · B)is needed to justify the sample...

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