Mc lcI.Bo h thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn ti Vit Nam:31.Cc khi nim32.iu kin chung i vi thit k b tr c bo h33.Xc lp quyn s hu cng nghip i vi thit k b tr43.1.Ch c quyn th ng k thit k b tr43.2.Yu cu v n ng k bo h53.3.Th tc x l n ng k v cp vn bng bo h63.4.Vn bng bo h- Thi gian bo h63.4.1.Thi gian bo h73.4.2.Chm dt hiu lc ca vn bng bo h:73.4.3.Hy b hiu lc ca vn bng bo h:73.4.4.Sa i vn bng bo h:74.Quyn v ngha v ca ch s hu thit k b tr84.1.Cc quyn ca ch s hu thit k b tr84.1.1.Quyn s dng thit k b tr ca ch s hu84.1.2.Quyn ngn cm ca ch s hu84.1.3.Quyn nh ot thit k b tr ca ch s hu94.1.4.Quyn tm thi i vi thit k b tr104.2.Ngha v ca ch s hu thit k b tr104.2.1.Ngha v tr th lao cho tc gi thit k b tr104.2.2.Quyn ca tc gi thit k b tr11II.Bo h quc t v thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn111.Gii thiu v Hip c Washington v thit k b tr v Hip nh TRIPS111.1.Hip c Washington v s hu tr tu lin quan n mch tch hp bn dn....111.2.Hip nh TRIPs v bo h s b tr mch tch hp122.C ch bo h133.Ngha v bo h thit k b tr134.Yu cu v tnh nguyn gc135.Hnh thc bo h php l:146.Cc hnh vi bt hp php:147.Cc hnh vi khng c xem l xm phm quyn:148.Thi hn bo h:15III.Nhn xt v c ch bo h thit k b tr ca Vit Nam so vi quc t16

I. Bo h thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn ti Vit Nam:1. Cc khi nim Theo iu 4 Lut S hu tr tu Vit Nam nh ngha:Mch tch hp bn dn l sn phm di dng thnh phm hoc bn thnh phm, trong cc phn t - vi t nht mt phn t tch cc v mt shoc tt c cc mi lin kt c gn lin bn trong hoc bn trn tm vt liubn dn v nhm thc hin chc nng in t. "Mch tch hp" ngngha vi "IC", "chip" v "mch vi in t"Thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn l cu trc khng gian ca cc phn t mch v cc mi lin kt cc phn t trong mch tch hp bn dn (sau y gi l "Thit k b tr").Tc gi thit k b tr l ngi hoc nhng ngi to ra thit kb tr bng lao ng sng to ca mnh. Nhng ngi chgip , h tr v k thut, vt cht, kinh ph nhng khng gp phn to ra thit k b tr bng lao ng sng to ca mnh th khng c coi l tc gi.2. iu kin chung i vi thit k b tr c bo hTheo iu 68 Lut S hu tr tu , thit k b tr c bo h nu: c tnh nguyn gc v tnh mi thng mi.Tnh nguyn gc c ngha l thit k b tr l thnh qu lao ng sng to, n lc tr tu ca chnh tc gi to ra v khng mang tnh ph thng. Thit k b tr c tnh ph thng nu c bit n mt cch rng ri v d dng vo thi im to ra thit k b tr . Thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn l s kt hp cc phn t, cc mi lin kt thng thng ch c coi l c tnh nguyn gc nu ton b s kt hp c tnh nguyn gc.Thit k b tr c coi l c tnh mi thng mi nu cha c khai thc thng mi ti bt k ni no trn th gii trc ngy np n ng k.Tuy nhin, thit k b tr khng b coi l mt tnh mi thng mi nu n ng k thit k b tr c np trong thi hn hai nm k t ngy thit k b tr c ngi c quyn ng k hoc ngi c ngi cho php khai thc thng mi ln u tin ti bt k ni no trn th gii. Khai thc thng mi y c hiu l hnh vi phn phi cng khai nhm mc ch thng mi i vi mch tch hp bn dn c sn xut theo thit k b tr hoc hng ho cha mch tch hp bn dn . Lu cc i tng sau y khng c bo h vi danh ngha thit k b tr:Th nht, cc i tng Cc nguyn l, quy trnh, h thng, phng php c thc hin bi mch tch hp bn dn. Nu bo h nhng i tng trn th khng ch th no c s dng nguyn l, quy trnh, phng php vo nghin cu sn xut ra cc sn phm l mch tch hp bn dn khc..Th hai, thng tin phn mm cha trong mch tch hp bn dn. Bi cc thng tin c th c bo h l sng ch, phn mm c bo h theo quy nh quyn tc gi.3. Xc lp quyn s hu cng nghip i vi thit k b tr3.1. Ch th c quyn ng k thit k b tr

