Barry Fisher, Conservation Agronomist NRCS, Indiana Email: [email protected] Jump Start Soil...
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![Page 1: Barry Fisher, Conservation Agronomist NRCS, Indiana Email: barry.fisher@in.usda.gov Jump Start Soil Reclamation with No-Till and Cover Crops Capturing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012317/56649e465503460f94b3b426/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Barry Fisher, Conservation Agronomist
NRCS, Indiana
Email: [email protected]
Jump Start Soil ReclamationJump Start Soil Reclamationwithwith
No-Till and Cover CropsNo-Till and Cover Crops
Capturing the Potential of
High Soil Quality!
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We Should Expect High Yields with High Residue Cropping Systems
Managing for Soil Quality Will Be Necessary
Are Initial Yields Sustainable ?Are Initial Yields Sustainable ?
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Reinvestments That Pay $
•Drainage systems
•Lime
•Cover Crops
Soil Quality!
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Reinvestments That Pay $
•Equipment
•Technology
•Buffers
Yield and efficiency!
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Poor Structure= Yield Loss
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Soil Nutrition
• Management of Base Cations Management of Base Cations Becomes More Important when soil is Becomes More Important when soil is disrupteddisrupted
• Ca- 70% Mg- 15% K- 3.5%Ca- 70% Mg- 15% K- 3.5%
• High Calcium Lime is preferred for no-High Calcium Lime is preferred for no-tilltill
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Soil Nutrition
• Each 1 % of O.M. contains:
10,000 lbs. of C
1000 lbs. of N
100 lbs. of P
100 lbs. of S
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Manage and Remove CompactionManage and Remove Compaction
Consider cover crops
→Maximize weight distribution
An in-line ripper may needed
Evaluate depth and extent
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Soil Quality = High Yield Potential
Biodiversity is the fastest way to high Soil Quality
• Biodiversity provides-Flexibility-Resilience-Resistance
• Above ground diversity is a mirror for below ground diversity.
• Getting root diversity (deep, fibrous, tap…) Helps you tap into nutrients that are otherwise unavailable.
Jill Clapperton2008 NNTC
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Diversify your cover
Brassicas and Oats
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Build and Maximize
Biology and Vertical
Structure
Soybean root following
previous root channel
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Drilled on Oct. 1 at 15 lbs./ac.
Roots down to 51” on April 8
Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop
DeSutter Farm-Fountain Co.
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Corn Roots down 70”+ in AugustCorn Roots down 70”+ in August
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•We can package a system of soil building practices!
No-TillNutrient Management
Cover Crops
Buffers
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IN FY08 EQIP = $ 19 million•Nutrient Management-
–$3 million
•Cover Crops- –$3 million
•No-Till/Strip-Till-– $3.4 million
•Waste Utilization- –$2 million
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EQIP Cover Crops – Acres per Year
Contracted
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IN FY09 EQIP = $ 11.4 million•Cover Crops- $2 million
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EQIP Cover Crops – % of Budget
Contracted
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Field Office Technical Guide(FOTG)
Section IVSection IV
Seeding ToolSeeding Tool
• Google- eFOTGGoogle- eFOTG• March 2009March 2009• ExcelExcel
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Create a Mix
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SARE-Managing Cover Crops Profitably
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SARE-Managing Cover Crops Profitably
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Cover Crops
• Year-round bio-mass production should be targeted.
• Sequester these gains with continuous No-Till/Strip-Till Systems
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How will you seed it?Manure plus Cover Crops
Tim Harrigan, MSU- Slurry Seeded OSR, Oriental Mustard, and other CCs.
Slurry seeded with dairy manure produced significantly higher total biomass
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How will you seed it?Air Seeder on a Harrow
•43’ swath at 10 mph•Fast•Cheap•Provides a random plant spacing
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How will you seed it?Fly it on
•Most flexible timing•Fast•$12-$16/ac•Provides a random plant spacing•Variable results?
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How will you seed it?Drill it
•Most time consuming•Slower•$12-$16/ac•Provides row plant spacing•Surest results
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COVER CROPTermination
• KILL IT EARLY! •KILL IT LATE!
EXPERTS AGREE
IT DEPENDS!
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COVER CROPTermination
• PLAN EARLY
• KILL TOUGH ONES EARLY• Ryegrass- April 1, or before “Jointing”
• MAXIMIZE TRANSLOCATION• Spray on Sunny Days (>55 degrees)• Use AMS with Low pH Water• Avoid antagonism• NO TRIAZINE• Use 10 Gallons of Water or Less • Apply Early in the Day ( quit by 2 PM)
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How will you Kill It?Herbicide…Avoid antagonism!
•Consider the modes of action
80
82
84
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88
90
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94
96
98
Gyphsate 22 oz. Glypho 22oz plusDegree xtra
King
Bounty
Marshall
% control Glyphosate 51%
Plumer 2006
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How will you Kill It?Herbicide…Avoid antagonism!
•Consider the modes of action
94
94
95
95
96
96
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98
98
Glyphosate 32 oz. Glyphosate 32 oz.plus Rimsulfuron
King
Bounty
Marshall
% control Glyphosate 41%
Plumer 2006
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No-Till
Planter set-up and maintenance is critical
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Spread the Weight!Spread the due…Residue!
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It’s best to use a systematic approach
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Reduced Inner Diameter (RID) Gage Wheel Tires
No-Till planter attachmentsNo-Till planter attachments
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Reduced Inner Diameter (RID) Gage Wheel Tires- right side
No-Till planter attachmentsNo-Till planter attachments
Significantly reduces the weight directly over the see slot
RID
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Walking Gage Wheels
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Seed Firmer
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Cover Crop Web Linkshttp://www.covercrops.msu.edu/http://www.covercrops.msu.edu/
http://www.sare.org/publications/http://www.sare.org/publications/
http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg/http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg/
http://www.mccc.msu.edu/http://www.mccc.msu.edu/
http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/regions/ag/http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/regions/ag/ag2.htmag2.htm