MC LCI. TNG QUAN N V SN XUT11.1 Lch s thnh lp tng cng ty Bia - Ru - NGK Si Gn SABECO 11.2 Cc sn phm v dch v hin nay21.3 C cu t chc ca SABECO31.4 V th ca SABECO trong ngnh cng nghip bia Vit Nam41.5 Cc thnh tu t c trong 30 nm qua41.6 Nh my Bia Si Gn - Nguyn Ch Thanh51.7 V sinh mi trng71.8 An ton lao ng71.9 Phng chy cha chy (PCCC)91.10 X l cht thi9II. DY CHUYN CNG NGH102.1 Nguyn liu102.2 Cc dng nng lng s dng202.3 Qui trnh cng ngh21III. CHI TIT QUI TRNH CNG NGH223.1 Xng nu223.2 Xng APV333.3 Xng ln men363.4 Xng lc443.5 Xng chit52IV. MY-THIT B614.1 My ra chai614.2 My thanh trng bia chai68V. V SINH CNG NGHIP755.1 Khi nim v CIP755.2 Cc loi vt liu vphn ngvi tc nhntyra755.3 Cc cht lm sch775.4 Tc nhn kh trng775.5 Qui trnh ty ra vkh trngtrong h thngCIP78VI. NHN XT82VII. TI LIU THAM KHO82ii

#

I. TNG QUAN N V SN XUT1.1 Lch s thnh lp tng cng ty Bia - Ru - NGK Si Gn SABECO [footnoteRef:1] Lch s pht trin ca Sabeco gn lin vi qu trnh pht trin mnh m v bn vng ca thng hiu Bia Si Gn, thng hiu dn u Vit Nam trong lnh vc nc ung c cn. C th im qua mt s" giai on chnh: [1: Thng tin c trch t website http://www.sabeco.com.vn]

Giai on 1977-]988+ 01/06/1977: Cng ty Ru Bia Min Nam chnh thc tip nhn v qun l Nh my Bia Ch Ln t hng BGI (Php) v hnh thnh nn nh my Bia Si Gn.+ Nm 1981, ra i X nghip Lin Hip Ru Bia NGK II c chuyn i t Cng ty Ru Bia Min Nam.+ Nm 1988, Nh my Bia Si Gn tr thnh n v hch ton c lp trc thuc X nghip Lin hip Ru Bia NGK II Giai on 1988-1993+ 1989 - 1993: hon thnh h thng i ] vi 20 chi nhnh trn c nc.+ 1993, Nh my Bia Si Gn pht trin thnh cng ty Bia Si Gn vi cc thnh vin: Nh my nc Si Gn Nh my c kh ru bia Nh my nc khong aKaiCng ty Lin doanh Carnaud Metalbox Si Gn sn xut lonCng ty Lin doanh Thy Tinh Malaya Vit Nam sn xut chai thy tinh Giai on 1994-1998+ 1994-1998: h thng tiu th t 31 chi nhnh trn c nc.+ 1995, Cng ty Bia Si Gn thnh lp thnh vin mi X Nghip Vn Ti.+ 1996, tip nhn thnh vin mi Cng Ty Ru Bnh Ty.+ 1996 - 1998: thnh lp cc cng ty lin kt sn xut Bia Si Gn vi cc thnh vin: nh my Bia Ph Yn, nh my Bia cn Th. Giai on ]999-2002:+ 2000, t c h thng Qun l cht lng ca BVQI - ISO 9002:1994 + 2001, t c h thng Qun l cht lng ca BVQI - ISO 9001:2000 + Thnh lp cc cng ty lin kt sn xut bia:2001, Cng ty Bia Sc TrngNh my Bia HenningerNh my Bia Hng Sen2002, Cng ty Bia Lin doanh Bia cn ThNh my Bia H TnhThnh lp Tng kho ti Nha Trang, cn Th, Nng. Giai on 2002 - hin nay:+ 2003, thnh lp Tng cng ty Bia - Ru - NGK Si Gn SABECO trn c s Cng ty Bia Si Gn v tip nhn cc thnh vin mi:Cng ty Nc gii kht Chng Dng Nh my Thy tinh Ph ThCng ty Thng mi Dch V Bia - Ru - NGK Si Gn + 2004, thnh lp Tng cng ty Bia - Ru - NGK Si Gn SABECO chuyn sang t chc v hot ng theo m hnh Cng ty m - cng ty con theo quyt nh s" 37/2004/Q-BCN ca B trng B Cng Nghip.+ 2006, hon chnh h thng phn phi vi 8 Cng ty CPTM SABECO khu vc.+ 2007, Tng cng ty Bia - Ru - NGK Si Gn SABECO lin tc pht trin ln mnh vi quan im ch o l sn xut, kinh doanh cc sn phm Bia Si Gn v u t mi trn nhiu lnh vc, sn phm khc. Hin nay Tng cng ty Bia - Ru - NGK Si Gn SABECO c tng cng 28 thnh vin.1.2 Cc sn phm v dch v hin naySau mt qu trnh pht trin lu di, vi s kt hp ca mt s cng ty thnh vin, SABECO pht trin nhiu lnh vc: bia, ru, nc gii kht, c kh, bao b, vn ti, bt ng sn. Nhng sn xut v kinh doanh bia vn l trng tm pht trin ca cng ty.Cc sn phm ca SABECO cng cc cng ty trc thuc, lin kt: s Bia: bao gm cc sn phm bia chai SAIGON LAGER (450ml), SAIGON EXPORT (355ml), SAIGON SPECIAL (330ml); bia lon 333 (330ml). s Ru: ru Vina Vodka (175 ml, 300 ml, 750 ml), ru Napoleon x.o (175ml, 700ml), ru Bnh Ty (500 ml, 750 ml, 2.7 1), ru Nng Hng (500 ml),... s Nc gii kht: Nc khong DAKAI, X X Chng Dng,...S C kh: bao gm cc sn phm thit b p lc, thit b cng nghip, thit b sn xut bia, kt cu thp v xy dng. s Bao b: chuyn cung cp cc sn phm chai thy tinh, bao b, nt khon, kho bi...SVn ti: giao nhn Bia Si Gn, v phn phi n ci i l, nh phn phi,...SBt ng sn M Linh: xy dng cao c, cho thu vn phng, ca hng bn l.18

19

1.3 C cu t chc ca SABECOa. Cc phng ban, n v trc thuc tng cng ty:+ Vn phng tng cng ty + Ban ti chnh - K ton + Ban tiu th - Th trng - Thng hiu + Ban qun l u t & pht trin + Ban k thut sn xut + Ban cung ng+ Nh my bia trung tm 187 Nguyn Ch Thanh + Nh my Bia Si Gn - c Chib. Cc cng ty trc thuc SABECO+ Cng ty TNHH 1 thnh vin TMDV Bia - ru - NGK Si Gn + Cng ty c phn NGK Chng Dng + Cng ty c phn Ru Bnh Ty+ Cng ty c phn C Kh & Xy lp Cng Nghip - IMECO + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - Ngh Tnh + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - Ph Yn + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - Min Ty + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - H Nam + Cng ty c phn Bia-Ru Si Gn - ng Xun + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - Daklak + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - Bnh Ty + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - Sng Lam + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - Qung Ngi + Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn - Vnh Longc. Cc cng ty lin doanh - Lin kt + Cng ty TNHH Crown Si Gn+ Cng ty TNHH Thy tinh Malaya - Vit Nam + Cng ty TNHH M Linh Point + Cng ty TNHH Bao b SanMiguel - Ph Th + Cng ty TNHH Sn xut ru v cn Vit Nam + Cng ty c phn Bao b - Kho bi Bnh Ty + Cng ty c phn Vn ti v giao nhn Bia Si Gn + Cng ty c phn Nc khong aKai + Cng ty c phn Bao b Sabeco Sng Lam1.4 V th ca SABECO trong ngnh cng nghip bia Vit NamNhn hiu Bia Si Gn lun gi v tr s" 1 v lng tiu th ti Vit Nam t khi thnh lp n nay, cc sn phm ca Sabeco ang chim gn 35% th phn ton quc v xut khu i khong 15 quc gia trn th gii. Sabeco xy dng mt h thng mng li phn phi rng khp trong hn 40 tnh thnh c nc, chuyn i 36 chi nhnh bia khu vc thnh 8 cng ty c phn, cc cng ty gn quyn li v trch nhim vi Tng cng ty, pht trin th trng theo chiu su, ly un tn, ci tin cht lng lm ng lc.1.5 Cc thnh tu t c trong 30 nm qua L n v dn u ton ngnh hon thnh xut sc nhim v chnh tr vi nng sut, cht lng v hiu qu cao, iu ng gp khng nh vo s pht trin kinh t ca ngnh, a phng v t nc. n v hng u trong chnh sch xy dng v pht trin th trng h thng phn phi trong lnh vc kinh doanh sn phm bia ca Vit Nam vi sn lng tiu th chim trn 35% th phn. Thng hiu Bia Si Gn gi vng c uy tn vi khch hng v ngy cng pht trin, xng ng l thng hiu L NIEM T ho ca vit nam. Thu nhp bnh qun cn b cng nhn vin: 1997 t 3,2 triu ng, nm 2006 t 6,0 triu ng/ngi/thng; tng 187,50%. Cng tc x hi: 1997 t 812,4 triu ng; nm 2006 t 3,3 t ng; tng 406,20%. Danh hiu Bia Si Gn - Hng Vit Nam cht lng cao, c ngi tiu dng bnh chn lin tc trong 12 nm t nm 1997. Sn phm Bia lon 333 t Huy Chng Bc ti cuc thi bnh chn Bia quc t t chc ti Australia nm 1999, 2000, v 20011.6Nh my Bia Si Gn - Nguyn Ch Thanh S b" tr mt bng:ng Nguyn Ch Thanh\ \-I1iAH^ru

