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2007 Baseline Socio-Economic Survey of Brgy. Nagkaisang Nayon, Quezon City______________________________________________________________________

Table of Contents

Table of ContentsList of TablesExecutive Summary

I. IntroductionA. Background and RationaleB. ObjectivesC. Methodology

The Research DesignThe Interview ScheduleEncoding, Cleaning and Data Processing

II. Survey ResultsA. Demographic Profile of Whole PopulationB. Household ProfileC. Living Conditions

1. Access to Water2. Access to Sanitation3. Security of Tenure4. Durability of Housing5. Sufficiency of Living Space6. Environmental Management7. Access to Other Basic Services

D. Income and Expenses

III. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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---- LIST OF TABLES ----

Table. 1. Weighted Distribution of Respondents Per Area

Table 2. Sex Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Table 3. Average Age of the Whole Population of Household Members

Table 4. Age Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members by Sex

Table 5. Civil Status Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Table 6. Civil Status Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members Who Are 18 Years Old and Above

Table 7. Disability Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Table 8. Percentage of Birth Registration of the Whole Population of Household Members

Table 9. Membership in Social Security Schemes (18 and above)

Table 10. Employment Status of Household Members Who Are 15 to 65 Years Old

Table 11. Employment Status of Household Members Who Are 15 to 65 Years Old (by Sex)

Table 12. Comparative Labor Force Participation Rate

Table 13. Individual Monthly Income (15-65 Years Old)

Table 14. Educational Attainment (15-65 Years Old.)

Table 15. Educational Attainment and Income (5-65 Years Old)

Table 16. Household Head Distribution by Sex

Table 17. Average Unmet Need for Family Planning

Table 18. Average Length of Stay in Present Address Per Cluster


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Table 19. Distribution According to the Year Households Started Living in Present Address

Table 20. Distribution of Households According to Percentage of Income Spent on Water

Table 21. Distribution of Households According to Clarity, Smell and Taste of Water

Table 22. Distribution of Households According to Type of Water Connection

Table 23. Distribution of Households According to Type of Toilet

Table 24. Distribution of Households According to Type of Septic Tank

Table 25. Distribution of Households According to Ownership of Land

Table 26. Distribution of Non-owner Households According to Whether They Are in the Process of Land Acquisition or Not

Table 27. Distribution of Households Who Are in Process According to the Mode of Acquisition

Table 28. Distribution of Households in Private Land According to Whether they Have Permission or Not

Table 29. Distribution of Households in Public Land According to Whether they Have Permission or Not

Table 30. Distribution of Households According to Experience of Demolition/Eviction in the Past 5 Years

Table 31. Distribution of Households According to Perception of Possibility of Demolition/Eviction in the Next 5 Years

Table 32. Distribution of Households According to Membership in a Land and Housing Organization and Status of Membership

Table 33. Distribution of Households According to Type of Location

Table 34. Distribution of Households According to Type of Materials Used for House Construction and Condition of the House

Table 35. Compliance With Building Regulations

Table 36. Knowledge of Disaster Preparation Measures

Table 37. Percentage of Households with Adequate House Area


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Table 38. Percentage of Households with Adequate House and Sleeping Area

Table 39. Percentage of Households with Adequate House and Sleeping Area such that No More Than 4 Persons Are Sleeping in an Open Space or Room

Table 40. Mode of Disposing Solid Waste

Table 41. Frequency of Collection Solid Waste

Table 42. Distribution According to the Type of Canal and Sufficiency During Rainy Days

Table 43. Access to MERALCO and Exclusivity of Access

Table 44. Knowledge of Availability of Livelihood Projects by Provider

Table 45. Availability of Nearby Health Centers

Table 46. Availability of Health Services by Type of Service

Table 47. Availability of and Sufficiency Quantity of Medicine

Table 48. Households With 0-6 Year Old Children Who Are Underweight

Table 49. Infant Mortality and Maternal Deaths

Table 50. Availability of Nearby Educational Institutions

Table 51. Availability of Nearby Market Places

Table 52. Availability of Alternatives to Market Places

Table 53. Construction of Sidewalks

Table 54. Perception of the Peace and Order Situation in the Community

Table 55. Households with Members Who Were Victimized by Crimes

Table 56. Ranking of the Most Important Issues for the Households

Table 57. Experience of Hunger

Table 58. Average Monthly Household Income and Total Other Income

Table 59. Comparative Matrix of Per Capita Poverty Threshold


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Table 60. Comparative Table of Average Annual Household Income

Table 61. Average Annual Household Income Per Cluster

Table 62. Average Monthly Household Income Per Cluster (ranked from the highest)


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---- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ----

Barangay Nagkaisang Nayon is one of the two barangays in District II of Quezon City (the other one being Payatas) chosen to be part of the City Soul Project which aims to build a database of pertinent socio-economic data that can be used for development planning at the barangay level. In fact, the data in this paper has been presented to various stakeholders in Nagkaisang Nayon as input for their barangay development planning in November of 2007.

METHODOLOGY

Sampling. This is not a census but a sample survey. The total household population (2,000 HHs) used as basis for the sample size is limited to households in identified urban poor areas whether organized or not. The identification was done with the help of the barangay chairperson’s office. For a Confidence Level of 95% and a Confidence Interval of 5% a sample size of 323 households was needed.

Survey. The survey was done in August 2007 in eighteen (18) identified urban poor areas through a weighted distribution method. Face-to-face interviews using an eight-page questionnaire was used.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY RESULTS

Demographic Profile of Whole Population. There is almost equal distribution between the sexes and the average age of 23.6 years is comparable to those in other areas.

Together, the children (36.7%) and youth (31.8%) sector form more than two-thirds of the population that is why the percentage of those who are single is also quite high (57.6%). Almost all are registered in the birth registry. The percentage of persons with disabilities is almost zero.

Membership in social security schemes is very low even for government-initiated Philhealth which is supposed to be the cheapest health insurance scheme available.

A big percentage (49.0%) of the working age population (15 – 65 years old) is not working. Most of who are women. This labor force participation rate (51%) is very low compared to the national figures (63.6%).


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Average individual monthly income is quite low at Php3,695. This not unexpected considering that educational attainment level is also very low with only 7.6% having a bachelor’s degree and only 37.4% having high school diploma, which is the minimum that most employers require.

The study confirms what we all know - that indeed income and educational attainment are positively and directly correlated. In other words, the higher the educational attainment, the higher the income.

Significantly, however, the study also shows that having vocational skills contribute to the level of income as shown by the fact that those who graduated from vocational courses rank second after college graduates in terms of average income.

Household Profile. The average household size is 4.9 members and more than two-thirds are male-headed households. In general, the families want more children than they actually have now. Thus, there is very little unmet need for family planning services.

Many are recent migrants. In fact, 41.4% settled in their present address after 2000. The average length of stay in present address is 12.9 years while the average length of stay in Quezon City is 16.2 years.

Living Conditions. The seven indicators for which data was gathered is based on the Millennium Development Goals, Target 11 Indicators which was initially used in Holy Spirit and Baesa. Generally, the data shows that much needs to be done in Nagkaisang Nayon in most of the components.

Access to Water. There are three components to this indicator. In terms of affordability a very large percentage of households (90.7%) have access to affordable water. In terms of quality, 93.1% have access to water that is clean, clear and odorless. However, only about a third (35.9%) have their own water connections from MWSS. So the third component is inadequate for most households.

Access to Sanitation. This indicator has two components. For the first component which is access to sanitary toilets, most families (90.7%) do have access to such sanitary toilets. However, the figure (64.7%) is much lower for the second component which is access to a private all-concrete septic tank .

Security of Tenure. The are four components for this indicator. The data show that less than half of households (39.6%) owners of or are in the process of acquiring ownership of land.

The second component - which is de facto protection from eviction - is adequate for almost all households (96.0%). The same is true for the third component - perception of protection from eviction - which is adequate for 94.1% of households.


