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‘Bank on Design’ (BOND)

By

Frederik Paul Halsted, MSc BA (Hons)

A research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree:

Certificate of Advanced Studies (CAS)Corporate Design and Visual Identity

Department of Design, Department of Cultural AnalysisDesign2context

Zurich University of the Arts, ZHdK 2010

www.multiplicity.zhdk.chwww.design2context.ch

Typeface: Georgia Supporting typeface: Bosis

The bank- concepTual pedigree

banking anno domini 2010- quo vadis?

FaciliTy = oppporTuniTy

bank nouveau- Think ouTside The bank

poinT oF arrival- resoluTion

poinT oF deparTure- absTracT and concreTizaTion

The end- is The beginning

hh poinT oF deparTure_

absTracT and concreTizaTion _The practice of banking has been built on

one of the human basic needs: Safety.

Banks’ critical mass and core lever are therefore regarded as trust and reliance. Status quo is that the symbolic power of bank identities has been out-weighted by our need to understand the gloomy realities of excessive risk-taking and performance against (brand) promise.

Trust is a very complex notion to assert regionally as well as trans-nationally due to fragmented perceptions of what we put our confidence in. Our beliefs and emotions differ, and are considered to be conflicting realities.

For this reason, it is critical for banks to attune and demonstrate commitment to societal diversity to future-proof their foot-hold as trustworthy entities.

Banks must embrace the hybrid society’s multi-cultural dynamics and face the seismic shift in the traditional power that once existed between companies and customers.

absTracT_

As the credit paralysis stretches. The crisis has moved beyond the collapse of mortgage securities, and is now eating into the bedrock of banking- and identity capital.

Money supply is created artificially by political confidence only, and bank users are contemplating putting extra cash under the proverbial mattress in anticipation of a potential double-dip and even more rainy days to come.

We live in a creative economy where design is the only sustainable form of leadership. This leadership should be directed to promote a stronger triple bottom line (peo-ple, profit, planet), where banks will have to change and ultimately shift the intersec-tion of money and meaning through their fundamental and visceral outfits by being more open, experimental and more hands on!

problem space_

meThodology_

‘Bank on Design’ (BOND), is concerned with the Western banking sector per se-and a particular focus on commecial retail banking. Ultimately, private and invest-ment banking will be touched upon as well as other financial institutions cannot be ne-glected.

Furthermore, it needs to be mentioned that BOND is an independent research project and therefore completely unbiased and non-case specific. In this respect, the fol-lowing visual essay content is of visionary and imaginative origin. Think about it as a ‘what-if’ solution applied to a real world scenario.

raTionale_

When banking is no longer respectful, we loose interest...

A chair is a raised surface used to sit on, commonly use for one person. Chairs often have the seat raised above floor level, supported by four legs.

The chair is of extreme antiquity and simplicity, although for many thousands of years it was an article of state and dignity rather than an article or ordinary use.

Extensively used as an emblem of authority in many various settings. Committees, boards and departments as such all have a ‘chairman’, and the most endowed positions are simply referred to as chairs.

The chair is figurative for authority.

aFFecTion_

a chair_

Richard Severin Fuld, Junior - Chairman & Chief Executive OffierLehman Bros. (1994-2008)

Dick Fuld is the name of the chair who was in charge of the first corporate collapse in 2008.

An incident which quickly proved to be of contagious and fatal danger to the everyman.

dramaTic TwisT_

The chair_

real(i)Ty_

The decline of one chair led to cause a domino effect which resulted in many people worldwide unexpectedly fell of their own chairs, so to speak!

For the remaining part, the economic paralysis literally had us sitting on the edge of our ... seat.

And street ...

release_

ramiFicaTion_

Close none had prepared for incidents of this rather inconvenient calibre.

A collective panic set in and commenced global, local and personal anxiety for the future and what to become of it.

In this respect, and under such disproportionate circumstances, people immediately start to look for immediate answers to their questions. Establishing a culprit was an easy taks. The cradle of money flow itself, the bank - in fact all banks!

All banksare hoax!

economical wiTh The TruTh_

consequenTly_

{We (the banks) possess your monetary assets and do with them what we like and frankly, there is nothing you can do as an account holder.

percepTion_

Fairbanks, alaska (usa)_

So, the hunt is on!

Finding an appropriate bank that wouldn’t do you and your beloved any harm instantly became the quest.

As money - especially your money - is a truly special and extremely personal thing, the vast majortiy of people quickly came to realise that finding fair banks is a place in Alaska ... quite literally.

mass panic_

Faired banking_

whaT is Fair?_

... except from those self annonced banks claiming to be fair. There is a few of them around, who’s concentrated message has been communi-cated through their tagline BC (before crisis) and AC (after crisis).

