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Barry Williams 1
Welcome to Training and Welcome to Training and Development 518Development 518
Barry Williams Ph.D.
Fall Semester
Mondays 6 - 8:30 P.M.
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Barry Williams 2
TextbooksTextbooks
The Systematic Design of Instruction, Walter Dick , and Lou Carey. Fourth Edition, Harper, 1996
Essentials of Learning for Instruction, Robert M. Gagne, and Mary P. Driscoll. Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 1988
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Intro. to Instructional DesignIntro. to Instructional DesignDick & CareyDick & Carey
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Or
Is there a better way to train?
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Barry Williams 6
Traditional InstructionTraditional Instruction
Instructors Learners Textbooks Where teaching is
getting content from the text into the heads of learners
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Instruction: As a Instruction: As a SystematicSystematic ProcessProcess
Views every component of instruction (teacher, student materials, and learning environment) as crucial to successful learning
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Barry Williams 8
What is a system?What is a system?
A set of interrelated parts all working together toward a defined goal.
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How can a systems approach How can a systems approach improve instruction?improve instruction?
Allows you to look at– the learners, – the instructor, – the instructional materials, – and learning environment
To bring about increased learning.
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Rationale for using the Rationale for using the systems approachsystems approach
See the roles of all the components Control how they interact
– Reduces overemphasis on any one component
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Barry Williams 11
Dick & Carey ModelDick & Carey Model
Assess NeedsI.D.. Goals
ConductInstructionalAnalysis
Analyze Learners & Contexts
WritePerformance Objectives
DevelopmentAssessment Instrument
ReviseInstructions
DevelopInstructionalStrategy
Develop & SelectInstructionalMaterials
Design &ConductFormative Evaluation of Instruction
Design & ConductSummative Evaluation
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Components of the Systems Components of the Systems Approach ModelApproach Model
Determine Instructional Goal Analyze the Instructional Goal Analyze Learners & Contexts Write Performance Objectives Develop Assessment Instruments Develop Instructional Strategy
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More Components of the Systems More Components of the Systems Approach ModelApproach Model
Develop & Select Instruction Design & Conduct the Formative
Evaluation of Instruction Revise Instruction Conduct Summative Evaluation
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Reasons for the effectiveness Reasons for the effectiveness of a systematic approachof a systematic approach
Focus on what the learner is to know or do The process has a linkage between each
component– especially between instructional strategy and
learning outcomes It is an empirical & replicable process with
over 25 years of research evidence
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Types of Systematically Types of Systematically Designed InstructionDesigned Instruction
Programmed instruction Learning activity packages (LAPs) Modules
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Characteristics of an Characteristics of an Instructional ModuleInstructional Module
Learner interaction with material Usually self-instructional Has an integrated theme Provides information needed to acquire
specified knowledge & skill Only one component of the curriculum Has statement of objectives
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Systems Approach Is Systems Approach Is Appropriate for:Appropriate for:
Any instructional delivery system– It is the analysis and not the delivery mode that
determines the success of the instruction. Both individualized and group instruction
– Don’t confuse design process with delivery mode
Instructors, instructional designers, trainers Business, Industry, K-12 Ed., Higher Ed.