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The last component however is severely wanting because less than half of households (44.3%) are organized, that is, actively exercising their membership.

Durability of Housing. Among the four components of this indicator, it is the first component (location of houses in safe areas) that is least problematic with 84.2% of households living in safe areas. However, the next two components (quality of housing materials and compliance with building code) paint a different picture. Only a little more than one-third (39.6%) of households have houses that are made of permanent materials that are not in need of major repair. Worse, less than a tenth (9.6%) complied with the building code.

The only consolation is that disaster preparedness (for flood, fires, earthquakes which could easily destroy low-quality non-compliant houses) is quite high at 77.4%.

Sufficiency of Living Space. The only component to this indicator is overcrowding and the study shows that there is overcrowding (and therefore insufficient living space) in 43.4% of households.

Environmental Management. There are two components to this indicator. The figure in terms of the first component (proper disposal of solid waste) is quite good with almost all (97.5%) households reporting that their garbage is being collected regularly by garbage trucks. However, most families are wanting in the second component with only a third (34.1%) of families saying that the drainage system in their neighborhood is adequate.

Access to Other Basic Services. In terms of access to electricity, only a little more than half (59.8%) have electric meters of their own.

Access to health services is also not sufficient because while most have access to health centers (78.9%) only less than one-third (31.6%) of those who needed medicine for common sickness are able to get medicine in sufficient quantity.

In terms of geographical access to educational institutions, the figures are also quite low especially for high school (37.8%). There are no vocational schools.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Ensure Youth Participation. Given its young population, it is important that any socio-economic program of the barangay address problems of the children and the youth. To know what these other problems are, it is important to ensure their participation in the planning of development strategies.


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Reach Out to Persons with Disability. The percentage of persons with disabilities is surprisingly small. Perhaps, it may in fact be higher and the low rate of reporting maybe due to the stigma that is usually attached to the problem. Thus, the barangay may find other means of reaching out to them.

Increase Membership in Social Security Schemes. Membership in social security schemes is very low even for government-initiated Philhealth. It is important that urban poor families be enrolled considering that they are prone to health hazards that are likely to wipe out instantly any economic gains they might make.

Increase Employment and Livelihood Opportunities. A big percentage of the working age population is not working. Thus employment opportunities must be increased. But considering that most of whom are women, a significant way of substantially increasing labor force participation rate is to target the women by increasing employment opportunities appropriate for them.

It is important to increase the employment rate to also increase the household income considering that the average annual household income for Nagkaisang Nayon is almost only half of the average for NCR 2. Increasing income will allow households to address their other basic needs as well.

Increase Access to Vocational Education. Average individual monthly income is quite low because educational attainment level is also very low. An effective intervention is increasing access to vocational education. Why? The study shows that having vocational skills contribute to the level of income as shown by the fact that those who graduated from vocational courses rank second after college graduates in terms of average income.

The policy implication seems to be that vocational courses which are relatively cheaper than going to college should be made available as a cheap but effective intervention in raising incomes. Moreover, not only does it take less time to complete but is also open to most people even those of more advanced age who no longer find it practical to go back to traditional school.

Household Profile.

Study and Regulate Migration. Many are recent migrants. Perhaps, this phenomenon of recent migration should be studied or regulated because such unexpected and unregulated waves of migration will affect the ability of the barangay government to provided services that, as it is, are already wanting.

Living Conditions.

Generally, the data shows that much needs to be done in Nagkaisang Nayon in most of the components.


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Increase Access to Exclusive Connection to the MWSS. Affordability and Quality is not much of a problem. What needs to be greatly improved is the number of households who have their own water connections from MWSS. Improving this component will decrease the time and effort spent by households on getting water. The time and effort saved can then be channeled to other productive activities. This will also improve affordability (the first component).

Teach Households to Build Private All-Concrete Septic Tanks. While most families have access to sanitary toilets fewer have access to a sewerage system (private all-concrete septic tank). There are many ways by which cheap all concrete septic tanks can be built and there are organizations that offer training on this.

Aggressively Organize Households. The survey data show that less than half of households are owners of the land hey are staying on or are in the process of acquiring ownership of land. This might be explained by the fact that only about half of households are organized. Thus, the unorganized households must be organized first.

Also, once organized for housing, the families can then use their newly created organizational strength to deal with other community concerns as well. Thus, among all the recommendations here, this is probably the most important recommendation and the first step that must be undertaken. It will make the interventions for the other aspects easier.

Encourage Households to Use Strong Materials. The surveys results show a dangerous combination of large percentage of houses wanting in quality and widespread non-compliance with building relations. Thus, a campaign to encouraged households to use strong materials and to comply with building regulations may be done. After all, the best way of prevent disasters is to build sturdy and regulations-compliant housing structures.

Proper ventilation and Family Planning. There is overcrowding in 43.4% of households. Overcrowding in a house is crucial because of the fact that it affects the health of the occupants.

But it is difficult to recommend anything to truly solve this problem of overcrowding. In fact, even formal settlements are beset with this problem. For now, all that they can do is to create good ventilation in the house (by making bigger windows for example) to counter the effects of overcrowding on the internal environment of the house. And perhaps, families should be encouraged to adopt family planning methods to lessen the number of children.

Build more drainage systems with sufficient capacity to handle rainwater. Only a third of families saying that the drainage system in their neighborhood is adequate. This is one very concrete project that the barangays can undertake as a much-needed infrastructure instead of building not-so-needed infrastructure like waiting sheds etc.


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Increase access to exclusive access electricity. There are any advantages to having one’s own electricity connection. First, it is cheaper than buying from a neighbor. Second, it is also safer than having multiple users for only one meter. Thirdly, having electricity allows one to undertake economic activities that can augment the family’s meager income.

Build more health centers that have enough supply of medicine for common illnesses. Access to health services is also not sufficient because not all have access to health centers and only less than one-third of those who needed medicine for common sickness are able to get medicine in sufficient quantity.

Due to the physical characteristics of their environment, residents of urban poor areas, are prone to sickness. Thus it is important that they have access to health centers. Also, they must have access to sufficient quantities of medicine for at least the most common sicknesses because such common sickness if left untreated can turn serious.

Build more educational institutions especially day care, high schools and vocational schools. The number of accessible day care centers is very low especially when compared to Payatas. Day care centers are important because they provide the first step in the ladder of education.

Physical access to high school is also important because many employers require applicants for work to have at least a high school diploma. If schools are far, it will prevent children from going to school. Again, this inability to send children to school will also have implications on the ability of the household to sustain itself economically in the long term.


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I. INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

Barangay Nagkaisang Nayon is one of the two barangays in District II of Quezon City (the other one being Payatas) chosen to be part of the City Soul Project which aims to build a database of pertinent socio-economic data that can be used for development planning at the barangay level. In fact, the data in this paper has been presented to various stakeholders in Nagkaisang Nayon as input for their barangay development planning in November of 2007.

Why Quezon City and why the two barangays?

Quezon City, as we all know, is one of the biggest cities in the Philippines in terms of size and population. It is also one of the most urbanized. Thus, it is beset with the problems that usually come with urbanization such as poverty and homelessness. In fact, Quezon City has the highest population of urban poor households in the whole country. Thus, in term s of magnitude and incidence of poverty, it makes sense that Quezon City should be priority in terms of any anti-poverty interventions. Among its many districts, it is District 2 that is home to most of this urban poor population. Thus, the focus should be on this district. Moreover, many of the PHILSAA members operate in this district. Thus, we are assured that the study would be used by them and not end up as just another useless survey.

In the initial planning for the study, other barangays were chosen as the pilot sites for the survey because, again, the magnitude of poverty in those barangays were the worst. Barangay Payatas, although home to a huge population of urban poor, was initially excluded because many interventions have been done in the area and it has been “over studied”. Moreover, the research team was highly wary of the politicized atmosphere in the barangay that might low the research down, a fear that later proved to be unfounded. (The barangay chairman in fact helped make the survey easier for the team.) Thus, the magnitude of poverty in Payatas prevailed and it was chosen.