However, claiming to behave in a fair manner, you may start to ask yourself: what is fair?

On the people side of things, the reaction to this mass anxiety attack translated itself into a high-ly fragmented behaviour of doing and handling things in different and alternative ways.

With one common objective though: to be more independent and free from banking the way we have been familiar with for so long.

The total sum of sums became a total loss of trust towards financial institutions in general and banks in particular - no matter what they claim.

boTTom line_

b nk

diy_

Fyi_

How can banks re-establish trust through design??

main quesTion_

Back in the day, banking and management of wealth and finance was dancing to another tune. Equally important and desired. Wealth at its best came in conveniently practical and com-pressed from of e.g. gold, which brought at least one rather obvious disadavantage along: if not well hidden, it is easily stolen!

In early civilisations, temples were regarded the safest refuge of all: a firm and stable building, constantly attended, with a sacred character, which itself discouraged thieves and hudlooms.

However, this idle use of safe-kept valuables be-came apparent when the trading communities were desparate. In Babylon, under rule of Ham-murabi, there are records of loans made by the priests of the temple. The concept of banking was born.

Hammurabi was the first dynasty king of the city state of Babylon (present day Iraq).

Hammurabi is best known for the promulgation of a new code of Babylonic law: Codex Hammurabi (1790 BC (Before Christ)).

A notable effort is made in the Codex to better the position of the debtor and to protect him against the cruelty of his creditor. Yet it assumes that the debtor is criminally liable, even though a criminal intent is absent, and that he could be seized and punished for falling to meet his obli-gations.

Treating money-lending as perfectly legal, the Codex specifies the interest rates in some cas-es. Sibtu, a word meaning ‘growth’, stands both for interest and profit which was largely treated equivalently.

No coined money was known in the Babylonic Empire. Loans were made in weights of silver, barley , wheat, sesame other popular cereals.

The bank_

concepTual pedigree_

back in The day_

(90) “IF A TRADER HAS LENT SILVER AT INTEREST, THEN FOR EACH SHEKEL OF SILVER HE SHALL TAKE A SIXTH PART OF A SHEKEL PLUS SIX GRAINS OF INTEREST.

(92) “IF A TRADER HAS LENT BARLEY OR SILVER AND HAS DELIVERED TEH SIL-VER IN LIGHT WEIGHT OR THE CORN IN LIGHT MEASURE; OR IF WHEN HE COL-LECTS THE DEBT HE TAKES THE SILVER OVERWEIGHT OR THE CORN OVER-MEA-SURE; THEN THAT TRADER SHALL LOSE THE WHOLE AMOUNT THAT HE HAS LENT”

(117) IF A MAN CONTRACTS A DEBT AND GIVES HIS SON, DAUGHTER OR WIFE “FOR SILVER OR FOR LABOUR,” THEY MUST WORK ThREE YEARS AND THEN BE FREE. BUT IF SUCH PERSON GI-VEN OVER TO A CREDITOR BE A SLA-VE, THEN THERE IS NO FURTHER CLAIM ON HIS RELEASE, ACCORDING TO TO THE NEXT SECTION OF THE CODE.

(152) A DEBT IS INCURRED BOTH BY A MAN AND HIS WIFE, UNLESS SHE STIPULATES, BEFORE HER MAR-RIAGE, THAT HER HUSBOND SHALL NOT “ASSIGN HER TO A CREDITOR”

Further down the line, following to Jesus’ suc-cessful effort in ejecting, the back then so-called, ‘money changers’ out of the church and temples, the church also officially prohibited usury (the practice of lending money at unreasonably high rates of interest), which re-affirmed the view that it was a sin of biblical proportions to charge interest.

This forced the financiers to take there business and activity elsewhere. Going from the epiphany of safety - the temple - money changers installed themselves in the market among other mortal businesses and trades.

hammurabi codex_

changing The changers_

Controversial since we started counting the days.

Fiduciary* controversy has been around since day one in dealing, trading and safekeeping value.

An evolution that up until today’s times include changes of commodities from squirrel skins and precious metals to digitalised information.

In God we trust All others pay cash

*1) n. Latin meaning ‘trust’. Refers to a business or person who may act for another with total trust, good faith, and honesty who has the complete con-fidence and trust of that person.

2) adj. A relationship or situation where someone acts as a fiduciary for another

Interessentingly enough, the super complexion of the temple and the bank is still present in the iconography of banks.