Theo iu 86 Lut S hu tr tu v Ngh nh 42/2003/N-CP v bo h quyn s hu cng nghip i vi thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn: T chc, c nhn Vit Nam; c nhn nc ngoi ti Vit Nam; t chc c nhn nc ngoi c c s sn xut kinh doanh ti Vit Nam, c quyn np n ng k xc lp quyn s hu cng nghip i vi thit k b tr ti Cc S hu tr tu, hoc trc tip hoc thng qua i din hp php ti Vit Nam.C nhn nc ngoi khng thng tr ti Vit Nam, t chc c nhn nc ngoi khng c c s sn xut kinh doanh ti Vit Nam np n thng qua i din hp php ti Vit Nam. C nhn, t chc c quyn ng k thit k b tr l: Tc gi to ra thit k b tr bng cng sc v chi ph ca mnh; T chc, c nhn u t kinh ph, phng tin vt cht cho tc gi di hnh thc giao vic, thu vic, tr trng hp cc bn c tho thun khc. Trng hp nhiu t chc, c nhn cng nhau to ra hoc u t to ra thit k b tr th cc t chc, c nhn u c quyn ng k v quyn ng k ch c thc hin nu c tt c cc t chc, c nhn ng .Nu nhiu t chc, c nhn c lp vi nhau to ra thit k b tr trng nhau th tt c cc t chc, c nhn u c quyn np n yu cu cp Vn bng bo h v cc Vn bng bo h (nu c cp) c hiu lc c lp vi nhau. (Khon 4, iu 10, Ngh nh 42/2003).Trng hp c s u t kinh ph ca nh nc th quyn ng k ca nh nc i vi sng ch, kiu dng cng nghip, thit k b tr qui nh ti iu 9 Ngh nh 103/2006/N-CP.Ngi c quyn ng k thit k b tr c quyn chuyn giao quyn ng k cho t chc, c nhn khc di hnh thc hp ng bng vn bn, tha k hoc k tha theo quy nh ca php lut, k c trng hp np n ng k.Nh vy, php lut Vit Nam xc nh quyn np n l ch th u t ti chnh, phng tin vt cht ch khng phi l ca tc gi sng to ra thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn .V d: cng ty A thu B nghin cu sng to ra thit k b tr mch tch hp X th ch th c quyn np n l cng ty A v cng ty l ch th u t ti chnh to ra i tng trn, tr trng hp cc bn c tha thun khc.3.2. Yu cu v n ng k bo hn ng k bo h i vi thit k b tr l tp hp cc ti liu liu lin quan n i tng bo h gm: T khai ng k theo mu do Cc s hu tr tu pht hnh Ti liu, mu vt, thng tin xc nh thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn. Bn v, nh chp thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn. Thng tin v chc nng, cu to ca mch tch hp bn dn sn xut theo thit k b tr. Mu mch tch hp bn dn sn xut theo thit k b tr nu thit k b tr c khai thc thng mi.Ngoi nhng ti liu trn trong n cn c: Giy y quyn nu n np thng qua i din. Ti liu chng minh quyn ng k nu ngi np n c th hng quyn t ngi khc. Ti liu chng minh quyn u tin nu n c yu cu quyn u tin. Chng t np l ph, ph ng k. Ti liu chng minh quyn ng k. Ti liu chng minh quyn u tin bao gm bn sao n hoc cc n u tin c xc nhn ca c quan nhn n u tin. Giy chuyn nhng quyn u tin nu quyn c th hng t ngi khc. Cc ti liu khc b tr cho n.V nguyn tc mi n ng k ch c yu cu cp mt vn bng cho mt thit k b trn ng k phi lm bng ting Vit, tr mt vi ti liu c th c lm bng ngn ng khc nhng phi dch ra ting Vit khi Cc S hu cng nghip c yu cu.3.3. Th tc x l n ng k v cp vn bng bo hC quan nh nc c thm quyn s tip nhn n ca c nhn, t chc nu c t nht cc thng tin v ti liu sau y: T khai ng k thit k b tr trong c y thng tin xc nh ngi np n l ngi c quyn. Cc chng t np l ph.Ngy np n l ngy n c c quan qun l nh nc v quyn s hu cng nghip tip nhn hoc l ngy np n quc t i vi n np theo iu c quc t.Sau khi tip nhn n, Cc S hu tr tu s tin hnh thm nh tnh hp l ca n trong thi hn mt thng k t ngy np n.n ng k b coi l khng hp l trong cc trng hp: n khng p ng cc yu cu v hnh thc i tng nu trong n l i tng khng c bo h. Ngi np n khng c quyn ng k. Ngi np n khng ng quy nh ca php lut. Ngi np n cha np ph v l ph.Nu n ng k iu kin theo lut nh, th c quan nh nc c thm quyn s ra thng bo chp nhn n. n ng k c cng b di hnh thc tra cu trc tip ti Cc S hu tr tu, nhng khng c sao chp. i vi b mt trong n th ch c quan c thm quyn mi c php tra cu.K t ngy c cng b trn Cng bo s hu cng nghip n trc ngy ra quyt nh cp vn bng bo h. Bt k ngi th ba no cng c quyn kin vi c quan qun l nh nc v vic cp hay khng cp vn bng bo h i vi n . n ng k thit k b tr b t chi cp vn bng bo h nu khng p ng cc yu cu v hnh thc v ni dung ti iu 109 Lut S hu tr tu. Thng bo t chi c gi cho ng s trong nu r l do ca vic t chi. Ngi b t chi c quyn khiu ni hoc khi kin trc Ta n.Nu n ng k khng thuc trng hp t chi do lut nh v ngi np n np l ph y d th c quan nh nc v quyn s hu cng nghip quyt nh cp vn bng bo h v ghi nhn vo S ng k