ooo

'oooooooCh thchIm 1?A,. T bao v2. Kho bia thnh phm3. Kho cha nguyn liu4. Vn phng hnh chnh5. Kho tp kt vt t6. T ng lc C027. Xng chit v ng gi8. T x l nc thi9. Cng trng xy dng10. Khu vc phn phi bia11. T ng lc hi t12. Silo nhp liu xng nu 19. Tank outdoor13. Xng nu14. Phng k thut15. Xng lc16. Ln men chnh17. Xng APV18. Ln men ph Quy m sn xut:Nm 19911992199319941995199619972001Sn lng72.102 79.908 94.810 118.080 143.020166.398173.122250.000(Triu lt)

Trong nhng nm gn y, nh hng pht trin nh my theo hng t ng ha hon ton, gim s" lng nhn vin vn hnh my, gim sn lng sn xut, chuyn i dn thnh nh my kiu mu phc v cho vic tham quan, nghin cu. Cc sn phm ca nh my : Sn phm bia chai SAI GON LAGER

Thng hiu: SAIGON LAGER Bao b: chai thy tinh mu nu, dung tch 450 ml. Ch tiu cht lng ch yu: cn 4.3% th tch. c tnh k thut: s dng nguyn liu l malt, go, hoa houblon, nc. c tnh s dng: s dng tt nht 10 - 12c. Th trng tiu th: trn ton quc. Sn phm bia chai SAIGON EXPORT Thng hiu : SAIGON EXPORT Bao b: chai thy tinh mu nu, dung tch 355 ml. Ch tiu cht lng ch yu: cn 4.9% th tch.y- c tnh k thut: s dng nguyn liu l malt, go, hoa houblon, nc. c tnh s dng: s dng tt nht 10 - 12c. Th trng tiu th: min ng v Ty Nam b, min Trung. Xut khu: Php, M, c, c, Hongkong, Nht, EU, Singapore. Sn phm bia lon 333 EXPORT Thng hiu : 333 EXPORT Bao b: lon nhm, dung tch 330 ml. Ch tiu cht lng ch yu: cn 5.3% th tch. c tnh k thut: s dng nguyn liu malt, go, hoa houblon, nc. c tnh s dng: s dng tt nht 10 - 12c . Th trng tiu th: ton quc. Xut khu i: M, Nht, Nga, i Loan.

1.7 V sinh mi trng[footnoteRef:2] [2: Ch yu tp trung xng nu, xng ln men v y l ni quyt nh cht lng sn phm. Th 2 u tun l ngy ton b cc phn xng tng v sinh, sa cha v bo tr my mc - thit b.]

Qui nh v tr m mt, gin, chut Dit chut : 3 thng mt ln, t by dit chut ti cc phng ln men vo ngy ngh sn xut tun cui thng do cc an ton vin phn xng thc hin. Dit mi mt : 6 thng mt ln ti khu vc vn phng phn xng, do nhn vin tr m bn ngoi lm vo tun cui thng 6 v thng 12. V sinh mi trng lm vic-Yu cu k thut ca mi trng: khng c mc meo trn vch tng, ng i, hc kt, cng rnh phi thot nc, khng c mi hi thi. St trng phng ln men: 1 tun mt ln bng cch rc thuc vo cc gm thng ln men, cc gc kt vo ngy ngh sn xut.1.8 An ton lao ng Cc ha cht cha chlor (chlorua vi, hypochloride, chlor lng, kh chlor)Tc hi ca chlor ln ngi lao ng: Gy bng da, nguy him nht l bngmt. nngthp, chlor kch ng nim mc,gy chy nc mt, ho v co tht ph qun. nng cao, c th gy cht bt ng, do ngng h hp v ngt, ph phi v phng ha hc.Bin php phng nga: Thng xuyn kim tra, bo dng thay th thit b, my mc, ng ng kp thi v chlor n mn rt nhanh. Mang khu trang, gng tay, knh che mt khi tip XC vi ha cht. Khi tip xc vi chlor phi eo mt n chng chlor. Mt n phi trng thi tt, c hiu qu khi s dng. Tun th nghim chnh bng hng dncngvic cchlor. Khm sc khe nh k hng nm.> Formaldehyde (Formol)Tc ng ca formol ln ngi lao ng: Mt: cay mt, chy nc mt, kch ng mt. H hp: ho, sc, kh th, tc ngc, au hai bn thi dng. Da: sm da, nt n, da dy ln, nga ni mn, hoi th. Mng tay: sm mu, d gy, mm nhn, ng vy, au but. Tip xc mn tnh gy vim thanh qun, khn ting, km n, mt ng, tim p nhanh.Bin php phng nga: Mang khu trang, gng tay, knh che mt khi tip xc vi ha cht. Tun th nghim chnh bng hng dn cng vic c lin quan n ha cht. Gi ni lm vic thng thong. V sinh sch s ti v tr lm vic trc v sau khi s dng ha cht. Cc cht kim n da (NaOH, NH4 OH)Tc ng ca kim ln ngi lao ng:-Da: bng da, lot da. Mng tay, mng chn: d gy v rng khi ngm chn tay trong dung dch. Mt: bng nghim trng khi soude vng vo. Ung nhm s gy nn ma, au bng d di v thng dn n t vong.Bin php phng nga: Mang khu trang, gng tay, giy ng khi tip xc vi ha cht. Tun th nghim chnh bng hng dn cng vic c lin quan n ha cht. Gi ni lm vic thng thong. V sinh sch s ti v tr lm vic trc v sau khi s dng ha cht. Hi lnhTc hi ca mi trng lao ng lnh: Gy tn thng da nh sng ty, phng, vim lot da. Gy t cng mt cm gic cc u chi, vim tc tnh mch chi, gy au, vim c, vim dy thn kinh ngoi bin. D mc cc bnh v h hp: vim hng, vim ph qun, hen suyn. Tng nguy c mc cc bnh mn tnh v tim mch, thp khp.Bin php phng nga: S dng y cc phng tin bo v c nhn: o m,gngtay,m, giyng bo h. Ngi ngh 15 - 20 pht ti phng m (x lnh) trckhi ira ngoi hayivo phnglnh trnh thay i nhit t ngt. Ung nc nng, ngh gii lao ti phng m. n cc thc n y cht bo v cht m chng lnh. Kh CO2Tc ng ca CO2 ln ngi lao ng: nng thp (di 0.5%): kch thch trung tm h hp lm tng nhp h hp. nng cao (trn 1.5%): tng cng h hp, kch thch no, trung tm vn mch, gim cm gic, i khi dn n hn m.Bin php phng nga: Thn trng khi lm vic trong khng gian kn. Nu ni lm vic c nng CO2 cao v nng O2 thp th phi dng mt n cch ly (c ngun th ring) khi vo lm vic.1.9Phng chy cha chy (PCCC) Vic PCCC l ngha v ca ton th cn b cng nhn vin, k c khch n lin h cng tc. Tt c cc phng ban, phn xng, kho hng,... phi trang b y cc dng c, phng tin PCCC v b" tr nhng ni d thy, d ly, d s dng v bo dng tt, s dng cha chy kp thi vi hiu qu cao. Nghim cm un nu, ht thuc l trong kho hng, khu vc sn xut v nhng ni c bin bo Cm la hay Cm ht thuc. Trong sn xut khi s dng cc cht d chy, n, c, cn ch qun l tt c ngun la, in nhit v thc hin ng cc qui nh v quy trnh cng ngh v v sinh cng nghip. Khi thit k, thi cng h thng in v thit b in phi m bo tiu chun an ton v PCCC. Khi cn s dng hn in, hn hi cc khu vc nguy him phi c s ng ca ngi c thm quyn v p dng cc bin php an ton tuyt trc khi s dng.1.10 X l cht thi v nc thi:Nc ging dng v sinh my mc, nh xng c dn v h thng x l tp trung, ti y nc sau x l c dng tip ln 2, phc v vic ra nh xng, v sinh thit b. Dung dch cn t bn ln men c tp trung vo cc tank cha v p thnh bnh men, phn dung dch c a v h thng x l chnh. V kh thi:Kh thi t t ng lc (cung cp hi), xng chit v xng nu c i qua cc cyclone lng bi trc khi a ra ngoi tri. v cht thi rn: vi b hm t qu trnh lc nc nha, bnh men v bi malt, bi go c gom li v bn lm thc n gia sc. vi cht thi rn nguy hi, nh my hp ng vi cng ty v sinh - mi trng ch i chn lp.II. DY CHUYN CNG NGH2.1 Nguyn liu2.1.1 MaltMalt l tn gi chung ch ng cc ny mm (i mch, tiu mch, thc go, thc np). Tuy nhin Vit Nam cha trng c i mch, do phi nhp malt t nc ngoi nn chi ph sn xut tng ln. Do vy gi thnh ca tng loi bia tng ng vi hm lng malt nguyn cht, t cng mt phn quyt nh xem bia c ngon hay khng.