The other barangays were excluded for good because surveys have been done in them or were about to be undertaken in some of them. Thus, Nagkaisang Nayon was chosen although the magnitude of poverty is not comparatively bad. Also, a PHILSSA member has undertaken activities in one of the urban poor clusters in the barangay and it would be useful to it if a more barangay-wide survey could be done.

METHODOLOGY

The Research Design


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The survey was not a census survey. Rather, a sampling method was employed. In other words, only a sample was surveyed from the total population.

From a total population of 2,000 households identified as living in urban poor clusters, a sample size of 323 households was obtained. Such sample size corresponds to a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of 5%1.

A two-stage probability sampling was employed. The first stage involved the weighted distribution of the 323 households among the 18 clusters identified as poor areas by the Barangay Officials themselves. This weighted distribution method means that the bigger the number of households in a cluster, the bigger will be the number of respondents from such area. The table below shows the distribution of respondents per area.

Table. 1. Weighted Distribution of Respondents Per Area

Area Respondents

San Antonio Vill. 70General Luis 5

Riverside 53Dormitory P2 33Pulong Gubat 9Unang Lingap 12

Imelda 9Dormitory P3 24

Pasacola A 23Pasacola B 9Pasacola C 3Pasacola D 17

Goldmin Ext 8Dormitory P1 14

1 The Confidence Interval is the plus-or-minus figure usually reported in newspaper or television opinion poll results. For example, if you use a confidence interval of 4 and 47% percent of your sample picks an answer, you can be "sure" that if you had asked the question of the entire relevant population between 43% (47-4) and 51% (47+4) would have picked that answer.

The Confidence Level on the other hand tells you how sure you can be. It is expressed as a percentage and represents how often the true percentage of the population who would pick an answer lies within the confidence interval. The 95% confidence level means you can be 95% certain; the 99% confidence level means you can be 99% certain. Most researchers use the 95% confidence level.

When you put the two together, you can say that you are 95% sure that the true percentage of the population is between 43% and 51%.


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Roxas Compound 9Torres Village 8

Robina 8Josefina 9

Total 323

Map of Nagkaisang Nayon showing the 18 Urban Poor Clusters and other landmarks

This study used the descriptive research design where face-to-face interviews of respondents were done using an 8-page interview schedule (survey questionnaire) to cull information.

The Interview Schedule

The questionnaire is largely based on the instrument used by ALTERPLAN in its own Barangay Monitoring Millenium Development Goal 7:11 Project in Barangays Baesa and Holy Spirit in District 2 of Quezon City where Brgy Nagkaisang Nayon is also


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located. This was intended to make possible a common framework for analysis of survey data and to allow for comparison locally and internationally.

The original instrument was then revised through a series of meetings among members of the research team as well as NGOs working in the District 2. The revisions sought to make the instrument more appropriate to the local context and to integrate questions that will capture the kind of information that the NGOs working in the area want to be culled order to assist them in their present and future interventions. Thus, some questions from the original ALTERPLAN instrument were removed while new ones were added.

The questionnaire was divided into two main parts. Part I is the Household Information and Part II is the Target 11 Information. Part II is further divided into 7 subsections corresponding to the 7 socio-economic variables patterned from the Millennium Development Goals, Target 11 Indicators: 1. Access to Water, 2. Access to Sanitation, 3. Security of Tenure, 4. Durability of Housing, 5. Sufficiency of Living Space, 6. Environmental Management, and 7. Access to Other Basic Services.

A copy of the interview schedule is attached as index at the end of this volume.Encoding, Cleaning and Data Processing

The data culled from the interviews were encoded, cleaned, decoded and processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS, one of the more popular programs used for socio-economic surveys.


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II. SURVEY RESULTS

A. Demographic Profile of Whole Population

Sex Distribution

The distribution of the whole population between the sexes is more or less equal with only slightly more males than females. This reflects the national figures as well as the results for Payatas.

Table 2. Sex Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Frequency Percent

Male 815 51.5

Female 768 48.5

Total 1583 100.0

Age

The average age of 23.6406 years shows a population that is very young. This also reflects national figures and the results of other surveys done. For instance, the average age in the KAMANAVA area (also in Metro Manila) is 23.86 years while that of Payatas (see other volume on Payatas) is 23.43 years.

Table 3. Average Age of the Whole Population of Household Members

N Minimum Maximum Mean

Age of member 1583 .00 86.00 23.6406

The age distribution shows that the Children and Youth sectors, together, form more than two-thirds (68.5%) of the population (see Table 4 below). This further proves how young the total population of household members is. As such, it is crucial that any development program also address the needs of this sector.


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Table 4. Age Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members by Sex

Sex of Member TotalMale Female

Children(1-14)

326 (56.1%) 255 (43.9%) 58140.0% 33.2% 36.7%

Youth(15-30)

248 (49.2%) 256 (50.8%) 50430.4% 33.3% 31.8%

Middle Age(31-59)

219 (49.4%) 224 (50.6%) 44326.9% 29.2% 28.0%

Senior Citizens(60 and above)

22 (40.0%) 33 (60.0%) 552.7% 4.3% 3.5%

Total 815 (51.5%) 768 (48.5%) 1583100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

There are also senior citizens who, through relatively fewer (3.5%), also have their own special needs that must be addressed.

Civil Status

Most of the individual household members are single. This is not unexpected since the population is quite young as noted earlier. They are followed by those who are married.

Table 5. Civil Status Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Frequency Percent

Single 912 57.6Married 515 32.5

Widow/er 39 2.5Separated 18 1.1

live-in 99 6.3Total 1583 100.0

However, among those of marriageable age (18 years and above) more than half are already married.


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Table 6. Civil Status Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members Who Are 18 Years Old and Above

Frequency Percent

Single 222 25.0Married 513 57.7

Widow/er 39 4.4Separated 18 2.0

live-in 97 10.9Total 889 100.0

Persons with Disability (PWDs)

The number of individuals with disability is almost zero. This is a positive finding as well as a surprising one since disability and poverty tend to go together in a vicious cycle as studies have shown. In other words, disability tends to cause poverty (because of limited economic opportunities open to PWDs) which in turn contributes to the likelihood of disability, thereby creating a self-perpetuating cycle. Thus, the low percentage of PWDs in Nagkaisang Nayon means one less contributing factor to poverty.

Table 7. Disability Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Frequency Percent

None 1580 99.8

Bulag 1 .1Pipi 1 .1

Down Syndrome 1 .1

Total 1583 100.0

Birth Registration

Almost the entire population is registered with the civil birth registry. This too is good since birth registration is crucial in accessing social services and economic opportunities, public or private but especially those of the government.

Table 8. Percentage of Birth Registration of the Whole Population of Household Members

Frequency PercentYes 1566 98.9


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No 17 1.1Total 1583 100.0

Membership in Social Security Schemes

In terms of membership in social security schemes of individuals 18 years old and above, much leaves to be desired with only half being members of SSS, a measly 12 percent and 14.6 percent in Pag-ibig and Philhealth, respectively. Almost none are GSIS members. Social security schemes are meant to provide a cushion to households in times of emergency and crises.

The low figure for Philhealth is particularly disconcerting considering that urban poor households are prone to health hazards that are likely to frustrate any attempt to get out of their present socio-economic situation. The low membership figures is also disconcerting because the government has been touting the high membership rate in the said program as one of its achievements and yet the case of Nagkaisang Nayon shows a different picture. Something needs to be done to increase the membership such as a simple information campaign about Philhealth, its advantages and how to become a member.

It must also be noted that more than half (53.1%) of individual are members of “any financing system” which includes microfinance and other forms of security. It seems to indicate that people, in fact, are willing to join social security schemes that are open to them and that there might be a need or a demand for other forms of security schemes aside from the usual government-initiated ones.