quc gia v s hu cng nghip.3.4. Vn bng bo h- Thi gian bo h3.4.1. Thi gian bo h Nu n yu cu bo h c chp nhn, Cc S hu tr tu s cp cho ng s vn bng bo h di hnh thc Giy chng nhn ng k thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn.Giy chng nhn c hiu lc t ngy cp v chm dt vo ngy sm nht trong s nhng ngy sau y: Kt thc mi nm k t ngy np n; Kt thc mi nm k t ngy thit k b tr c ngi c quyn ng k hoc ngi c ngi cho php khai thc thng mi ln u tin ti bt k ni no trn th gii; Kt thc mi lm nm k t ngy to ra thit k b tr.3.4.2. Chm dt hiu lc ca vn bng bo h: Vn bng bo h b chm dt hiu lc trong cc trng hp sau y, quy nh ti iu 95 Lut S hu tr tu v iu 16 Ngh nh 42/2003: Ch vn bng bo h tuyn b t b quyn c hng theo vn bng bo h. Thi im chm dt hiu lc ca vn bng bo h c tnh t ngy tuyn b t b ca ch vn bng bo h. Ch s hu khng cn tn ti m khng c ngi k tha hp php. Thi im chm dt hiu lc ca vn bng bo h c tnh t ngy ch s hu chm dt tn ti.3.4.3. Hy b hiu lc ca vn bng bo h:Mi t chc, c nhn c quyn np n yu cu Cc S hu tr tu hy b hiu lc ca Vn bng bo h. Cn c vo kt qu xem xt n yu cu, Cc trng Cc S hu tr tu ra Quyt nh hy b mt phn hoc ton b hiu lc Vn bng bo h hoc thng bo t chi chp nhn yu cu hy b hiu lc Vn bng bo h trong cc trng hp sau: Hy b ton b hiu lc ca vn bng bo h khi: Ch vn bng l ngi khng c thm quyn ng k (Khng l i tng ti iu 86 Lut S hu tr tu). Thit k b tr c bo h khng p ng iu kin bo h (Khng p ng iu 68, iu 69, iu 70, iu 71 Lut S hu tr tu). Hy b mt phn hiu lc ca vn bng trong trng hp phn khng p ng c iu kin bo h.3.4.4. Sa i vn bng bo h:Ch vn bng bo h c quyn yu cu Cc S hu tr tu sa i nhng ni dung sau trong vn bng bo h. Ni dung yu cu sa i khng xut pht t li ca ca c quan qun l nh nc v quyn s hu cng nghip. Ni dung c sa i b hn ch theo quy nh ti Khon 1 iu 97 Lut S hu tr tu. Ni dung yu cu sa i xut pht t li ca ca c quan qun l nh nc v quyn s hu cng nghip. Ni dung c sa i khng b hn ch theo quy nh ti Khon 2 iu 97 Lut S hu tr tu. Ch vn bng bo h c quyn yu cu thu hp phm vi quyn s hu cng nghip; trong trng hp ny c quan c thm quyn phi thm nh li ni dung n ng k s hu cng nghip. 4. Quyn v ngha v ca ch s hu thit k b tr4.1. Cc quyn ca ch s hu thit k b tr4.1.1. Quyn s dng thit k b tr ca ch s huCh s hu thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn l t chc, c nhn c c quan c thm quyn cp vn bng bo h i vi thit k b tr. Theo khon 3, iu 124, Lut s hu tr nm 2005 c sa i, b sung nm 2009 c quy nh chi tit cc hnh vi sau c xem l s dng thit k b tr ca ch s hu thit k b tr; ch s hu c quyn s dng, nh ot, cho php ngi khc s dng: Sao chp thit k b tr; sn xut mch tch hp bn dn theo thit k b tr c bo h; Bn, cho thu, qung co, cho hng hoc tng tr cc bn sao thit k b tr, mch tch hp bn dn sn xut theo thit k b tr hoc hng ho cha mch tch hp bn dn sn xut theo thit k b tr c bo h. Nhp khu bn sao thit k b tr, mch tch hp bn dn sn xut theo thit k b tr hoc hng ho cha mch tch hp bn dn sn xut theo thit k b tr c bo h.4.1.2. Quyn ngn cm ca ch s hu Ch s hu thit k b tr c cp bng bo h c quyn ngn cm ngi khc khng s dng thit k b tr trong trng hp thit k b tr b chim ot, s dng tri php lut. Tuy nhin, quyn ny b gii hn trong cc trng hp sau y: Vic s dng thit k b tr ch nhm phc v nhu cu c nhn hoc mc ch phi thng mi, nghin cu, ging dy. Lu thng, nhp khu, khai thc cng dng ca sn phm c a ra th trng, k c th trng nc ngoi mt cch hp php. S dng thit k b tr nhm mc ch duy tr hot ng ca cc phng tin vn ti ca ngi nc ngoi ang qu cnh hoc tm thi nm trong lnh th Vit Nam. S dng thit k b tr khng bit hoc khng c ngha v phi bit thit k b tr c bo h. hn ch tnh trng gian ln trong vic s dng thit k b tr cng nh bo v ch s hu. iu 126 Lut S hu tr tu c quy nh cc hnh vi sau y b coi l xm phm quyn ca ch s hu thit k b tr: S dng thit k b tr c bo h hoc bt k phn no c tnh nguyn gc ca thit k b tr trong thi hn hiu lc ca vn bng bo h m khng c php ca ch s hu; S dng thit k b tr m khng tr tin n b theo quy nh v quyn