Hnh 1. i mch ngoi ng v sau khi thu hoch

4 Qui trnh sn xut maltNgm i mch vo nc iu kin nhit thch hp s ny mm xy ra; sau m mm, sy mm, tch b r mm, v kt qu thu c l malt thnh phm. Ngm i mchHm lng m c sn trong ht khi bo qun l t thiu, ch duy tr s sng tnh ca phi mm, ch khng d phi mm pht trin, v vy mun cho phi mm pht trin, ht ny mm tt, ht cn ht thm mt lng nc t do t mi trng. S chuyn bin t ht i mch thnh malt l kt qu ca nhng qu trnh sinh ha v cc qu trnh khc xy ra trong ht. Do vy, ngm i mch l qu trnh u tin v rt quan trng, nh hng trc tip n thi gian m mm, hao ph cht kh trong qu trnh sn xut malt, do nh hng n cht lng thnh phm ca malt.Cc yu t'nh hng + nh hng nhit ca nc ngm: trong mt gii hn nht nh, nu nhit nc ngm cng tng th tc ht nc ca ht cng nhanh v ngc li. Nhit ti u ca nc ngm i mch l 10 - 120c.+ nh hng ca oxi trong ncngm: giai on u ca qu trnh ngm trong nc, th oxy l yu t" quyt nh n cng h hp, gip gii phng ra nng lng cn thit cho s pht trin ca mm.Phng php ngmHin trn th gii s dng ph bin phng php ngm ti phun, bng phng php ny ta c th cung cp lin tc, y lng oxy cn thit cho ht. C th nh sau: ht trc khi ngm c ra s b nhng thng ring, sau c b xung mng li chuyn ng thnh tng lp dy, mng li ny lin tc i qua nhng vi phun nc kiu hoa sen, ht c ti lin tc bi nhng lung nc rt mn v bo ha oxy ging nh sng, lin tc nh vy cho n khi t m cn thit. m mmKhi ht i mch qua qu trnh ngm t n m cn bng cn thit cho s ln mm s c nhng chuyn bin l - ha, sinh - ha. Khi nu cc iu kin v m, nhit , oxy y v thch hp th phi mm s pht trin nhanh. C th ni giai on m mm l qu trnh quan trng nht bin i ht i mch thnh malt.m mm i mch nhm mc ch: to v duy tr iu kin thun li h enzyme thy phn tng trng v khi lng v cng xc tc. Gii phng h enzyme khi trng thi ngh to iu kin phn ct mt lng ng k cc cht cao phn t thnh cc sn phm n gin hn. ng thi ph v thnh t bo lm cho ht mm ra, to nn nhiu s bin i c l v ha hc trong thnh phn ht i mch.Bin i trong ht malt + Bin i sinh l: s pht trin ca phi mm lin quan n s h hp v qu trnh tng hp nn nhng cht mi.+ Bin i sinh ha: nhng phn ng thy phn cc cht d tr trong ni nh lin quan n cc enzyme.+ Bin i ha hc: l tc dng tng h gia sn phm sau thy phn cht d tr cng hp cht ha tan ca ht, t hnh thnh nn hng v ca ht malt.+ Bin i vt l: l s vn chuyn qua li ca cc cht ha tan (dinh dng) gia ni nh v phi mm.Nhng yu t'nh hng ti qu trnh m mmTrong thi gian m mm cn c s kim sot cht ch cc yu t" k thut ca mi trng, c bit l oxy, nhit , m nhm khng ch c s pht trin tthiu ca mm r v mm l, ng thi phi hot ha t a cc h enzyme. Chnh nhng h enzyme ny s tc ng mnh n cc bin i sinh ha trong ni nh, nh vy s thu c malt c phn gii cao, c li khi s dng trong qu trnh nu nc nha v sau.Nhit m mm ng mt vai tr c bit quan trng, nh hng trc tip n hot ng enzyme trong thi gian ht ny mm, nhit ht malt c xu hng tng dn do s thi nhit trong qu trnh h hp. Trong mt gii hn nht nh s gia tng nhit s thc y h hp, cng hot ng ca cc h thng enzyme. T to iu kin cho phi mm pht trin mnh, ng thi gim nhanh hm lng cht kh trong ht. Trong trng hp nhit tng qu gii hn cn thit s nh hng xu n hiu sut cht ha tan v cht lng malt.Cc h enzyme trong ht sau giai on m mm + H enzyme oxy ha - kh: tham gia xc tc qu trnh h hp ca ht i mch gm c cc enzyme nh oxydase, peroxydase, catalase, sacarase v maltase.+ H thng enzyme sitase: l tp hp ca cellulase, hemicellulase v -glucosidase. Tng hot ng ca h thng enzyme sitase trong qu trnh m mm s lm thay i cu trc gia lp v ngn cch gia v tru v ni nh.+ H enzyme amylase: gm c a-amylase, -amylase v amilo phosphatase tham gia qu trnh thy phn tinh bt thnh ng maltose, dextrin.+ H enzyme protease: trong ht i mch, ton b h thng enzyme ny trng thi lin kt, hu nh khng hot ng.Phng php m mmS dng ph bin hin nay l phng php m mm thng gi, c tin hnh bng cch thi lung kh trc tip vo lp ht. Khng kh sau khi qua b phn iu ha s c lm sch bi, vi sinh vt, h nhit thp hn so vi nhit trong lp malt t 2 - 3c v m bo ha hi nc t khong 98 - 100%. sy maltMalt ti lun c mt lng m kh ln (W = 40%), v th phi tin hnh sy malt ngay sau giai on m mm chm dt sm s pht trin ca ht malt (s pht trin ca chi v r), hn ch t a tn tht cht kh ca ht, gip n nh cht lng malt khi bo qun v vn chuyn i xa.Yu cu-Tch trit m t do trong ht malt. Bo ton c hot tnh ca enzyme. Thng qua ch sy, ta thu c nhng loi malt theo yu cu k thut. Quan trng nht trong sy malt l to ra melanoidin, mt hn hp bao gm nhiu hp cht, l yu t" quan trng chi phi cht lng bia vng v l nhn t" quyt nh v hng v, mu sc, kh nng to bt cho bia en. Tch r, mm maltTrong thnh phn ha hc ca r malt cha nhiu hp cht thuc nhm acid alkaloid. Nu nhng hp cht ny tn ti trong bia s gy nn nhng v ng rt kh chu. Mt khc, mt s" thnh phn ha hc trong r malt l nguyn nhn gy nn nhiu ru bc cao trong qu trnh ln men bia. Do vy cng on tch r malt ng vai tr quan trng quyt nh cht lng ht malt v bia thnh phm sau ny. Qu trnh tch mm c tin hnh ngay sau khi malt va ra khi l sy. Lc ny mm v r trng thi kh, dn, rt d gy, tuy nhin nu ngui th chng s ht m, tr nn dai v kh tch trit . Bo qun maltMalt kh sau khi sy tch mm v r cn c bo qun tn tr nhit thp ( albumose -> polypeptide -> peptone -> acid amin Qu trnh thy phn ny c ngha v cng quan trng trong cng ngh sn xut bia. Mc d lng protid v cc sn phm thy phn ca chng chim mt lng rt b trong cht ha tan ca dch ng (5 - 6%) song chng ng vai tr tham gia s hnh thnh cht lng bia. Cc phn t protid nh amino acid, peptide l ngun dinh dng khng th thiu c cho nm men. Cc protide c phn t lng trung bnh (albumose, peptone, polypeptide...) s tham gia vo vic to v, to bt v gip cho bia c kh nng gi bn bt. Tuy nhin, cc protide c phn t lng cao thng l nguyn nhn gy c bia. Qu trnh m ha xong th chuyn sang cng on nhp liu cho t ni go sang ni malt, thi gian hi cho khong 5 pht, kt thc qu trnh hi cho nhit khong 65c. Gi nhit ny trong thi gian 10 pht. y l nhit ti u i vi hot ng ca enzyme a-amylase, qu trnh phn ct tinh bt trit nht xy ra giai on ny. Sau giai on ny qu trnh ng ha xem nh kt thc, tuy nhin vn cn mt s glucid chu nh hng ca a-amylase nn ta tip tc nng nhit ln 10c na tng tc qu trnh ng ha. Nng nhit hn hp ln 75c trong vng 10 pht v gi nhit ny trong khong thi gian 20 pht. y l nhit thch hp cho a-amylase tc dng ln amylose v amylopeptin ca tinh bt to thnh nhiu gc glucose t to thnh nhng phn t dextrin khc nhau, sn phm ch yu ca cng on ny l dextrin (chnh cc dextrin ny s to keo, bean, dy ca bt). n y qu trnh ng ha kt thc.

