Barriers and Incentives for Deployment of Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage

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BARRIERS AND INCENTIVES FOR DEPLOYMENT OF CARBON CAPTURE UTILIZATION AND STORAGE Herbert Wheary Michael Karmis Gerald Hill Nino Ripepi Environmental Considerations in Energy Production September 21, 2015

Transcript of Barriers and Incentives for Deployment of Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage

Page 1: Barriers and Incentives for Deployment of Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage

BARRIERS AND INCENTIVES FOR DEPLOYMENT OF CARBON CAPTURE

UTILIZATION AND STORAGE Herbert Wheary

Michael KarmisGerald HillNino Ripepi

Environmental Considerations in Energy Production

September 21, 2015

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Benefits of CCUS          Controls emission of carbon dioxide • Utilization of CO2 helps offset cost of carbon capture

• Extends life of existing fossil plants, esp. coal• Helps maintain a diverse and balanced power generation portfolio

• Can enhance recovery of domestic oil and natural gas

• May provide a safer medium for fracking, etc.

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Why target the Investor Owned Utilities?

• Utility sector produces about 30% of CO2• IOUs are largest component of that sector• Already highly regulated • Historically highly dependent on coal• Generally inventive and responsive in achieving compliance

• Agenda to convert them to renewables

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Electric Utility Business Model• Investor-owned, publicly traded• Mostly monopolies with franchised areas• Generally vertically integrated• Highly regulated by: FERC, EPA, PUC, etc.• Very capital intensive • Long term planning and investments• Taxed similarly to other industries• Subject to transparency

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Public Utility Commission• State regulation of Public Service Companies• Protects the “Public Interest”• Seeks balance between consumers and utility• Usually composed of three or five “judges”• Uses a “quasi-judicial” process with public participation

• Utility investments subject to prior review• Determines cost recovery & earnings allowed for utilities (sets rates)

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Major factors to consider• Uncertainty• National Policy• Financial• Legal• State Regulatory• Technology & Timing• Competing Technologies & Fuels• Infrastructure• Environmental Regulations• Public Participation

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          Dealing with Barriers

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Factor: Uncertainty

Barrier/Impediment• Difficult for utilities and businesses to commit to 

CCUS due to multiple open issues

Incentive/Remedy• Resolve outstanding issues to create confidence and 

enable decision making on CCUS

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Dealing with Uncertainty

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Factor: National Policy

Barrier:• Lack of settled national policy on CO2 emission limits and controls

Incentive:• Work for reasonable CPP and SIP that embodies banking and trading of emission credits and allows time for CCUS to mature

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The Carrot and Stick Approach to Incentives

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Factor: Financial Barrier/Impediment:• High capital and unknown O&M costs• Gap between capture & transport cost, and its value to user• Possibly complex business structures

Incentive/Remedy:• Grants and cost sharing• Cost recovery from CO2 sales• State or local government bonds• Tax credits and exemptions• Assurance of recovery through electric rates• Sale of carbon credits or allowances

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More Barriers

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Factor: Legal

Barrier:• Unresolved questions of ownership, liability and risks

Incentive:• States should enact legislation clarifying/assigning ownership & liability until national policy in place 

• Support uniform national policy

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Factor: State Regulatory Policy

Barrier:• Risk of PUC disapproval of CCUS project or denial of 

cost recovery via ratesIncentive:• Make case for importance of coal in a balanced 

energy portfolio• State legislation could guarantee cost recovery for 

IOUs and other incentives for CCUS to reduce risk

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Compliance Timing is Critical

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Factor: Technology & Timing

Barrier:• Immaturity of emerging CCUS technologies and likely early CPP compliance dates

Incentive:• Work to extend compliance dates in CPP/SIP• Accelerate and proliferate scaled-up demos by providing  federal grants and state support for cost sharing

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Competing Energy Sources

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Factor: Competing technologies and Fuels

Barrier:• Replacement of existing coal capacity by gas, etc. • Alternatives to CCUS, especially renewables

Incentive:• Work to target and reserve the coal units most 

suitable for CCUS• Provide RPS-type incentives via legislation giving 

CCUS parity with other low carbon options

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Factor: Infrastructure

Barrier:• Need for suitable user for CO2 for EOR/EGR and pipelines or other means for delivery

Incentive:• Support business model that includes incentives that facilitate third party as CO2 user and facilitates CO2 pipeline routing and permitting

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Factor: Other Environmental Regulations

Barrier:• Concern for impact of CO2 injection and possible  contaminants from CCUS used for EOR/EGR

Incentive:• EPA already has rules in place under UIC• Develop/support long-term monitoring

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Factor: Public Participation

Barrier:• Activists and others may intervene in opposition to CCUS 

and the continued use of fossil fuels• Utilities are subject to public scrutiny

Incentive:• Accelerate large-scale demos to develop track record • Use outreach and education to convey 

understanding and benefits of project• Rally stakeholders and communities in support of 

CCUS

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ConclusionThe NRDC calls CCUS a “win-win-win”BUT…• CPP compliance may be needed before CCUS is ready• Decommissioning of coal units reduces opportunities• Abundant natural gas and cheap oil blunt incentives• Large scale CCUS demos are needed now• Other barriers must be addressed• States need to play a larger role• Objective: reduce risk and UNCERTAINTY• The barriers can be overcome

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Barriers can be broken!

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BARRIERS AND INCENTIVES FOR DEPLOYMENT OF CARBON CAPTURE

UTILIZATION AND STORAGE Herbert Wheary

[email protected] [email protected]

Gerald [email protected]

Nino [email protected]