tm thi quy nh ti Lut S hu tr tu.Ti Ngh nh s 97/2010/N-CP ngy 21/9/2010 quy nh v cc hnh vi vi phm, hnh thc x pht, mc pht, bin php khc phc hu qu; th tc np n yu cu x l vi phm; thm quyn, th tc gii quyt n yu cu x l vi phm; thm quyn, th tc x pht v thi hnh quyt nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc s hu cng nghip. C th:Th mi hnh vi vi phm hnh chnh ch b p dng mt hnh thc x pht chnh l cnh co hoc pht tin. Pht tin c p dng theo khung tin pht quy nh i vi mi hnh vi vi phm hnh chnh quy nh ti iu khon tng ng ca Ngh nh ny quy nh mc pht ti a cho cc hnh vi vi phm l 500.000.000 ng. Ngoi ra c nhn t chc vi phm cn b p dng cc hnh thc x pht b sung v bin php khc phc hu qu theo quy nh.4.1.3. Quyn nh ot thit k b tr ca ch s huCh s hu c quyn nh ot thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn. Ch s hu i tng s hu cng nghip c quyn nh ot chuyn giao cho ngi khc hoc t b quyn s hu.Vic chuyn nhng quyn s dng thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn phi c lp thnh hp ng bng vn bn. Hp ng ny theo quy nh ti iu 143 Lut S hu tr tu c hai dng: Hp ng c quyn theo trong phm vi v thi hn chuyn nhng, bn nhn chuyn nhng c c quyn s dng thit k b tr, bn chuyn quyn khng c k kt hp ng s dng thit k b tr ny vi bt k bn th ba no, v ch c s dng thit k b tr nu c bn nhn chuyn quyn cho php. Hp ng khng c quyn theo trong phm vi v thi hn chuyn giao quyn s dng, bn chuyn nhng vn c quyn s dng thit k b tr , quyn k kt hp ng s dng khng c quyn vi ngi khc.Ngoi ra ch s hu c quyn chuyn nhng quyn s hu cng nghip i vi thit k b tr. Vic chuyn nhng phi tun th theo quy nh ca php lut v s hu tr tu v phi c thc hin di hnh thc hp ng bng vn bn. Vic chuyn giao quyn s hu cng nghip i vi thit k b tr c thchin di hnh thc chuyn nhng theo tho thun, tha k, chuyn dch trong trng hp sp nhp, hp nht, chia tch... php nhn. Trng hp quyn s hu cng nghip i vi thit k b tr thuc s hu chung,vic chuyn giao phi c s ng ca tt c cc ch s hu chung.4.1.4. Quyn tm thi i vi thit k b tri vi thit k b tr c ngi c quyn ng k hoc ngi c ngi cho php khai thc thng mi trc ngy cp Giy chng nhn ng k thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn, nu ngi c quyn ng k bit rng thit k b tr ang c ngi khc s dng nhm mc ch thng mi th ngi c quyn thng bo bng vn bn v quyn ng k ca mnh i vi thit k b tr cho ngi s dng ngi chm dt vic s dng thit k b tr hoc tip tc s dng.Trong trng hp c thng bo m ngi c thng bo vn tip tc s dng thit k b tr th khi Giy chng nhn ng k thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn c cp, ch s hu thit k b tr c quyn yu cu ngi s dng thit k b tr phi tr mt khon tin n b tng ng vi gi chuyn giao quyn s dng thit k b tr trong phm vi v thi hn s dng tng ng.4.2. Ngha v ca ch s hu thit k b tr4.2.1. Ngha v tr th lao cho tc gi thit k b trCh s hu thit k b tr c ngha v tr th lao cho tc gi thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn theo quy nh nh sau: Trong sut thi hn hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn ng k thit k b tr, ch thit k b tr c ngha v tr th lao cho tc gi thit k b tr theo quy nh sau y, tr trng hp ch thit k b tr v tc gi thit k b tr c tha thun khc: Mc th lao ti thiu tr cho tc gi l 10% s tin lm li thu c trong mi nm s dng thit k b tr hoc 15% tng s tin m ch thit k b tr nhn c trong mi ln nhn tin thanh ton do chuyn giao quyn s dng thit k b tr. Trong trng hp thit k b tr do nhiu tc gi to ra, mc th lao ni trn l mc dnh cho tt c cc ng tc gi, cc ng tc gi t tha thun v vic phn chia s tin th sao do ch thit k b tr tr. Nu gia ch s hu v tc gi khng c tha thun khc, vic thanh ton tin th lao c thc hin khng mun hn 30 ngy, k t ngy ch s hu nhn c tin thanh ton do chuyn giao quyn s dng hoc k t ngy ch s hu thu c li sau mi t s dng thit k b tr, nu thit k b tr c s dng lin tc th mi t thanh ton khng c qu 6 thng, k t ngy kt thc t thanh ton trc.4.2.2. Quyn ca tc gi thit k b trTc gi l ngi trc tip sng