Nng nhit ln 76c vi mc ch lm gim nht ca h malt, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh lc. Khi nhit ln n 76c th c bm ngay qua my lc, tch dch nha ra khi b hm. Lc hm Qu trnh ng ha to ra dch ng giu cc cht cha nit d ng ha, v th vic lc hm l tch dch ng ra khi v v nhng phn ni nh ca ht khng tan. Qu trnh lc chia lm hai giai on:1/ Lc dch u: giai on tch dch ra khi b (nc ct), trong sut qu trnh lc th b hm ng vai tr nh lp tr lc.2/ Ra b: sau khi tch dch ra khi b, ta thm vo mt lng nc nng (78 - 80C) thu hi trit dch ng cn st li.- My lc p khung bn Cu to: Thit b gm nhng khung bng nha polypropylen chu nhit. vi bn mng th cha khng kh dng p vo phn dch nha nm gia bn dy v bn mng. Bn dy c Ip li lc tch gia nc nha v hm. gia my c trc chnh v h thng xch ko 2 bn, mc ch di chuyn cc module khi ra my. Pha di my c vt ti la b hm ra ngoi.Hnh 12. Khung bn lc ca my p hm

Filter cake washing in a plate and frame filter pressHnh 13. My lc khung bn

Hnh 14. ng i ca dch nha trong my

Nguyn tc hot ng:Qu trnh lm vic chia lm 6 giai on chnh.1/ a dch vo khoang lc: bm dch t di ln s dng p sut thp khong 0.15 - 0.2 bar, dch theo ng ng vo khong khng gian gia bn mng v bn dy.2/ Lc dch hm: trong khi bm dch hm vo, dy ca lp b tng dn to thnh mt lp tr lc trn mng lc. Ap sut tng ln trong 10 pht u nhm gia cht dch nha, sau khng i. K tip kh c bm vo bn nh, khin p lc tng cao ln khoang cha dch nha, to iu kin nc dch lt qua li lc vo bn trong bn ln, t theo ng ng dn ra bn trung gian. Thi gian lc ln 1 khong 20 pht.3/ Nn s b: khi dch lc u rt ht, b b nn li. Cc mng lc nn vi p lc nh 0.5 - 0.6 bar vo lp b nn chit c thm mt lng cht tan na. Giai on ny mt khong 5 pht.4/ Ra b: nc ra 78c c a vo cng vi ng vo ca dch nha ban u nhm mc ch ra ton b ng dn v ha tan trit lng ng cn st li nm trong phn b va lc. Giai on ny khong 50 pht.5/ Nn: tip tc dn kh vo nn phn dch ln 2, p lc lc ny tng ng so vi nn s b, thi gian khong 10 pht.6/ Tho b: giai on ny c thc hin th cng, ta tho ri cc bn ra v xt nc vo gia cc khe nhm y b rt xung.Tng thi gian lc khong 100 pht/m. Theo thi gian, cc bn lc b cong li, bin dng do nhit lm nh hng n qu trnh nn p. Mt khc, mng membrane cabn nh b mt tnh n hi, mng lc ca bn ln b nght, rch do phi bo tr nh k. Dch sau lc c dn qua bn trung gian trc khi chuyn vo ni un si thc hin qu trnh houblon ha. Houblon ha Mc ch: Qu trnh un si dch ng vi hoa houblon l nhm n nh thnh phn v to cho bia c mi thm v v ng c trng. ng thi cng xy ra mt s" qu trnh khc nh s gia tng nng , acid, cng mu[footnoteRef:3], s to thnh cc cht kh, nht gim xung. [3: ~9Tuy vy ta vn b sung caramen (ng kht) to mu cho nc nha.]

Dch ng sau lc cng vi nc b c ln mt s" vi sinh vt tp nhim v cc hp cht khng tan khc, nh qu trnh un si loi cc yu t" bt li ny, gip n nh thnh phn ha hc theo yu cu k thut. Thng hn hp dch ng sau lc v nc ra b c nng ng thp hn yu cu sn xut, ta gi l balling. Nh qu trnh un si ny mt phn nc s bay hi dn n balling s tng ln, v nh qu trnh h nhit dch ng ta c th iu chnh balling t yu cu.- Ni un si Cu to:c lm bng thp chu nhit, dng nhp liu c dn t bn trung gian xung. C ng thot hi t np v dn chung vi ng thot hi ca ni nu malt.Nguyn l hot ngNi c gia nhit bng hi, b phn truyn nhit kiu v ng c t bn ngoi. Dch s c bm vo ng ca thit b trao i nhit, hi nng i bn ngoi. Trong khi dch ng c cp nhit di p sut thng th bn trong b trao i nhit c s qu p nh bng cch iu khin p sut hi hoc tc quay ca bm, bi vy dch ng c un nng ti 102 - 106c. Kiu un si ny gi l un si p sut thp.Khi dch ng quay tr li ni nu, x p ra ldc ny din ra s bchi mnh m. t c hiu qu, ng ng dn dch ng c ng ng khong 20 cm, hdt dch ng t ni vo, to nn mt lc khuy dch ng bn trong. V th ni un si khng dng cnh khuy nh cc ni khc.u im ca dng ni nu ny so vi ni nu thng thng: Ap sut un si cao. Thi gian un gim 20 - 30% so vi cp nhit kiu v o, tit kimnng lng. Tng hiu sut chit cht ng t hoa houblon, proteintokeo kt tahonton. C th iu chnh p sut hi nc d dng, t " kim sottc bayhi vnhit si ca nc nha. Vic x p gip loi b cc cht thm khng mong mun, cc cht ny tch ra khi dung dch v bay hi ra ngoi.Thc hin un si tt lm gim pH, dch mu sng hn, v m v bn hng v gia tng.Nhc im: Cn thm nng lng in bm tun hon. Tn km chi ph bc lp cch nhit cho ton h thng. Tn km chi ph u t thit b truyn nhit v - ng.3.2 xng APVNc nha sau giai on houblon ha s c bm qua phn xng APV, ti y s thc hin qu trnh lng trong bng bn whirlpool v lm lnh bng my Alfa Laval. Giai on ny l khu cui ca nc nha trc khi vo tank ln men.