Table 9. Membership in Social Security Schemes (18 and above)

Frequency Percent

Pag-ibig 107 12.0SSS 456 51.3

GSIS 3 0.3Any Financing Institution 472 53.1

Philhealth 130 14.6

Employment Status _________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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Almost half of those considered as part of the labor force (15 to 65 years old) are not working as shown in Table 10. The next table shows that of these non-working group, 70.0% are women showing the limited access of women to what are traditionally considered as productive work. Looking at it from another angle, 67.8% of all women are not working. Moreover, only 20.2% of those who are permanently employed are women. On the other hand, among those who are self-employed, most are women.

Table 10. Employment Status of Household MembersWho Are 15 to 65 Years Old

Employment Status Frequency Percent

Not working 497 49.6

Employed Regular (permanent)

163 16.3

Contractual 192 19.2Self-employed 140 14.0

Retired 7 .7Homemaker 1 .1

Total 1000 100.0

Table 11. Employment Status of Household MembersWho Are 15 to 65 Years Old (by Sex)

Sex of MemberTotalMale Female

Not working 149 348 49730.0% 70.0% 100.0%30.5% 67.8% 49.6%

Employed Regular (permanent)

130 33 16379.8% 20.2% 100.0%26.6% 6.4% 16.3%

Contractual 143 49 19274.5% 25.5% 100.0%29.2% 9.6% 19.2%

Self-employed 61 79 14043.6% 56.4% 100.0%12.5% 15.4% 14.0%

Compared to the national figures, labor force participation in Nagkaisang Nayon is very low since less than half of those who should be working are actually working. _________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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Significantly, there is not much difference between the results in Nagkaisang Nayon and the national in terms of the unemployment rate. But the underemployment rate which is the percentage of those who are already working but who want extra work or extra hours of work to earn more, is comparatively low in the barangay.

Table 12. Comparative Labor Force Participation Rate

Labor Force Participation Rate

(July 2007)

EmploymentRate

Unemployment Rate

Underemployment

Philippines 63.6% 92.2% 7.8% 22.0%

Nagkaisang Nayon

49.6% 91.6% 8.4% 2.16%

Individual Monthly Income

The average individual monthly income among those who are in the labor force in Nagkaisang Nayon is P 3,695.3240. This is higher than the average for Payatas which is onlyP 2,602.9680. Table 13 shows the average for each of the urban poor clusters. Those in Goldmine Extension have the highest average while those in Roxas Compound have the lowest.

Table 13. Individual Monthly Income (15-65 Years Old)

Area MeanSan Antonio Village 3914.6313General Luis/Marmol 3038.6842

Riverside 3844.2623Dormitory P2 3583.9326Pulong Gubat 3103.3333Unang Lingap 3610.8696

Imelda 4421.7391Dormitory P3 4323.0000

Pasacola A 3695.2381Pasacola B 3069.3333Pasacola C 3831.6667Pasacola D 3229.4118

Goldmin Ext 4478.2609Dormitory P1 3807.8431

Roxas Compound 1322.7273Torres Village 3300.0000

Robina 3887.6190Josefina 2315.2000


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Total 3695.3240

Educational Attainment

The educational attainment of those in the working age population is quite low with only 7.6% having college degrees and only 50.3% (37.4% high school graduates and 12.9% with only some college education) finishing high school. This confirms what most studies have shown.

Educational attainment is crucial for this working age population because obviously it will determine in large part the kind of work they will have and consequently the income they will get. Most employers require at least a high school education.

Table 14. Educational Attainment (15-65 Years Old.)

Frequency PercentPre-Elementary level 1 .1

Elementary 65 6.7Elementary graduate 93 9.5

High School level 208 21.3High School graduate 365 37.4

College level 126 12.9College graduate 74 7.6Vocational level 9 .9

Vocational graduate 31 3.2Others 5 .5Total 977 100.0

Educational Attainment and Income

As noted earlier, educational attainment affects individual income. When the average incomes of each of the educational attainment groups are compared, the result confirms what many of us know: that indeed the higher the educational attainment, the higher the income. Thus, those with college degrees have the highest average income of P6,693. This is more than thrice that of the group with the lowest income.

However, the study also reveals something else - having vocational skills contribute to the level of income as shown by the fact that those who graduated from vocational courses rank second after college graduates with an average income of


22


P6,190. In fact, those with vocational degrees have an average income that is higher by more than two thousand than the third placer while the difference between those with college degrees and vocational degrees is only around P500.

The policy implication seems to be that vocational courses which are relatively cheaper than going to college should be made available as a cheap and fast but effective intervention in raising incomes.

It must also be noted that having only some college does not make much of a difference in income. In fact, those with some college have slightly lower average income than high school graduates who didn’t attempt to go to college. Thus, if decides to go to college, one really has to finish it because having only some college does not make much difference in income compared to mere high school graduates. The same is true for those with only some vocational education. Thus, if one decides to go to vocational school, one really has to finish it to gain a big increase in average income.

Table 15. Educational Attainment and Income (5-65 Years Old)

Educational attainment Mean NPre-Elementary level .0000 1

Elementary 2526.6308 65Elementary graduate 3566.6667 93

High School level 2033.3365 208High School graduate 3648.7671 365

College level 3638.9683 126College graduate 6693.1757 74Vocational level 2833.3333 9

Vocational graduate 6190.3226 31Others .0000 5Total 3502.4258 977

B. Household Profile

Household Size and Sex Distribution of HH Heads

The average household size is 4.9 members which is more or less the same as the national average of around 5 members. More than two-thirds are male-headed households.


23


Table 16. Household Head Distribution by Sex

Sex of HH Head TotalMale Female236 87 323

73.1% 26.9% 100.0%

Average Unmet Need for Family Planning

In general, the women respondents in the reproductive age (16-49 years old) or the wives in the reproductive age (16-49 years old) of the male respondents want more children than they actually have now. And only four percent reported wanting less children than they already have. Thus, there is very little unmet need (actual number of children minus the desired number of children) for family planning services.

Table 17. Average Unmet Need for Family Planning

MeanAktwal na Bilang ng

Anak2.8559

Nais na Bilang ng Anak

3.2379

Unmet Need for FP -.4009

Immigration History

Many of households are recent migrants. In fact, 41.4% (24.1% plus 17.3%) settled in their present address after 2000 as shown in Table 19. The average length of stay in present address is 12.9 years so that on the average, the families migrated only around 1994 while the average length of stay in Quezon City is 16.2 years. Riverside is home to the most recent or “youngest” migrants with residents having been in the area for only an average of 6.3 years. Perhaps, this is because of the fact that of all the clusters, Riverside seems to be the most dangerous because it is right on the bank of a river that often overflows and where access to clean water is difficult due to the physical isolation of the area. The deep wells in the area also do not provide clean water because it is fed by the dirty river. Dormitory Phase 1 on the other hand is the oldest with an average of 23.3 years. Perhaps, this phenomenon of recent migration should be studied and regulated because such unexpected and unregulated waves of


24


migration will affect the ability of the barangay as well as the city government (but specially the barangay) to provide services that, as it is, are already wanting.

Table 18. Average Length of Stay in Present Address Per Cluster

AreaAverage

Length of Stay

Start of Stay

San Antonio village 12.8 years 1994.General Luis 17.2 years 1990.Riverside 6.3 years 2001Dormitory P2 13.2 years 1994Pulong Gubat 18.5 years 1989Unang Lingap 2.5 years 2004Imelda 15.5 years 1991Dormitory P3 7.6 years 1999.Pasacola A 10.9 years 1986Pasacola B 14.0 years 1983Pasacola C 15.7 years 1991Pasacola D 13.2 years 1994Goldmin Ext 13.7 years 1993Dormitory P1 23.3 years 1984Roxas Compound 18.1 years 1989Torres Village 16.4 years 1991Robina 18.8 years 1988Josefina 9.8 years 1997Total 12.9 years 1994

Table 19. Distribution According to the Year Households Started Living in Present Address

Taon Lumipat sa Kasalukuyang

Address

Frequency Percent

1950-1954 1 .31955-1959 2 .61960-1964 3 .91965-1969 2 .61970-1974 4 1.21975-1979 16 5.01980-1984 24 7.41985-1989 54 16.7


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1990-1994 35 10.81995-1999 48 14.92000-2004 78 24.12005-2007 56 17.3

Total 323 100.0

C. Living Conditions

As said in the introduction, the seven indicators of living conditions for which data was gathered is based on the Millennium Development Goals, Target 11 Indicators which was initially used in Barangays Holy Spirit and Baesa.