to ra thit k b tr, trong trng hp c hai ngi tr ln cng nhau trc tip sng to thit k b tr th h l ng tc gi. Cc tc gi c cc quyn nhn thn v quyn ti sn quy nh ti iu 122 Lut S hu tr tu. Quyn nhn thn ca tc gi thit k b tr bao gm cc quyn: c ghi tn l tc gi trong Giy chng nhn ng k thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn; c nu tn l tc gi trong cc ti liu cng b, gii thiu thit k b tr Quyn ti sn ca tc gi thit k b tr l quyn c nhn th lao theo quy nh ti iu 135 Lut S hu tr tu. Trong trng hp ng tc gi th th lao c tr l mc dnh chung cho tt c cc tc gi. Thi gian tr th lao l sut thi gian bo h thit k b tr .II. Bo h quc t v thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn1. Gii thiu v Hip c Washington v thit k b tr v Hip nh TRIPS1.1. Hip c Washington v s hu tr tu lin quan n mch tch hp bn dnK t u nhng nm 1980, vi cch nhn v tm quan trng ca cng ngh hin i v vic s dng my tnh gp phn cho s pht trin ca t nc trong tng lai, cc nh lp php ca nhiu nc xem vic bo h i vi thit k cc mch in t s dng trong my tnh v nhiu sn phm in t khc nh radio v tivi l mt vn bc thit v cn c quy nh c th.Hng lot o lut quc gia c ban hnh trong c Lut bo h vi mch dn ca Ha K nm 1984. Trc tng c quan im cho rng thit k b tr nn c bo h theo h thng lut v quyn tc gi. Tuy nhin khi Hoa K, mt nc dn u th gii v cng ngh mch tch hp li c nhiu mi lo ngi v quan im ny trong vic bo h cho ngnh cng nghip ca mnh. Hoa K cho rng nu cc nc khc khng bo h thit k b tr theo lut bn quyn tc gi, Hoa K c th p dng nguyn tc i x quc gia bo h thit k b tr cho cng dn ca cc nc khng tha nhn vic bo h chng; hai l vi k thut phn tch ngc (l vic s dng cc cc thit k b tr hin c nhm tip tc ci tin chng , cc cng ty khc c php s dng k thut ny pht trin v to ra cc phin bn thit k b tr ca ring h) trong ngnh cng nghip mch tch hp s khng ph hp vi khi nim s dng lnh mnh c hu ht lut bn quyn tc gi ca cc nc bo v. V vy o lut v bo h vi mch bn dn ca Hoa K tch mch tch hp ra khi cc iu c quc t v s hu tr tu v c hp php ha bng vic ban hnh Hip c v s hu tr tu lin quan n mch tch hp bn dn c k kt ti Washington ngy 26/5/1989 vi cc quy nh tng t nh o lut ny trong ch bo h c qua c li v cho php tin hnh k thut phn tch ngc.Tuy nhin trn thc t, Hip c Washington li khng c hiu lc thi hnh v khng thu ht c nhiu nc ( ch yu l nc pht trin) k kt.1.2. Hip nh TRIPs v bo h s b tr mch tch hpHip nh TRIPs quy nh vic bo h s b tr mch tch hp trn c s Hip nh Washington v quyn SHTT trong lnh vc mch tch hp ( iu 35). Cc im cha tha ng nhn thy c ca Hip c Washington c gii quyt bng vic b sung cc iu t 36 n 39 ca Hip nh TRIPs .Trong , Hip c v s hu tr tu i vi mch tch hp bao gm nh ngha mch tch hp v thit k b tr, cc iu kin bo h, cc c quyn, nhng gii hn v khai thc, ng k, m thit k b tr mch tch hp.Cc quy nh v thit k b tr mch tch hp trong Hip nh TRIPS b sung bn vn quan trng ng k cho Hip c Washington v s hu tr tu i vi mch tch hp. l: Kh nng bo h sn phm cha thit k b tr bt hp php (iu 36) X l ngi vi phm khng c li, l ngi thc hin hnh vi nhp khu, bn hoc phn phi di hnh thc khc nhm mc ch thng mi mch tch hp cha thit k b tr b sao chp bt hp php hoc bt k sn phm no cha mch hp nh vy nu ti thi im tip nhn mch tch hp hoc sn phm cha mch tch hp m khng bit hoc khng c cn c hp l bit rng trong cha thit k b tr b sao chp bt hp l (iu 37.1) p dng cc quy nh ti iu 31 Hip nh TRIPS i vi chuyn giao khng t nguyn quyn s dng thit k b tr hoc s dng thit k b tr do Chnh ph thc hin m khng c php ca ch th nm gi quyn, thay cho cc quy nh v bt buc chuyn giao quyn s dng thit k b tr (li-xng bt buc) trong Hip c v s hu tr tu i vi thit k b tr mch tch hp (iu 37.2).2. C ch bo hTrong Hip c Washington, c ch bo h gm u tin l ngha v bo h quyn s hu tr tu i vi thit k b tr c quy nh ti iu 3 Hip c. Theo sau l hnh thc bo h php l c quy nh ti iu 4 cng vi nguyn tc i x quc gia c quy nh ti iu 5. iu 6.1 lit k cc hnh vi c xem l bt hp php nu c thc hin khi khng c php ca