i- Thng lngCu to:whirlpool

CH THCH:1. Thn thng2. y3. Ca quan st4. ng thot hai5. Vi phun CIP6. ng dch vo7. ng dch ra8. Tho ra cn

Nguyn tc hot ng:Dch ng c bm vo thng vi vn tc ln theo phng tip tuyn vi thnh trong ca thng to nn vng xoy. Nh c lc hng tm, cn lng c ht vo tm thng v lng xung y. C th cc bc nh sau: Trc khi bm dch nha vo thng whirlpool, cn kim tra tnh trng v sinh, ng v m cc valve trn ng ng cho ph hp. K n, bm dch nha vo thng lng, thi gian bm ht dch nha t phn xng nu vo thng khong 20 pht. Sau , yn cho lng cn trong thng khong 30 pht. M valve ng ng ln tho nhanh dch nha. Khi th tch dch nha trong thng cn 50 hl th m valve ng ng nh tho tip dch nha cho n ht, iu ny trnh cho s xo trn lp cn gn y thng. Sau cng m valve y x b cn lng, ng thi dng nc nng (100C) ui ht dch nha cn d trong thng lng v ng ng.- Lm lnh Mc ch:Dch nha sau khi lng cn s c lm lnh n nhit thch hp, chun b cho qu trnh ln men chnh (gi tr nhit khong 8 - 15c, ty thuc vo i men s dng), vic ny gip tng kh nng ha tan ca oxi vo dch nha. Bn cnh , qu trnh lmlnh nhanh t 96c xung 8 - 15c c tc dng hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt v ngn cn qu trnh oxi ha cc polyphenol gy sm mu dch nha.Ngay sau khi lm lnh, dch nha s c np khng kh nhm bo ha oxi, to iu kin cho nm men sinh trng v pht trin trong giai on u ca qu trnh ln men chnh. Lng oxi cung cp khong 8-10 mg/1 dch nha.Cu to:

Hnh 15. Nha nng (mu ) v cht lm lnh (mu xanh) di chuyn trong my

My lm lnh Alfa Laval l thit b trao i nhit dng khung bn, thit b ny bn, hiu sut cao, a nng, d v sinh, m bo v trng, c cu to bi nhiu tm bn mnh bng thp khng g. S" tm bn ph thuc nng sut my. Thit b trao i nhit dng tm bn ny thuc loi 2 cp (dng 2 loi tc nhn lnh l nc v glycol), lm bng thp khng g. Bn nh ca tm bn c c l trn khi ghp li vi nhau s to thnh mng dn. Cu to ca cc tm bn c thit k sao cho khi ghp li th dch nha v tc nhn lnh s chuyn ng ngc chiu nhau hai mt ca mi tm v thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit. Bn cnh , cc ng gn trn b mt tm bn c tc dng to dng chy r, tng qung ng chuyn ng ca lu cht, dn n tng din tch tip xc, dn n tng hiu qu ca qu trnh truyn nhit.Nguyn tc hot ng: Nc nha 96c bt u c lm lnh nh nc lnh 16c. Nc lm lnh sau khi ra khi my c nhit l 68c. Nc nng sau khi lm lnh c thu hi s dng trong giai on nu - ng ha tn dng nhit, hoc gia nhit thm lm nc ra b.- Sau khi lm ngui s b, tc nhn lnh tip theo c th l nc lnh, glycol, amoniac hoc cn v dch nha c lm lnh xung nhit yu cu. cn kim tra my nh k nhm loi b cn bm trn cc tm bn, kim tra r r.Nhit (C)Vng 1Vng 2Vng 3Vng 4

H20Dch nhaH2oDch nhaH2oDch nhaGlycolDch nha

u vo329632703250-1235

u ra767043504335148 -15

Vn hnh thit b: Trc khi bm dch nha sau lng cn vo thit b trao i nhit, cn kim tra cc valve trn ng ng, bo phn xng ng lc cung cp glycol. M valve nc v valve glycol lm lnh. Ci t nhit u ra ca dch nha vng 4 ng theo nhit yu cu cho qu trnh ln men (8 - 15C). Trong qu trnh vn hnh, cn theo di biu ghi nhit ca dch nha sau khi lm lnh ti tng thi im bit c thit b lm vic c n nh hay khng, v a ra bin php khc phc kp thi.3.3 Xng ln men[footnoteRef:4] [4: Dch nha trc khi vo xng ln men phi m bo cc ch tiu: hon ton v trng, pH = 5.3, v Plato l 13.]

Chc nng T nhn men ging: ph trch vic nhn ging men, thu hi men sau qu trnh ln men chnh v chm men vo nc nha. T kim sot ln men: vn hnh cc tank ln men, kim sot qu trnh ln men cho n khi lc.Nc nha vo

8

5S'

Ch thch t hp phn xuanq APV - Ln men - Loc:1. Thng lng Whirlpool8. My ry men2. Van9. Tank outdoor3. p k, lu lung k10.Thit b thu CO4. My lm lnh Alfa-Laval 11.Tank ln men chnh5. Bom12.Tank ln men ph6. Thit b lc kh13.Bn nc pha bia7. Thng men ging14.Thng trn bt tr lc15. My lc ng16. My lc a 17 My lc ch18. Thit b n nh p sut19. Thit b bo ha CO20. Tank TBF (tng tr' bia) Thuyt minh c th: Chun b nm menNm men mi (men i u): c nhn ging quy m phng th nghim. Ti phn xng ln men, nm men tip tc c nhn ging theo quy trnh nh sau:CTP