1. Access to Water

There are three components to this indicator – affordability , quality and physical accessibility which is used a proxy for the time and effort spent in getting water.

Affordability

In terms of affordability - which is defined as having access to water that cost less than 10 percent of their monthly income - a very large percentage of households (90.7%) have adequate access to affordable water. And on the average, water expense eats up only 4.88% of household income.

Table 20. Distribution of Households According toPercentage of Income Spent on Water

Frequency Nagkaisang Nayon

Payatas(%)

Adequate(Households Spending 10

percent or less of their income on water)

293 90.7 75.7


26


Inadequate(Households Spending more

than10 percent of their income on water)

30 9.3 18.3

Total 323 100.00 94.0

Quality

In terms of quality, 93.1% have access to water that is tasteless, clear and odorless. In other words, clean water. Thus most households are adequate in terms of this component as well.

Table 21. Distribution of Households According toClarity, Smell and Taste of Water

May Amoy

Total

May Lasa meron wala

meron malinaw Oo 2 1 350.0% 25.0% 75.0%

Hindi 1 125.0% 25.0%

Total 3 1 475.0% 25.0% 100.0%

wala malinaw Oo 5 297 3021.6% 93.1% 94.7%

Hindi 3 14 17.9% 4.4% 5.3%

Total 8 311 3192.5% 97.5% 100.0%

Type of Water Connection

However, as to effort and time, only about a third (35.9%) have their own water connections from MWSS which is considered as the cheapest, most accessible and safest source of water. So the third component is inadequate for most households.

The highest percentage of households gets water by buying from neighbors (40.6%). Of course such system will tend to be more expensive and tend to take more time and effort.


27


Among the urban poor clusters, Roxas Compound, Dormitory Phase 1, 2 and 3 and Riverside are worst off with only a very few of its households having access to MWSS water.

Table 22. Distribution of Households According toType of Water Connection

Frequency PercentMWSS-Own 116 35.9MWSS-kabit 31 9.6

deepwell-piped to dwelling 1 .3deepwell-public faucet 10 3.1

deepwell-de bomba 3 .9mineral 25 7.7

bili kapitbahay 131 40.6tanker 4 1.2balon 2 .6Total 323 100.0

2. Access to Sanitation

This indicator has two components. The first component is access to private sanitary toilet that is either a flush or pour-flush toilet that is shared with at most only one other household and the second component is access to a sewerage system (private all-concrete septic tank).

Toilet

Two hundred ninety three (293) households or 90.7% have adequate access to toilets. This figure was derived by adding the 273 households who have their own pour-flush toilet and the 5 households who have their own flush toilets as well as the 15 households who share their pour-flush toilet with only one other family and thus still considered adequate.

Table 23. Distribution of Households According toType of Toilet

TOILET


28


KANINO flush buhos iba pa Total

sarili 5 273 278

1.8% 98.2% 100.0%

pangkomunidad 13 1 14

92.9% 7.1% 100.0%

nakikigamit 15 15

Sewerage System

However, the figure is much lower for the second component with only 64.7% having their own private all-concrete septic tank. It is important to have an all-concrete septic tank to prevent seepage of waste into the water systems, thereby contaminating them.

Table 24. Distribution of Households According toType of Septic Tank

KLASEAll

concreteSemi-

concreteDi alam Iba pa 88.00 99.00 Total

Sarili209 37 5 1 1 1 254

64.7% 11.5% 1.5% .3% .3% .3% 78.6%

May Kahati16 4 1 21

5.0% 1.2% .3% 6.5%No

Response1 1

.3% .3%Not

Applicable1 46 47

.3% 14.2% 14.6%

Total226 41 6 2 1 47 323

70.0% 12.7% 1.9% .6% .3% 14.6% 100.0%

3. Security of Tenure

This indicator has four components namely. The first of four indicators for this component is tenure status or ownership of land or being in the process of acquiring ownership of land. The second component is de facto protection from


29


eviction operationally defined as having no experience of being evicted the last five years. The third component is perception of protection from eviction in the next five years and the fourth is active membership in an organization for housing.

Tenure Status

The data show that only 27 households or 8.4% are owners of the land they are living on. However, 101 households or 34.9% of those who are not yet owners are in the process of acquiring ownership of land and are therefore also adequate in this component.

Thus, a total 128 households out of 323 or 39.6% of all households are adequate since they are either owners or if not owners yet, are at least in the process of acquiring ownership. Of those in the process of acquiring land, OVER three-fourths are through CMP followed by direct sale by the owner.

The percentage of those who are adequate in this component is very low but is not unexpected in urban poor settlements. Thus, only a few can truly claim that they are secure because they are supported by legal processes.

Table 25. Distribution of Households According toOwnership of Land

Ownership of Land Total (Nagkaisang Nayon)

Payatas

Oo 278.4% 0.78%

Hindi 28989.5% 98.17%

Di Alam 72.2% 0

Total 323100.0%

Table 26. Distribution of Non-owner Households According toWhether They Are in the Process of Land Acquisition or Not

Oo Hindi Total

101 188 281


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Nasa Proseso? 34.9% 65.1% 100.00%

Table 27. Distribution of Households Who Are in Process According to the Mode of Acquisition

Frequency Percent

CMP 78 77.2

Direct Sale - LGU 1 1.0

Direct Sale(Landowner)

12 11.9

NHA 1 1.0

Other 9 8.9

Total 101 100.0

However, even as only a few can truly claim that they are secure because they are supported by legal processes, at least a little over two-thirds of those staying on either private or public land have permission. Thus, fortunately, they are still afforded with some form of security no matter how weak.

Table 28. Distribution of Households in Private Land According to Whether they Have Permission or Not

May Pahintulot

Walang Pahintulot

Di alam Total

Pribado145 47 8 201

72.1% 23.4% 4.0% 100.00%

Table 29. Distribution of Households in Public Land According to Whether they Have Permission or Not


31


May Pahintulot

Walang Pahintulot

Di alam No Response

Total

Publiko29 15 2 1 47

61.7% 31.9% 4.3% 2.1% 100.00%

De Facto Protection From Evictions

The second component - which is de facto protection from eviction - is adequate for almost all households (96.0%) since only 4% have experienced demolition or eviction in the past five years. The reason for over half of these evictions is the fact that the owner already needs the land. Thus, although most do not own the land they are staying in, they have at least de facto security.

Table 30. Distribution of Households According to Experience of Demolition/Eviction in the Past 5 Years

Experience of Demolition/Eviction in

the Past 5 YearsFrequency Percent

Yes 13 4.0

No 310 96.0

Total 323 100.0

De Facto Protection From EvictionsPerception of Protection From Future Evictions

However, the mere fact that the households have not experienced eviction does not create a complete picture of the security of their situation. So the households were also asked about their future security. The study shows that the third component - perception of protection from eviction - is adequate for 94.1% of households with only less than a tenth (5.9%) believing that they might be evicted in the next 5 years. Similar to those who have actually experienced eviction, the main reason is that the owner is already going to use the land.

Table 31. Distribution of Households According to Perception of Possibility of Demolition/Eviction in the Next 5 Years

Is There a Possibility of Being Demolished in the Next 5 Years?

Frequency Percent


32


Yes 19 5.9

No 304 94.1

Total 323 100

Active Membership in a Land and Housing Organization

The last component however is severely wanting because only about half of households (51.7%) are organized. And of those who are organized, some are not active. Thus, ultimately only less than half (44.3%) are adequate in this component - that is, actively exercising membership in a land and housing organization. This is worse than in Payatas.