ch s hu quyn. Quy nh v vic bo v k thut phn tch ngc c th hin ti iu 6.2.b. iu 7 Hip c Washington quy nh vic ng k thit k b tr.Hip nh TRIPs quy nh cc thnh vin phi bo h trn c s ca Hip c Washington, nhng vi mt s quy nh b sung: Thi hn bo h ti thiu l 10 nm Cc quyn ny phi bao gm c nhng iu khon x l nhng thit k b tr vi phm : nhng ngi vi phm m khng bit mnh vi phm c php s dng hoc bn hng ha tip nhn hoc t trc thi im bit vic vi phm nhng phi tr mt khon tin bn quyn hp l v trng hp s dng ca chnh ph v vic s dng li-xng khng t nguyn ch c cho php km theo rt nhiu iu kin nghim khc ( iu 36 ca Hip nh b sung cho iu 6.2 ca Hip c Washington, quy nh chi tit phm vi bo h thit k b tr ).3. Ngha v bo h thit k b tr Ngha v bo h cc thit k b tr c quy nh ti iu 3.1 ca Hip c Washington . Hip c bt buc cc bn k kt phi bo m ch bo h s hu tr tu i vi cc thit k b tr (cch sp xp) ph hp vi Hip c ,k c vic cm cc hnh vi bt hp php v quy nh cc ch ti php l thch hp x l cc hnh vi ( iu 3.1.a ). Vic bo h theo Hip c s c p dng bt lun mch tch hp c nm trong sn phm hay khng ( iu 3.1.b ). Hip c cng cho php cc bn khng bo h thit k b tr mch tch hp cho n khi thit k b tr c khai thc thng mi mt cch ring r hoc c kt hp vi mt mch tch hp ti mt ni no ( iu 3.1.c ).iu 7.1 Hip c Washington cho php cc Bn k kt khng bo h thit k b tr (cch sp xp) cho n khi thit k b tr c khai thc thng mi bnh thng thng mt cch ring r hoc c kt hp trong mt mch tch hp mt ni no trn th gii. 4. Yu cu v tnh nguyn gcYu cu ca Hip c i vi sn phm c bo h l phi c tnh nguyn gc theo ngha cc thit k b tr l thnh qu ca s sng to, khng phi l kin thc thng thng ti thi im sng to.( iu 3.2.a) V iu 3.2.b cho php bo h cc phn t thng thng ca thit k b tr nu s kt hp cc phn t l ngun gc theo ngha nu ti im (a) trn y.5. Hnh thc bo h php l:Cn c theo iu 4 ca Hip c Washington v SHTT mch tch hp th mi bn k kt c t do thc hin cc ngha v ca mnh theo Hip c ny bng: Mt lut ring v thit k b tr (Topograph) Lut ca mnh v quyn tc gi, patent(bng sng ch), mu hu ch, kiu dng cng nghip, cnh tranh khng lnh mnh. Bt c lut no khc hoc di hnh thc kt hp gia cc lut .6. Cc hnh vi bt hp php:Hip nh TRIPS a ra mt hnh vi ngn cm b sung i vi nhng hnh vi c lit k trong Hip c Washington, l bt k hnh vi no lin quan ti vt phm c cha mt mch tch hp, song ch khi vt cn tip tc cha ng mt thit k b tr b sao chp bt hp php.Cn c theo iu 36 ca Hip nh TRIPS th nhng hnh vi sau c coi l bt hp php, nu thc hin m khng c php ca ngi nm gi quyn, khi sn phm vn cn cha thit kt b tr b sao chp bt hp php: Nhp khu, bn, phn phi hoc di hnh thc khc nhm mc ch thng mi thit k b tr ang c bo h, mch tch hp th hin thit k b tr ang c bo h hoc sn phm cha mch tch hp nh vy.Hip nh TRIPS quy nh rng cc hnh vi thc hin do v s khng b coi l vi phm (iu 6(4) hip c Washington r rng cho php nhng ngoi l nh vy. Song phi thanh ton mt khon th lao hp l i vi hng ha vn cn trong kho sau khi c thng bo (iu 37.1)7. Cc hnh vi khng c xem l xm phm quyn: l cc hnh vi khng cn c s cho php ca ngi nm gi quyn, cc hnh vi l: K thut phn tch ngc: iu 6.2.a ca Hip c Washington cho php s dng, sao chp khng cn xin php ch s hu nhm mc ch c nhn hoc nhm mt mc ch duy nht phn tch, nh gi, nghin cu hoc ging dy. Nu trn c s phn tch v nh gi m mt ch th to ra c mt thit k b tr nguyn gc, hip c cho php kt hp thit k b tr trong mt mch tch hp hoc thc hin mt hnh vi bt k ti giai on phn tch, nh gi m khng b coi l xm phm quyn ca ch s hu sn phm c phn tch, nh gi; To ra mt cch c lp: Hip c khng cho php ch th c quyn i vi thit k b tr (cch sp xp) thc hin quyn ca mnh i vi mt thit k trng lp nhng c to ra mt cch c lp. Xm phm do v tnh/khng c : iu 6.4 ca Hip c Washington cho php cc bn k kt khng coi cc hnh vi l tri nu khi tip cn mch tch hp ni trn, ngi thc hin hoc ngi ra lnh thc hin hnh vi khng bit hoc khng c c s bit rng mch tch hp mang thit k b tr b sao chp mt cch bt hp php. Tng t , iu 37 Hip nh TRIPS khng coi l vi phm iu cm quy