Hnh 16. Quy trnh nhn ging men

Dch nha nng sau khi lng cn s c chm trc tip vo bn ln theo hng t di ln trn trnh xo trn, tng khi lng nha ly vo l 3200 kg. Dng hi nng thanh trng dch nha trong bn ln (thng qua lp v o), nhit khong 100c trong thi gian 30 pht. Dng glycol lm lnh dch xung 18c. Sau , chuyn 300 kg dch nha sang bn nh, ng thi cy men ging vo bn ny (khong 20 kg). Bt u thc hin nhn ging bn nh trong thi gian 2 ngy. Trong sut qu trnh nhn ging, dch men c bm tun hon v np khng kh v trng lin tc theo chu k: np 5 pht - dng 2 pht, nhit bn s c gim dn t 18c xung 8c ty theo giai on pht trin ca nm men. Sau 2 ngy, ng gim xung khong 7 - 8Pt, chuyn ton b dch men trong bn nh sang bn ln v tip tc nhn ging trong 2 ngy. iu kin nhn ging tng t nh bn nh, ng thi tin hnh v sinh bn nh. Kt thc giai on nhn ging th 2, ng cng gim xung khong 7 - 8Pt, chuyn 400kg dch men sang bn nh v thc hin li quy trnh nhn men lc u. Trong khi , ton b lng dch men cn li bn ln s c phn phi cho cc tank ln men chnh v sau cng v sinh bn ln chun b t nhn men tip theo. Trung bnh, mi tun s cho ra 2 m men mi v vng tun hon ca thng men ging khong 20 - 22 ln th thay thng mi.Nm men thu hi: do nm men c th s dng t 8 n 9 i. Sau mi ln s dng, nm men c thu hi, ry loi t bo men cht v cc cht kt ta ln vo men. Lng men qua ry c cn nh lng v phn phi vo cc thng cha. K n, ly mu nm men kim tra cc thng s: m c ca dch men, t l t bo cht, kim tra vi sinh. Trn c s , ngi vn hnh cp men s tnh ton lng men cho t ln men tip theo.Lng nm men b sung vo dch nha c tnh sao cho khi chm dch nha vo tank (c tank c in ln tank out door - TOD) th mt nm men khong 20 triu t bo/ml dch nha. Bo ha 2Trong suct qu trnh nhn ging ta phi thng xuyn sc kh O2 vo to iu kin hiu kh cho nm men tng sinh khi. Kh O2 c sc vo phi hon ton v trng. Do O2 i t phn xng ng lc s qua b phn lc kh trng v trc khi vo thng nhn ging phi li qua thuc tm KMnCU kh trng ln cui. Khi chuyn men ging t thng nh sang thng ln hay t thng ln qua ng ng n bn ln men chnh th ta dng p lc kh O2 y i l ch yu, ngoi ra c th dng bm h tr thm. Hm lng O2 np vo l khong 6g/l dch nha. Ln men chnhHin nay nh my s dng c hai phng thc ln men c in v ln men hin i vi thit b tank outdoor. Qu trnh ln men chnh nhm chuyn ha ton b lng ng trong dch nha ( houblon ha) thnh etanol v kh CO2 di tc ng ca nm men Saccharomyces Carsbergensis trong iu kin ym kh.- Ln men c inCu to:

3. Suppap an ton7. Nhit k4. Bng n8. Ca chy CIP

Thit b c dng hnh tr hnh khi ch nht, t nm nghing gc 5 so vi mt ngang, c lm bng st trng men, lm lnh bng v o bn ngoi hoc cc vng xon glycol bn trong tank (2 hoc 3 vng).Cc b phn chnh bao gm: Ca nhp v tho liu: dng np dch nha Van ly mu, nhit k, ng ng glycol lm lnh Suppap an ton hnh ch c cha nc bn trong: khi p sut trong tank tng t ngt th nc trong ng s b xo trn mnh. ng ng thu hi C2 Lantern: l thit b loi bt ra khi kh CO2 trc khi thu hi. Bn trong cha nc v c valve 3 ng chuyn CO2 v ng ng chnh hoc x ra ngoi. y tank pha bn trong c b phn chn nm men ln vo bia khi chuyn xung ln men ph. n chiu sng t bn trong tank v np knh quan stDin bin qu trnh: Nh my s dng phng php ln men gin on, ln men chm trong thit b kn. Dch nha sau khi c lng trong v lm lnh 8c c bm theo ng ng dn vo thng ln men chnh. ng thi dch nm men t thng nhn ging cp 2 cng s theo mt ng ng khc i vo thng ln men. T y dch men s c cy vo cng chiu vi dch nha ha tan vo nhau, sau dn ng n thng ln men chnh, cy ging theo phng php ny s lm cho t bo nm men phn b" u vo ton b khi nc nha ban u, to iu kin cho chng sinh trng v pht trin tt hn. Khi dch nha v dch men c bm vo thng 350hl t yu cu v th tch th bt u duy tr nhit khong 8c trong sut qu trnh ln men. Do trong qu trnh ln men, nm men s dng ng to ra ru v CO2 , ng thi ta ra lng nhit ln. Theo c tnh c 1 kg ng th dch ln men ta ra mt lng nhit 628 kcal. iu ny khin ta phi ch n vic theo di v duy tr nhit trong thng ln men. Nu khng c cp lnh thng xuyn, nhit ca thng ln men s tng, nh hng n cht lng bia sau ny. V vy, trong cc thng ln men s c cc ng ng lm lnh kiu rut g hoc ng ng dn chy bn ngoi. Trong thi gian ln men phi x kh bt kh CO2 trnh tng p sut gy n. Kh CO2 x ra khng thot ra ngoi khng kh m s theo ng ng quay v xng ng lc thu hi v s dng vo vic np chai, lon. Sut giai on ln men chnh mi ngy dch ln men u c ly mu kim tra plato nhm xc nh tc ln men, bit c qu trnh ln men n giai on no. Thi40gian ln men chnh thng vo khong 5-7 ngy. Lng nm men tip vo thng ln men l 20 triu t bo/ml dch ln men. Hin nay phng php ln men chnh ca nh my l gi nhit n nh 8c trong sut qu trnh ln men. n khi hm lng ng trong dch ln men cn khong 3.2 Pt th ta h nhit xung 5c, ri xung 2c nhm kt lng nm men. Lc ny l thi im kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh (hm lng ng st < 3 Pt), chun b ln men ph. Trong sut qu trnh ln men, xc t bo v cn ln men tp trung di y thng, do thit k ng ng tho bia non cao hn lp cn ny nn ta n gin ch m valve cho bia non chy xung cc thng ln men ph t tng di. Nm men di y thng s c bm thu hi v tank cha ti s dng hoc p lm bnh men.- Ln men hin i (trong tank outdoor)Cu to:Thit b c dng hnh tr ng, lm bng thp khng g, y cn vi gc cn l 70c. L thit b c th thc hin qu trnh c hai qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph (nhng y nh my ch dng ln men chnh). Thit b c 5 on c lm lnh bng glycol (hin nay nh my ch dng 3 on gia lm lnh cn on y v nh khng s dng), k n l lp v cch nhit v ngoi cng l lp v nhm.Cc b phn chnh bao gm: C cu x p: phng khi p sut trong tank tng t ngt, gi tr p trong tank ti a ci t l 1 bar. C cu tng p: khi p sut bn trong tank gim t ngt n p sut chn khng, th c cu ny c tc dng ht khng kh t bn ngoi vo cn bng li p sut, trnh cho tank chu lc p ln t bn ngoi tc dng. C cu tho v nhp liu phn y ca tank, van ly mu, cc u d nhit , ng ng thu hi C2.

Cor cu x pCo'cu tng pp ic trong tank

Quy trnh chm dch nha vo tank out door tng t nh tank c in nhng vi lng dch nha nhiu hn (khong 1900 hl). Do cu to c lm lnh theo tng on nn c th to s i lu t nhin, tng kh nng tip xc ca nm men vi c cht, tc ln men cao, gip rt ngn thi gian ln men chnh. Nhit ca qu trnh ln men chnh c n nh nh h thng t ng v p sut tank c gi n nh nh c cu x p trn nh.Ngc vi tank ln men chnh c in, c cu tho liu phn y ca TOD cho php ly men ra trc ri mi chuyn bia i. Bn cnh , lng men cht lng xung y cng c x b d dng (thc hin vo mi ngy 1 ln) gip hn ch t a lng b ln vo nm men thu hi, chnh v vy nm men thu hi t TOD th khng cn phi cho qua ry.Khi ng cn khong 3Pt ng vi thi im kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh, h nhit xung 5c trong thi gian 6-8 gi gip to iu kin cho nm men kt lng tt. Khi nhit t yu cu, ng ng thu hi CO2, ng thi dng CO2 np thm (nu thiu) vo tank n p sut khong 0.5bar (iu ny c tc dng gip chuyn men d dng hn), sau m valve thu hi men.Do men TOD lng tt xung y v ng thi chu p lc ca ct cht lng pha trn kh ln nn men thu hi rt c, chnh v vy m phi s dng hai bm: men qua bm bnh rng nn n nh lu lng ri qua bm ly tm bm v khu vc x l men.Sau khi ly men xong, h nhit xung 2c chuyn bia sang giai on ln men ph. Do TOD v tank ln men ph nm cng mt tng nh nn phi dng p lc kh chuyn bia i. Trc khi chuyn bia i, np CO2 vo tank n p sut khong 1 bar. cn lu m valve np CO2 tht chm trnh kh li ko theo bt bia trong ng ng, dn n lm nght ng vo ti qu cu CIP nh, lm cho gim p lc y bia i (quan st thng qua ng h lu lng trn ng chuyn bia). Sau khi chuyn ht bia th gn li ng ng thu hi CO2 hoc x theo ng ng ngoi tri. Sau cng l tin hnh v sinh tank.