This needs to be addressed as soon as possible considering the fact that a huge percentage are lacking in the first component. After all, how will the communities be able to address the problem of ownership (or non-ownership) of land if they are not organized.

Table 32. Distribution of Households According to Membership in a Land and Housing Organization and Status of Membership

Active Member?

Yes No Not Applicable

Total

Member of Organization?

Yes143 24 167

44.3% 7.4% 51.7%

No156 156

48.3% 48.3%


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Total143 24 156 323

44.3% 7.4% 48.3% 100.0%

4. Durability of Housing

Location

Among the four components of this indicator, it is the first component (location of houses in safe areas) that is least problematic with 84.2% of households living in safe areas.

Table 33. Distribution of Households According toType of Location

Location Frequency Percent

Safe 272 84.2%

Danger Zone 51 15.8%

Total 323 100

Materials Used and Compliance with Regulations

However, the next two components (quality of housing materials and compliance with building code) paint a different picture. Only a little more than one-third (39.6%) of households have houses that are made of permanent materials that are not in need of major repair. Worse, less than a tenth (9.6%) complied with the building code. So we have a situation where most of the houses are not only wanting in quality but do not even comply with building relations which is a very dangerous combination.

Table 34. Distribution of Households According toType of Materials Used for House Construction and Condition of the House

Recycled Strong and Permanent

Combination Total

Is the House In Need of

Major Repair?

Yes 39 17 95 151

12.1% 5.3% 29.4% 46.7%No 3 128 41 172

.9% 39.6% 12.7% 53.3%


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Total 42 145 136 32313.0% 44.9% 42.1% 100.0%

Table 35. Compliance With Building Regulations

Frequency Percent

Compliant 31 9.6

Not Compliant 287 88.8

Do Not Know 5 1.5

Total 323 100.0

Disaster Preparedness

Given the sorry physical state of the houses and widespread non-compliance with regulations, it is a consolation that disaster preparedness (for flood, fires, earthquakes which could easily destroy low-quality non-compliant houses) is quite high at 77.4%. In other words, a great majority are aware of disaster preparation measures.

But still, the best preparation for any disaster is to build sturdy and regulations-compliant housing structures.

Table 36. Knowledge of Disaster Preparation Measures

Do You Have Sufficient Knowledge of

Disaster Preparation Measures?

Frequency Percent

Yes 250 77.4

No 73 22.6

Total 323 100.0

5. Sufficiency of Living Space_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

35


The only component to this indicator is overcrowding which is defined as a situation where less than 2 sq.m. is available per person in a house or in sleeping area and having more than 4 people sleeping in an open space. Thus, there are actually three criteria to be met under this component. And the study shows that there is overcrowding (and therefore insufficient living space) in 43.4% of households as seen in Table 39 where all the three criteria are combined. (Table 37 shows how many households are able to comply with the first criteria while Table 38 shows how many households are able to comply with the first criteria and second criteria combined.)

Obviously, there is still a wide room (literally and figuratively) for improvement. Overcrowding in a house is crucial because of the fact that it affects the health of the occupants since cramped places tend to be more humid due to the limited circulation of air and since airborne diseases are likely to be passed on because they only have to travel a small area.

Table 37. Percentage of Households with Adequate House Area

Frequency PercentLess than 2 sq. m. per

person in a house14 4.3

2 or more square meters per person in

a house

309 95.7

Total 323 100.0

Table 38. Percentage of Households with Adequate Houseand Sleeping Area

Area per person Frequency Percent

Less than 2 sq.m. per person in a house or

in sleeping area

42 13.0

At least 2 sq.m. per person in a house or

in a sleeping area

281 87

Total 323 100

Table 39. Percentage of Households with Adequate House


36


and Sleeping Area such that No More Than 4 Persons Are Sleeping in an Open Space or Room

Area per person Frequency PercentInadequate

(Less than 2 sq.m. per person in a house or in

sleeping area + more than 4 people sleeping in an open

space)

140 43.2

AdequateAt least 2 sq.m. per person in a house or in sleeping area + at most 4 people sleeping in

an open space

183 56.5

Total 323 100.0

6. Environmental Management

There are only two components to this indicator. The figure in terms of the first component (proper disposal of solid waste) is quite good with almost all (97.5%) households reporting that their garbage is being collected regularly by garbage trucks. However, most families are wanting in the second component with only a third (34.1%) of families saying that the drainage system in their neighborhood is adequate.

Proper Solid Waste Disposal

Table 40. Mode of Disposing Solid Waste

Frequency Percent

Collected by Garbage Truck

315 97.5

Collected by Garbage Push Carts

2 .6

Burning 3 .9Throw into the Canal 3 .9

Total 323 100.0

Table 41. Frequency of Collection Solid Waste


37


Frequency Percent

Everyday 2 .6

Once a Week 244 75.5

Every Two Weeks 71 22.0

Not Applicable 6 1.9

Total 323 100.0

Drainage System

Only 34.1% have “Adequate” drainage systems which is defined as a covered system of covered canal which does not overflow when it rains. For obvious reasons, having adequate drainage systems is important to the health of the residents.

Table 42. Distribution According to the Type of Canal and Sufficiency During Rainy Days

Does It Overflow When it Rains

No Yes Not Applicable

Total

Type of Canal

Open canal 99 41 14030.7% 12.7% 43.3%

Covered canal 110 12 12234.1% 3.7% 37.8%

No Canal 61 6118.9% 18.9%

Total 209 53 61 32364.7% 16.4% 18.9% 100.0%


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7. Access to Other Basic Services

Electricity

In terms of access to electricity, while most (89.2%) have access to MERALCO, only a little more than half (59.8%) have electric meters of their own. This needs to be improved by taking advantage of programs like the DAEP (Depressed Area Electrification Program).

Table 43. Access to MERALCO and Exclusivity of Access

Own Shared Not Applicable

Total

Do You Have Access to

MERALCO?

Yes 193 95 28859.8% 29.4% 89.2%

No 35 3510.8% 10.8%

Total 193 95 35 32359.8% 29.4% 10.8% 100.0%

Livelihood

Among the 3 institutions, it is the barangay that they know best as having a livelihood program.

Table 44. Knowledge of Availability of Livelihood Projects by Provider

BARANGAY CITY NGO FrequencyPercentFrequency Percent Frequency Percent

Meron 143 44.3 75 23.2 69 21.1Wala 158 48.9 201 62.2 206 63.8

Di - alam 22 6.8 47 14.6 49 15.2Total 323 100 323 100 323 100

Health


39


Access to health services is also not sufficient because while most have access to nearby health centers (78.9%) only less than one-third (31.6%) of those who needed medicine for common sickness are able to get medicine in sufficient quantity. The most common services given are medical services followed by dental and maternal care services. Some are also lying-in clinics.

Table 45. Availability of Nearby Health Centers

Frequency Percent

Meron 255 78.9Wala 66 20.4

Di - alam 2 0.6Total 323 100

Table 46. Availability of Health Services by Type of Service

MEDICAL DENTAL LYING IN MATERNALCARE

f % f % f % f %Meron 198 61.3 89 27.6 5 1.5 14 4.3Wala 125 38.7 234 72.4 318 98.5 309 95.7

No reply 0 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.3Total 323 100 323 100 323 100 323 100

Only 47.1% obtained medicine for common sicknesses from the brgy. health center when they needed it. Of these, only 67.1% obtained it sufficient quantity. Thus, only 31.6 percent obtained enough medicine.

Table 47. Availability of and Sufficiency Quantity of MedicineWas the Medicine Obtained of Sufficient Quantity?

Yes No Not Know

No Response

Not Applicable

Total

Was Medicine Available

When Needed?

Yes102 46 3 1 152

31.6% 14.2% .9% .3% 47.1%

No168 168

52.0% 52.0%Not

Know3 3

.9% .9%_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

40


Total 102 46 3 1 171 32331.6% 14.2% .9% .3% 52.9% 100.0%

Only 3.19% of households have children who are 6 years old and below who are underweight.