nh trong iu 36 i vi cc hnh vi nhp khu, bn hoc phn phi theo cch khc v mc ch thng mi mt mch tch hp cha thit k b tr sao chp bt hp php hoc mt sn phm bt k cha mt mch tch hp khi ngi thc hin hoc ngi ra lnh thc hin hnh vi khng bit hoc khng c c s bit mch tch hp mang thit k b tr b sao chp mt cch bt hp php.Nu ngi v tnh xm phm nhn c thng bo y rng thit k b tr b sao chp mt cch bt hp php, iu 37 cho php ngi thc hin hnh vi bt k trong s cc hnh vi b cm i vi hng ha tip nhn hoc c t mua trc khi nhn c thng bo , tuy nhin phi tr cho ngi nm gi quyn mt khon tin tng ng vi khon tin bn quyn nh thanh ton theo hp ng li-xng t nguyn i vi thit k b tr .Trong trng hp mt li-xng khng t nguyn pht sinh do vic v tnh xm phm quyn ca ch s hu, iu 37.2 p dng cc nguyn tc ca li- xng bt buc quy nh ti cc on (a) n (k) ca iu 31.8. Thi hn bo h:Khi ng k l iu kin bt buc ca vic bo h, iu 38 ca Hip nh TRIPS quy nh rng: Ti nhng Thnh vin quy nh rng ng k l iu kin bo h, thi hn bo h thit k b tr khng c kt thc trc khi kt thc 10 nm tnh t ngy np n ng k hoc t ngy vic khai thc nhm mc ch thng mi xy ra ln u tin bt k ni no trn th gii.Ti nhng Thnh vin khng quy nh ng k l iu kin bo h, cc thit k b tr phi c bo h trong thi hn khng di 10 nm tnh t ngy vic khai thc nhm mc ch thng mi xy ra ln u tin bt c ni no trn th gii.Bt k khon 1 v khon 2 trn y, Thnh vin c th quy nh rng thi hn bo h s chm dt khi ht 15 nm k t khi to ra thit k b tr.III. Nhn xt v c ch bo h thit k b tr ca Vit Nam so vi quc tKhi gia nhp WTO, Vit Nam s phi tun th cc quy nh v s hu tr tu theo hip nh lin quan n thng mi ca quyn s hu tr tu (TRIPs). V Hip nh TRIPS i hi mi quc gia thnh vin ca WTO phi xy dng h thng bo h S hu tr tu theo cc tiu chun ti thiu thng nht. Mt cch tng qut, cc tiu chun ti thiu n nh trong Hip nh TRIPS nhm bo m cho mi quc gia thnh vin c mt h thng bo h S hu tr tu y v c hiu qu.Vic thc hin Hip nh TRIPs c th mang li nhng tc ng tch cc i vi tnh hnh u t ca Vit Nam. C th, TRIPs s mang li cm gic an ton cho cc nh u t t gip lm tng vn u t ng thi thc y qu trnh chuyn giao cng ngh din ra mnh m hn. Ngoi ra, quyn s hu tr tu c tn trng cng s gip khuyn khch cc sng to, nghin cu ci tin sn xut trong nc. C th hy vng rng trong khi hot ng ny nhanh chng tr nn quy c v chuyn nghip hn.Chnh v vy, xy dng v vn hnh mt h thng bo h quyn S hu tr tu quc gia theo chun mc caHip nh v cc kha cnh lin quan n thng mi ca quyn S hu tr tul mt trong nhng yu cu tin quyt c kt np vo WTO. Theo yu cu ca Hip nh TRIPS, mi quc gia thnh vin hoc xin gia nhp WTO phi dnh s bo h quyn S hu tr tu mt cch y v hu hiu cho cng dn ca cc thnh vin WTO khc theo nguyn tc i x quc gia v ti hu quc. C th l cc thnh vin phi c h thng php lut v b my bo h quyn S hu tr tu (quyn tc gi v cc quyn lin quan, sng ch, b mt kinh doanh, nhn hiu, kiu dng cng nghip, thit k b tr mch tch hp, ch dn a l v quyn chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh) p ng cc chun mc ti thiu ca Hip nh TRIPS v ni dung, phm vi, thi hn v bo m thc thi quyn.Nhng phn tch sau c th cho thy Lut S hu tr tu l lut c v hon chnh v y nht trong h thng php lut Vit Nam, v c th ni l quy nh v bo h thit k b tr mch bn dn ni ring cng da vo nhng nguyn tc chun mc ti thiu ca Hip nh TRIPs ban hnh v cc tiu ch bo h thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn c quy nh trong php lut Vit Nam kh tng ng vi Hip c Washington v s hu tr tu lin quan n mch tch hp nm 1989:Theo Hip nh TRIPS, vic bo h thit k b tr mch tch hp da trn cc quy nh ca Hip c Washington (iu 35) v mt s quy nh b sung ca Hip nh TRIPS (iu 36 n iu 38). Trong , Hip c Washington nh ngha mch tch hp v thit k b tr, cc iu kin bo h, cc c quyn, nhng gii hn v khai thc, ng k, m thit k b tr mch tch hp.Cc quy nh v bo h thit k b tr mch bn dn Vit Nam cng da theo cc quy nh ca quc t hnh thnh cc nh ngha v mch tch hp v thit k b tr, iu kin bo h, i tng, thi hn, cc hnh vi khng hp php c bo h th theo Hip