Ln men phy l giai on rt quan trng v trong giai on ny s din ra s lng trong nh h nhit t qu trnh ln men chnh sang ln men ph. nhit cao ca qu trnh ln men ph, cc ht nh khng ha tan tn ti l lng, n khi gp nhit thp phng ln men ph chng dn dn lng xung y thit b.Mt khc, nhit thp, qu trnh ng t nha hublon, cc hp cht tanin - protein cng din ra. T bo nm men chu nh hng ca nhit thp, p sut v nng CO2 cao nn cng lng xung, hp ph ln b mt t bo cc cht huyn ph khc nhau tip tc qu trnh ln men mt cch t t. Nh cc hin tng trn nn bia trong dn. Tuy giai on ln men ph, bia khng trong hon ton nhng nh khu lc bia s tr nn d dng hn.Qu trnh ln men ph ny c thc hin khi hm lng ng maltose v cc loi ng n khc hu nh c chuyn ha ht thnh ru. Trong thi gian ln men ph, nm men cn li trong bia non tip tc ln men lng ng cn li ny to ra CO2 v cc sn phm khc. ng thi lc ny hm lng diacetyl to thnh giai on ln men chnh c nm men kh v chuyn thnh acetoin, cc acid hu c tc dng vi ru to thnh este.Vy mc ch ca qu trnh ln men ph v tng tr bia l qu trnh thu c mt loi nc ung bo ha CO2 c hng thm v v d chu nh nhng qu trnh ha hc v ha l phc tp xy ra iu kin nhit thp. Do cng n nh c thnh phn v tnh cht cm quan ca sn phm.Phng php thc hin: Bia non c cho chy th nng xung bn ln men ph. Ti phng ln men ph ta s duy tr nhit ca dch bia non trong thi gian ln men ph l khong 0 - 2c. Du hiu nhn bit kt thc qu trnh ln men ph ty thuc vo yu cu ca tng loi bia c a ra th trng, phn ln ph thuc vo hm lng diacetyl. Khi hm lng diacetyl gim n yu cu th bia lc ny chn v c th em i lc. Thi gian ln men ph c th ko di t 12-40 ngy. Sau khi ln men ph, bia s c ly mu em n phng k thut kim tra cc ch tiu v vi sinh, ch tiu v ha l quyt nh xem lc c cha.

3.4 xng lc Qu trnh pha biaMc ch:Dng nc kh oxi (nc pha bia) pha long bia ln men ph nhm t c cc ch tiu dnh cho bia bn thnh phm t ra. - Quy trnh x l nc pha bia52

53

kh thot raNc d 80c vo thp

Vkt C02

X' Nc sau khi kh 0xiHnh 17. C ch kh oxi trong nc

Nguyn tc l dng kh CO2 ui oxi trong nc nhit cao (khong 80c, c tc dng lm gim ha tan ca oxi trong nc v thanh trng nc s b), c tin hnh trong thp kh kh.Nc vo t trn nh thp c phn tn u theo mt ct ngang ca thp, kh CO2 thi t di ln trn s ui oxi ra khi nc. Nc sau khi ra khi thp s i qua b trao i nhit nhm gii nhit mt phn.K n, kh CO2 s sc trc tip vo nc trn ng ng trc khi c lm lnh bng glycol n 3c. Nc sau khi x l c nng oxi < 0.05 mg/1 c dng pha bia.- Nguyn tc ca my pha biaHin nay, nh my p dng phng php ln men bia nng cao, sau tin hnh pha long. Trn c s , nguyn tc ca my pha bia l da vo ha tan nguyn thy ca dch nha ban u trc khi a vo ln men (khong 13Pt) v cn ca bia sau khi ln men ph (5.3 - 5.5%), ta ci t thng s" ha tan nguyn thy ca dch nha tng ng vi bia thnh phm mun pha ( O.G.%). Khi , my s tnh ton lng nc phav hin th cn sau khi pha. Trong qu trnh vn hnh, cn theo di v iu chnh thng s" O.G.% ci t cn t gi tr mong mun. Qu trnh lm lnhDo s tn tht nhit lnh trn qu trnh vn chuyn bia t tank ln men ph v my pha bia, bia sau khi pha c nhit khong 4 - 8c. Do vy, mc ch lm lnh bia sau khi pha l trnh s tht thot CO2 trong bia, ng thi to iu kin cho cc cn l lng tip tc kt lng c th loi chng ra qu trnh lc ng tip theo. Bia c lm lnh bng thit b trao i nhit tm bn vi tc nhn lnh glycol, p sut ca bia trc thit b lm lnh c gi tr khong 2 bar, nhit u ra ca bia l khong lc. Qu trnh lc ngMc ch:Qu trnh lc ng nhm mc ch x l lm trong bia, tng bn keo, bn sinh hc cho bia thnh phm. qu trnh ny, cc thnh phn cn hc trong bia c kch thc 10 .im bao gm: xc t bo nm men, mt s" t bo men sng cn st li, cc protein kt ta,... s c loi ra nhm gp phn hon thin tnh cht ca bia thnh phm.Cu to:Thit b c lm bng thp khng g, c thn hnh tr, y hnh nn. Bn trong cha cc ng lc, mi ng lc c to thnh t nhng vng xon l xo xp kht nhau, bn ngoi ng c bao bi 2 lp bt lc (s dng bt diatomite): lp bt th nm st mt ngoi ng, k n l lp bt mn.Nguyn l hot ng:

Thit b lc ng hot ng da theo nguyn l lc thm thu vi lp bt diatomite bao quanh ng c vai tr nh mng lc. Bia i vo thit b t di ln trn, qu trnh lc xy ra ngay b mt ca ng lc, di p lc thm thu, dch bia s i t ngoi vo trong ng, cn nhng thnh phn cn c hc b mng lc gi li mt ngoi ng, bia sau khi lc thot ra nh thit b.Cc thng s" kim sot trong qu trnh hot ng ca thit b lc ng l p sut bia i vo, p sut v nhit bia u ra, lu lng dng bia i ra, trong ca bia sau khi lc.

Hnh 18. Mt ngoi thit b lc ng

Vn hnh thit b:Trc tin l cng on p bt cho cc ng lc c thc hin nh sau: Lp bt th: s dng 2 loi vi tng khi lng 41 kg c trn trong 200 lt nc bn bn ngoi. Bm nc pha bia vo y thit b v tin hnh chy tun hon trong 15 pht o bt, quan st mt knh trn thn thit b bit bt p ht hay cha. Lp bt mn: dng 34 kg trn trong 200 lt nc bn trn v tin hnh tng t nh trn trong 15 pht.Trong qu trnh lc bia, dng bt mn ha trn bn bn ngoi v dng bm nh lng bm lin tc chung vi ng bia vo thit b lc. p sut bia vo thit b lc u l khong 2bar, nhng do trong qu trnh lc, cn c gi li bn ngoi mt ng lc nn dn dn p sut ca bia u vo s tng ln, bia sau khi lc c nhit 2c v p sut l 2 bar.Trong lc vn hnh, cn theo di p sut u vo ca thit b v khi p sut vt qu gi tr 6 bar th dng thit b x bt ra ngoi (v p sut t a cho php ca thit b l 7 bar), hoc khi dng lng bt quy nh th cng ngng x bt ra khi thit b.Cng on x bt c tin hnh theo chiu ngc vi ng ra ca bia. Trc tin, dng nc pha bia ui bia ra khi thit b lc. Bm nc vo thit b, m valve ng ng x bt. Np gi (khng kh) vo ng ra ca bia theo chiu ngc li (p lc gi vo khong 2 bar). Khi , gi thi t trong ng lc ra bn ngoi c tc dng lm ri lp o bt ra khi ng. Sau khi x ht bt th tin hnh v sinh thit b. Qu trnh lc aMc ch:Bia sau khi qua thit b lc ng t trong ca bia thnh phm. Tuy nhin, trong dch bia vn cn cc thnh phn cn l lng m mt khng nhn thy c vi kch thc < 5|im (ch yu l cc polyphenol, cc protein c phn t lng trung bnh), v trong qu trnh bo qun, s c mt ca cc thnh phn ny trong bia s lm gim bn keo, dn n tnh trng bia b c, sm mu. Chnh v vy, mc ch ca qu trnh lc a l nhm ngn chn hin tng trn, ko di thi gian bo qun cho bia thnh phm.Qu trnh lc a s dng nha PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) c kh nng hp ph chn lc tt c cc hp cha phenol, cc protein v diacetyl bng cch hnh thnh cc lin kt hydro.Cu to:Thit b c thn hnh tr v y nn. Bn trong c trc lp cc a lc. a lc c dng hnh vnh khn, c lm bng thp khng g, cu to gm 2 lp li ghp vi nhau: lp li c kch thc nh nm pha trn hng cc nha lc, lp th hai c kch thc l ln hn, c tc dng lp li pha trn, vnh trong ca lp li ny c cc khe dn dch bia sau khi i qua lp li trn vo ng trung tm.Cc a c lng vo ng trung tm, gia cc a c vng m. ng trung c gn vi trc ca ng c nm di y thit b. Trong qu trnh lc, tc ca ng c c ci t khong 45 pht s quay 1/4 vng o trn u cc ht nha lc trn b mt a.Nguyn tc hot ng:

c vch chi lu lng

Da vo qu trnh hp ph ca nha PVPP loi cc hp cht polyphenol, cc protein cao phn t ra khi bia. Cc thng s" kim sot trong qu trnh lc bao gm: p sut bia vo (2bar), p sut bia ra (2 bar) v nhit ca bia sau lc (2C).Hnh 19. Mt ct trong thit b lc aVn hnh thit b:Trc khi bt u lc bia, ngi vn hnh phi thc hin cng on p lp nha ln trn b mt cc a lc: Chun b nha: ha trn nha PVPP vi nc bn trn bn ngoi theo t l khi lng 1:9, pha thnh dch huyn ph c tng th tch khong 1560 lt. Trn 200 lt dch huyn ph nha vi bia thc hin p nha. Cho dch bia v nha i vo ng di ca thit b, khi ly bia vo y thit b th bt u cho chy tun hon trong thi gian 20 pht p nha, quan st knh thy dch trong l c. Trong qu trnh lc, nha s c trn tip vo bia bng bm nh lng. Lng nha c s cho bia ni a l 20 g/hl bia v bia xut khu l 25 g/hl bia. Khi bm ht ton b dch huyn ph nha vo my lc a th dng qu trnh lc tin hnh quy trnh ti sinh v thu nha v bn.Cng on ti sinh nha: Dng nc pha bia ui ht bia ra khi my lc. Tip tc dng nc x sch thit b trong khong 40 pht. Dng NaOH nng nng 2 - 2.5% chy tun hon 15 pht tnh t lc nhit t 65c. Di tc ca NaOH nhit cao, cc hp cht hp ph trn b mt nha s c ra gii. Dng nc ra sch NaOH trong 40 pht, kim tra li bng giy qu. Dng HNO3 nng 0.1% chy tun hon trong 15 pht tnh t lc nhit t 85c. Tip tc dng nc ra li trong 40 pht v kim tra bng giy qu.Cng on thu hi nha: Dng CO2 np ng ng vo thi nha ra khi b mt a v ri xung y , ldc ny nc b y ht ra khi thit b. Tip tc bm nc vo thit b v tng tc quay ca ng c x tip lng nha cn st li trn a ng thi m valve trn ng ng thu hi nha v bn. Lp li nhiu ln cho n khi quan st thy mt a sch v nc trong sut l c.

Sau khi thu hi nha v bn, khuy trn u v ly vo ng ong 1000ml huyn ph nha, lng t nhin, sau kim tra nu lp nha lng t hn mc 500ml, ngha l bt nha b hao ht, cn phi b sung thm nha vo bn. Qu trnh lc chMc ch:Qu trnh lc ch c tc dng phng h loi nhng cn cn st li trong bia nh: bt lc diatomite hay nha PVPP ln trong bia, gp phn m bo trong tt cho bia. Bia trc khi vo my lc ch s c trn vi dung dch cha vicant, l cht c kh nng chng oxi ha, gip ko di thi gian bo qun cho bia. Lng vicant s dng cho bia ni a l 2 g/1 bia v bia xut khu l 3 g/1 bia.Cu to:Thit b hnh tr, lm bng thp khng g, bn trong cha cc ng ch. Mi ng c li l ng li inox, bn ngoi c qun ch mu trngHnh 20. Cc loi ng ch ph bin

Nguyn l hot ng:Bia vo thit b s thm thu t bn ngoi vo bn trong cc ng ch v sau cng i ra ng ng pha di y, thnh phn cn st (nu c) s c gi li bn ngoi cc ng ch. p lc bia u vo khong 1.6 bar, nhit vo 2c v p sut u ra 1.6 bar.Trong qu trnh lc, ngi vn hnh cn quan st nu p lc u vo tng ln khong 2 bar th chng t ng ch b nght, phi ngng dy chuyn thay cc ng ch mi. Qu trnh bo ha CO2Mc ch:Nhm m bo cho bia c hm lng CO2 t gi tr mong mun, ci thin tnh cht cm quan ca sn phm.cu to:Thit b bo ha CO2 c dnh hnh tr t nm ngang, lm bng thp khng g. Bn trong c 3 ng ng trn c c l sc kh CO2 (2 ng di v mt ng ngn).

nng rch CO2

Trc khi vo thit b bo ha CO2, bia s c chuyn vo buffer tank n nh p sut khong 2 bar. B phn iu khin s ly tn hiu iu chnh lu lng bia t buffer tank vo thit b bo ha CO2 sao cho th tch bia trong buffer tank lun chim 40% th tch tank. u ra ca thit b bo ha CO2 c b phn phn tch nng CO2 ca bia sau khi c bo ha, trn c s , pht ra tn hiu iu khin valve cp CO2 vo thit b bo ha sao cho m bo nng CO2 trong bia u ra t gi tr ci t. p sut ca bia trc khi bm qua khu vc TBF c gi tr n nh l 2 bar.Vn hnh thit b:Trc khi chuyn bia vo buffer tank, cn np CO2 gi p sut bn trong khong 1.2 bar. Ci t gi tr % th tch ca bia trong buffer tank l 40%, v khi th tch bia c gia n nh th p sut trn mt thong ca tank c gi tr khong 2 bar. thit b bo ha CO2, ngi vn hnh cn ci t thng s" nng CO2 trong bia sau bo ha, v trong qu trnh vn hnh cn theo di thng xuyn trnh p sut u ra ca thit b bo ha tng t ngt trong trng hp tn hiu iu khin khng chnh xc.Ton b dy chuyn tnh t lc pha bia n khi chuyn bia qua khu vc TBF u hot ng ng b, lin tc v da trn nguyn tc l lc ng p: p sut u vo v p sut u ra ca dy chuyn l 2 bar. Tng tr bia khu vc TBF:Cc tank khu vc TBF c cu to tng t tank ln men chnh c in, c lp v lm lnh bng glycol. Trc khi np bia vo tank, dng kh CO2 ci p sut trong tank khong0. 8 - 1 bar nhm trnh hin tng tht thot CO2, ng thi ci p sut t a trong tank l501.5 bar. Trong qu trnh bia tr TBF, cc tank c lm lnh di 5c. Bia tng tr trong TBF cn t cc ch tiu bn thnh phm nh sau:Ch tiun vLoi bia

333355450

ho tan nguyn thuPt12.211.310.2

cn 20c% Vcn/Vbia5.34.94.3

Hm lng C2 ho tang/15.35.35.3

chuaml NaOH O.lN/lOml bia1.61.51.4

muEBC6.56.56

trong%