Table 48. Households With 0-6 Year Old Children Who Are Underweight

Are There 0-6 Year Old Children in the Household

Who Are Underweight?

Frequency Percent

Yes 6 3.19No 188 96.81

Total 184 100.0

Moreover, only 5% of households have children who died before they are 6 years old and only 2.9% have children who died before they are 12 months old. There were no reported deaths from pregnancy-related causes.

Table 49. Infant Mortality and Maternal Deaths

May namatay

ba?

Died Before 6 years

Died Before 12 months

Died from pregnancy or giving

birthf % f % f %

Meron 7 2.2 6 1.9 0 0Wala 316 97.8 317 98.1 323 100.0Total 323 100.0 323 100.0 323 100.0

Education

In terms of physical or geographical access to educational institutions, the figures are also quite low considering the urban setting of the areas surveyed. Day Care Centers and Elementary Schools are accessible (geographically) to about 61.9% and 83.6% of HHs respectively while High Schools are accessible only to about 37.8% of HHs.


41


All of these are very low figures especially when compared to Payatas where the figures are 91.36% (Day Care), 89.53% (Elementary) and 59.95% (High School)

Physical accessibility of educational institutions is important because it has direct implications on the ability of households to send its members to school. If schools are far, then transportation costs will likely prevent children from going to school since it will eat up much of the already low household income. Of course, this inability to send children to school will also have implications on the ability of the household to sustain itself economically in the long term.

Table 50. Availability of Nearby Educational Institutions

DAYCARE

ELEM HS COLLEGE VOCA-TIONAL

Nagkaisang Nayon

61.9% 83.6% 37.8% 0 0

Payatas 91.36% 89.53% 59.95% 0 0

It must be noted that there is no access to educational institutions offering college degrees nor to vocational institutions which as noted earlier seem to be a fast, open, cheap and effective way of gaining skills that translate to higher income.

Marketplace

Only 41.8% have access to nearby marketplaces practically all of which are public. This is very low especially when compared to the figure for Payatas.

Table 51. Availability of Nearby Market Places

Frequency PercentNagkaisang

Nayon PayatasMeron 135 41.8 53.9

Wala 188 58.2 46.1

Total 323 100.0

Of the 58.2% who do not have access to a nearby marketplace, 62.6% have access to a talipapa instead.


42


Table 52. Availability of Alternatives to Market Places

f / %Talipapa 117

62.6%Vendor 12

6.4%Sari-sari Store 58

31.0%Total 188

100.0%

Sidewalks

About a quarter (24.1%) of households say that the roads do not have sidewalks.

Table 53. Construction of Sidewalks

Sidewalks Frequency PercentMeron 244 75.5Wala 78 24.1

No response

1 .4

Total 323 100.0

Peace and Order

Only about half categorically say that their community is peaceful. However, only 2.8% would say that it is outright not peaceful. The other big chunk (46.1%) thinks that it is moderately peaceful. Finally, only 0.3% of HHs have members who were victimized within the community

Table 54. Perception of the Peace and Order Situation in the Community

Frequency PercentTahimik 165 51.1

Magulo 9 2.8Katamtaman 149 46.1


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Total 323 100.0

Table 55. Households with Members Who Were Victimized by Crimes

Frequency PercentMeron 1 .3Wala 322 99.7Total 323 100.0

Prioritization

Jut like in Payatas, the highest priority is Land and Housing followed by Livelihood.However, unlike in Payatas, the households in Nagkaisang Nayon place Water as the third top priority. This might be due to the fact that in this barangay, the highest percentage of households merely buys water from their neighbors as seen earlier.

Table 56. Ranking of the Most Important Issues for the Households

Frequency PercentPABAHAY 145 44.9

HANAPBUHAY 118 36.5TUBIG 22 6.8

EDUKASYON 15 4.6KALUSUGAN 11 3.4

Hunger

About a tenth of households (9.9 %) experienced hunger at least once in the last 3 months. This is quite a high percentage specially when projected to the estimated 2,000 urban poor households in the barangay. That translates to about 200 hundred urban poor households. This, of course, is a function of household income.

Table 57. Experience of Hunger

Di nakakain ng 3 beses sa isang araw sa nakaraang 3 buwan dahil sa kakapusan

ng pambili

Frequency Nagkaisang Nayon Payatas


44


Meron 32 9.9 12.8

Wala 391 90.1 86.4Total 323 100.0 100.0

D. Income and Expenses

Total average monthly household income of P9,298 in Nagkaisang Nayon is higher than the KAMANAVA income (P7848.37). However, it is lower than the national average of P14,333. Average annual household income is also lower compared to the national average and the average for NCR 2, the statistical division used by government statisticians where Quezon City belongs.

Table 58. Average Monthly Household Income and Total Other Income

N Minimum Maximum Mean

HH Income 382 .00 48000.00 8181.2042Total Other Income 382 .00 35000.00 1116.9005Total HH Income 382 .00 54000.00 9298.1047

Table 59. Comparative Matrix of Per Capita Poverty Threshold

Annual Per Capita Poverty

Threshold (2007)

Percent of Households in the Philippines with Annual Per Capita

Income Below the Philippine

Annual Per Capital Poverty

Threshold in 2003

Percent of Households in the NCR with Annual Per Capita Income

Below the NCR Annual Per

Capital Poverty Threshold in

2003

Percent of Households in

Brgy. Nagkaisang Nayon with Annual Per

Capita Income Below the Annual Per

Capital Poverty Threshold in

2007

Self-rated Poverty

(3Q,2007)

Philippines P 16,936 34.2% (25.8%) 47% - 53%

NCR P 19,345 10.0% 33.5%

Self-rated Poverty 47% - 53%

NN Average Annual Per Capita

Income

P 31,541


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Table 60. Comparative Table of Average Annual Household Income

Average Annual Household Income

Philippines P 148,616 (2003) / P 172,000 (2006)

NCR 2 (including Quezon City)

P 274,529 (2003) / not available for 2006

Brgy. Nagkaisang Nayon P 142,444.6440 (2007)

KAMANAVA P 94,180.4400 (2006)

Brgy. Payatas P 111,577.2500 (2007)

Table 61. Average Annual Household Income Per ClusterArea MeanSan Antonio Village 153835.7143General Luis 138564.0000Riverside 114701.8868Dormitory P2 127370.9091Pulong Gubat 124133.3333Unang Lingap 173745.0000Imelda 136933.3333Dormitory P3 182270.0000Pasacola A 158047.0588Pasacola B 126773.3333Pasacola C 159666.6667Pasacola D 183811.7647Goldmin Ext 156000.0000Dormitory P1 182502.8571Roxas Compound 38800.0000Torres Village 135450.0000Robina 125610.0000Josefina 91840.0000Total 142444.6440


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Table 62. Average Monthly Household Income Per Cluster(ranked from the highest)

Area Rank IncomePasacola D 1 15317.6471Dormitory P1 2 15208.5714Dormitory P3 3 15189.1667Unang Lingap 4 14478.7500Pasacola C 5 13305.5556Pasacola A 6 13170.5882Goldmin Ext 7 13000.0000San Antonio Village

8 12819.6429

General Luis 9 11547.0000Imelda 10 11411.1111Torres Village 11 11287.5000Dormitory P2 12 10614.2424Pasacola B 13 10564.4444Robina 14 10467.5000Pulong Gubat 15 10344.4444Riverside 16 9558.4906Josefina 17 7653.3333Roxas Compound 18 3233.3333Total 11870.3870

III. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In this section, only findings that raise crucial issues that need to be addressed will be highlighted. Those marked with are considered top priority.

Demographic Profile of Whole Population.

Ensure Youth Participation

The whole population of individuals in this survey is quite young. In fact, the average age is 23.6 years. Moreover, the children and youth sector form more than two-thirds of the population that is why the percentage of those who are single is also quite high.