c Washington: thit k b tr phi c tnh nguyn gc. Lut s hu tr tu Vit Nam cn quy nh c bo h, thit k b tr cn phi c tnh mi thng mi: Thit k b tr c coi l c tnh mi thng mi nu cha c khai thc thng mi ti bt k ni no trn th gii trc ngy np n ng k. C th nhn thy r s khc nhau gia tnh mi thng mi ca thit k b tr v tnh mi thng mi ca sng ch ch tnh mi ca sng ch l tnh mi tuyt i tnh t ngy np n hoc ngy u tin. Tuy nhin, thit k b tr khng b coi l mt tnh mi thng mi nu n ng k thit k b tr c np trong thi hn hai nm k t ngy thit k b tr c ngi c quyn ng k hoc ngi c ngi cho php khai thc thng mi ln u tin ti bt k ni no trn th gii. Vic quy nh nh vy nhm khuyn khch c nhn, t chc trong nc ng k bo h thit k b tr mch tch hp bn dn ng thi khuyn khch c nhn, t chc nc ngoi mang thit k b tr vo Vit Nam ng k bo h. y l mt lnh vc kh mi m m trong nc cha pht trin, cha c kinh nghim trong sn xut.Theo quy nh ti iu 125 Lut S hu tr tu Vit Nam, ch s hu thit k b tr c cp bng bo h c quyn ngn cm ngi khc khng c s dng thit k b tr. Tuy nhin, quyn ny ca ch s hu b gii hn trong cc trng hp:Vic s dng thit k b tr ch nhm mc ch phi thng mi, ging dy, nghin cu.Lu thng, nhp khu, khai thc cng dng ca sn phm c a ra th trng, k c th trng nc ngoi mt cch hp php.S dng thit k b tr nhm mc ch duy tr hot ng ca cc phng tin vn ti ca ngi nc ngoi ang qu cnh hoc tm thi nm trong lnh th Vit Nam.S dng thit k b tr khi khng bit hoc khng c nghiwx v phi bit thit k b tr c bo h.Quy nh trn ca Lut S hu tr tu cng tng ng vi quy nh ca Hip c Washington v Hip nh TRIPS: Ti iu 6, Mc 2, Hip c Washington; Cc hnh vi khng cn c s cho php ca ngi giquyn:(a) Khng l thuc vokhon (1), khng mt Bn k kt no phi coi l tri php lut i vi vic mt bn th ba thc hinhnh vi sao chp nu ti khon (1)(a)(i),m khng c s ng ca ngi nm quyn, nhm mc ch c nhn hoc ch nhm mc chnh gi, phn tch, nghin cu hoc ging dy.iu 37 Hip nh TRIPS; Cc hnh vi khng cn phi c php ca ngi nm gi quyn:Bt k iu 36, khng mt Thnh vin no c coi l bt hp php vic thc hin bt k hnh vi no nu ti iu i vi mch tch hp cha thit k b tr b sao chp bt hp php hoc bt k sn phm no cha mch tch hp nh vy, nu ti thi im tip nhn mch tch hp hoc sn phm cha mch tch hp ngi thc hin hoc khin ngi khc thc hin nhng hnh vi ni trn khng bit hoc khng c cn c hp l bit rng trong cha thit k b tr b sao chp bt hp php.Bn cnh , php lut S hu tr tu ca Vit Nam cng dnh nhng ni dung cn thit quy nh v chc nng, nhim v, c cu t chc b my ca cc c quan thc hin bo v quyn S hu tr tu v s phi kt hp hnh ng trong thc thi quyn S hu tr tu gia cc c quan nhm x l kp thi, trit cc hnh vi xm phm quyn SHTT, p ng yu cu v tnh hiu qu ca h thng php lut v SHTT ph hp hn khi c p dng vo Vit Nam.H thng php lut SHTT ca Vit Nam cng dnh quyn cho bt k ai cng c quyn ngh c quan cp vn bng bo h (i vi cc i tng thc hin cp vn bng bo h) ra quyt nh chm dt hoc hu b vn bng bo h nu xut hin nhng tnh hung c quy nh v tiu chun bo h hoc tnh trung thc trong qu trnh thc hin th tc ng k. Quy nh tng thch vi lut php quc t ny, h thng SHTT ca Vit Nam hn ch kh nng cp vn bng sai hoc ngi ng k c tnh cht khng trung thc trong qu trnh thc hin ng k, bo m s bnh ng cho mi t chc, c nhn tham gia hot ng SHTT khng phn bit ngi Vit Nam hay ngi nc ngoi, ng thi cng nhm thc hin cam kt quc t v i x bnh ng gia cng dn ca Vit Nam vi cng dn ca cc nc l thnh vin cc iu c quc t m Vit Nam k kt hoc tham gia.Mc d, php lut SHTT ca Vit Nam tng i hon chnh nhng n cng gp nhiu thch thc v kh khn khi nn kinh t ngy cng pht trin, i tng SHTT ngy cng tng cao c bit l bo h v thit k b tr cng rt quan trng v vic to ra mt thit k b tr mch tch hp l mt s u t ln v thi gian v kinh t. Tuy nhin, vic sao chp li din ra rt d dng v ch tn mt chi ph rt nh so vi vic u t ch to ra chng. cng l nguyn nhn c h thng php lut bo h thit k b tr mch tch hp, cn hon thin php lut c th hn ch cc hnh vi sao chp, s dng tri php cc thit k b tr.

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