Given this young population, it is important that any socio-economic program of the barangay address problems of the children and the youth. Some of these problems are


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specifically included here such as access to education and health centers. But there are other problems that uniquely beset the young that were not discussed here. Thus, to know what these other problems are, it is important to ensure their participation in the planning of development strategies.

It is also important than the physical planning of the barangay consider this sector. For instance, it would be good if more play grounds, libraries and other venues for youthful recreation be created to give them a venue for self-expression and to draw them away from problems such as drug addiction.

Reach Out to Persons with Disability

The percentage of persons with disabilities is surprisingly small. Perhaps, it may in fact be higher and the low rate of reporting maybe due to the stigma that is usually attached to the problem. Thus, the barangay may find other means of reaching out to them.

Increase Membership in Social Security Schemes

Membership in social security schemes is very low even for government-initiated Philhealth which is supposed to be the cheapest and most accessible health insurance scheme available. Much needs to be done to have more households enrolled. It is important that urban poor families be enrolled considering that they are prone to health hazards that are likely to wipe out instantly any economic gains they might make. Health problems are one of the more direct contributors to the vicious cycle of poverty.

Increase Employment and Livelihood Opportunities

A big percentage of the working age population is not working. Thus employment opportunities must be increased. In fact, in the residents’ ranking of priorities, “livelihood” comes second after “land and housing.”

But considering that most of whom are women, a significant way of substantially increasing labor force participation rate is to target the women by increasing employment opportunities appropriate for them. This might be in the form of traditional paid work or self-employment opportunities. The latter might entail the establishment of microfinance institutions that will assist women in their attempt at creating gaining self-employment.

It is important to increase the employment rate to also increase the household income considering that the average annual household income for Nagkaisang Nayon is almost only half of the average for NCR 2 the statistical division used by the NSO where Quezon City belongs.

Of course, increasing income will allow households to address their other basic needs as well such as food. This will help lessen the incidence of hunger.


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Increase Access to Vocational Education

Average individual monthly income is also shown to be very low. But as noted, this not unexpected considering that educational attainment level is also very low. The study confirms what we all know - that indeed income and educational attainment are positively and directly correlated. Thus, in the long term, the level of education must be increased.

An effective intervention that requires a shorter time, however, is increasing access to vocational education. Why? The study shows that having vocational skills contribute to the level of income as shown by the fact that those who graduated from vocational courses rank second after college graduates in terms of average income.

The policy implication seems to be that vocational courses which are relatively cheaper than going to college should be made available as a cheap but effective intervention in raising incomes. Moreover, not only does it take less time to complete but is also open to most people even those of more advanced age who no longer find it practical to go back to traditional school.

Household Profile.

Study and Regulate Migration

Many are recent migrants. In fact, 41.4% settled in their present address after 2000. The average length of stay in present address is 12.9 years while the average length of stay in Quezon City is 16.2 years. Perhaps, this phenomenon of recent migration should be studied or regulated because such unexpected and unregulated waves of migration will affect the ability of the barangay government to provided services that, as it is, are already wanting.

Living Conditions.


Access to Water

Increase Access to Exclusive Connection to the MWSS

Affordability and Quality is not much of a problem. What needs to be greatly improved is the number of households who have their own water connections from MWSS since at present only a third (35.9%) is adequate in this component. In fact, according to the residents ranking of priorities, “water” comes third, proving that indeed the residents urgently need improvement in this aspect.


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Improving this component will decrease the time and effort spent by households on getting water. The time and effort saved can then be channeled to other productive activities. This will also improve affordability (the first component) which though not a big problem still has room for improvement. Thus, money can be saved as well.

Access to Sanitation

Teach Households to Build Private All-Concrete Septic Tanks

The first component is adequate for most families since most do have access to such sanitary toilets (90.7%). However, the figure (64.7%) is much lower for the second component which is access to a sewerage system (private all-concrete septic tank). There are many ways by which cheap all concrete septic tanks can be built and there are organizations that offer training on this. To convince the people, its advantages, especially in terms of protecting the community water systems must be explained.

Security of Tenure

Aggressively Organize Households

The first component is severely wanting since the data show that less than half of households (39.6%) are owners of the land hey are staying on or are in the process of acquiring ownership of land. This is a very low figure.

This might be explained by the fact that only about half of households are organized (and of those, some are not even active.) After all, people have to be organized first before they can initiate any process of land acquisition. This is particularly urgent since according to the resident’s ranking of priority concerns, “land and housing” is the topmost priority. Thus, the unorganized households must be organized first.

Also, once organized for housing, the families can then use their newly created organizational strength to deal with other community concerns as well.

The second and third components which are de facto protection from eviction and perception of protection from eviction, respectively, are adequate for almost all households

Durability of Housing

Encourage Households to Use Strong Materials


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The quality of housing materials used by households and the rate of compliance with building code – two of the four components - are very poor. So we have a dangerous combination of large percentage of houses wanting in quality and widespread non-compliance with building relations.

Thus, a campaign to encouraged households to use strong materials and to comply with building regulations may be done. After all, the best way of prevent disasters is to build sturdy and regulations-compliant housing structures.

Of course, it must be noted that the willingness of households to use strong and permanent materials is also a function of their tenure security status.

Sufficiency of Living Space

Proper ventilation and Family Planning

There is overcrowding in 43.4% of households. Obviously, there is still a wide room (literally and figuratively) for improvement. Overcrowding in a house is crucial because of the fact that it affects the health of the occupants.

But it is difficult to recommend anything to truly solve this problem of overcrowding. It will not be solved until the security of tenure of the residents is regularized. In fact, even formal settlements are beset with this problem. For now, all that they can do is to create good ventilation in the house (by making bigger windows for example) to counter the effects of overcrowding on the internal environment of the house. And perhaps, families should be encouraged to adopt family planning methods to lessen the number of children. This is particularly relevant because this survey has shown that in fact, households want more children than they already have in spite of the overcrowding!

Environmental Management

Build more drainage systems with sufficient capacity to handle rainwater

The first component (proper disposal of solid waste) is adequate for most (97.5%) households. However, most families are wanting in the second component with only a third (34.1%) of families saying that the drainage system in their neighborhood is adequate.

This is one very concrete project that the barangays can undertake as a much-needed infrastructure instead of building not-so-needed infrastructure like waiting sheds etc.

Access to Other Basic Services


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Increase access to exclusive access electricity

Only a little more than half (59.8%) have electric meters of their own. This needs to be improved by taking advantage of programs like the DAP if it still exists. There are any advantages to having one’s own electricity connection. First, it is cheaper than buying from a neighbor. Second, it is also safer than having multiple users for only one meter. Thirdly, having electricity allows one to undertake economic activities (selling ice candy etc.) that can augment the family’s meager income.

Build more health centers that have enough supply of medicine for common illnesses

Access to health services is also not sufficient because not all have access to health centers (78.9%) and only less than one-third (31.6%) of those who needed medicine for common sickness are able to get medicine in sufficient quantity.

Due to the physical characteristics of their environment, residents of urban poor areas, are prone to sickness. Thus it is important that they have access to health centers. Also, they must have access to sufficient quantities of medicine for at least the most common sicknesses because such common sickness if left untreated can turn serious. Of course, these health hazards only make it even more difficult for urban poor families to get our of their present economic circumstances.

Build more educational institutions especially day care, high schools and vocational schools.

The number of accessible day care centers is very low especially when compared to Payatas. Day care centers are important because they provide the first step in the ladder of education. If the access to the first step is wanting, then how can children move on to the next step?

Physical access to high school is also very poor. Again, high schools are important because many employers require applicants for work to have at least a high school diploma. If schools are far, then transportation costs will likely prevent children from going to school since it will eat up much of the already low household income. Again, this inability to send children to school will also have implications on the ability of the household to sustain itself economically in the long term.

There are no vocational schools accessible to the families in the barangay. The importance of vocational schools has been discussed earlier.


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