Perhaps the most widespread and recognised rep-resentation for a bank remains the temple shape.

consecraTion_

Fiduciary conTroversy_

Coming back to where it all started - somewhere conveniently located in the furniture department.

The etymology of banks are most accurately close to being a desk, which make sense in respect of being in the area of the bank and business environment as we know it today, namely as a piece of furniture with a writing/working surface.

The bench however may have the same function, though it implies a different way and approach to dealing with the presumably same business and users. We know the bench as a long seat for more than one person.

A kind of a collective chair you want ...

Now ask yourself: does form follow function or vice versa?

Temple oF boom, doom & gloom_

bench-warming_

adj. a relaTionship or siTua-Tion where someone acTs as a Fiduciary For anoTher

The shape originally known as bank_

banking anno domini 2010_

quo vadis?_

Ever since 2008 when the economy took a world-wide sucker punch, a lot a things yet remain un-changed.

Most banks that were active in business back then still are. And the fundamentals and raison d’être of banking remains more or less untouched.

Banks’ ‘centre ground’ is simillar to back in the temple days: to provide safety, security and refu-gee for the savings of businesses as well as individ-uals. Banks support productive human endeavour and economic growth by effectively and efficiently distribute and allocate funds. Furthermore, banks aim to align and bridge divergent maturity needs of short-term depositors and long-term borrow-ers such that what goes in and out corresponds.

Should the worldwide credit paralysis have prov-en anything, an educated guess is the continuing and fundamental value of mentioned services to society at large.

Users’ essential need of banking also remain un-changed. Businesses and individuals need servic-es and accounts which enable them make transac-tions and hold cash - safely, of course.

Customers need the ability to access credit if and-when needed, from humongous corporate loans to microcredit installments for enabling invest-ment and economic progress. Customers also need to protect themselves against a broad variety of risks, consequences and ramifications on per-sonal as on business level. Wealth creation and savings vehicles are therefore required for invest-ments of customers’ beholdings, to which interval advice and financial temperatures are appropri-ate to keep up-to-date.

Lastly, the very core organisational capabilities on which banks rely in pursuing their customers needs and requirements are statically remaining the same.

wiTh Few excepTions_

2day_

banks anno 2010_

Todays banks are ‘universal diversified groups’ categorised as financial companies and engaged in an extensive variety of service and product activities.

Serving both corporations, institutions, private individuals and companies with insurance and mortgage brokerage over to corporate finance and wealth management, the predominant part of the big banks are plutocratically organised under a monolithic single brand name.

As a financial business conglomerate it is pre-sumably more managable to cut-through the markets, and to reach customer better if through use of a single name. A monolithic brand name offers a broad vari-ety of services and products horizontally related conventional banking. A kind of financial mega mixing.As an explicit part of the dubbing ‘universal diversified groups’, we are talking mastodonic sizes that consist of lots of companies, people, products and services.

UNIVERSALdive rsif ied

groups

more in one_

oFFerings_

horizonTal and verTical inTegraTion_

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bank

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loans

credit cards

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eban

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Pers

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bank

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The services and products on offer from banks are great examples of innovation in economic and fi-nancial modellling. If we take a look at an average offering to individuals with personal finance bank accounts, the general supply is extensive.

1) The horizontally integrated bank may be diver-sified in product and service offering, but is hori-zontal in it’s mixed offerings as everything sup-plied is from A-Z in finance.

2) Secondly, an illustative example of vertical of-fering is depicted in order to give an idea of what e.g. hyper markets are currently domiciling. A godzillary grouping of offerings and services.

1)

2)

The most important ones are the ones that make the whole menagerie possible, namely the finan-cial backers!

The financial backers behind the banks’ business is in layman terms consisting of two non-related parties:

Account holders and Shareholders.

These two bodies represent the outright owner-ship of the bank.

The Shareholder because they have invested in a direct stake of the venture and is awarded full-figured dividends.

The Account holder has put his or hers money at stake as capital for the bank to administrate and is awarded pennies.

accounT holder & shareholder_

holders_

Account holder Shareholder

The Three c’s_

proTecT, collecT, wasTe_

Users of aforementioned personal finance pro-ducts and services can be split even further into three different subcategories:

Clients, Customers and Consumers.

1) The lient.Is someone who uses the bank as a brokerage and usually requires a more proffessional rese-arch and advice. As it is more business related (bigger money), the client usually make a good earning dealing with the bank, and vice versa.

The original meaning of ‘client’ means seeking protection or influence of someone powerful.

2) The ustomer.Is the most common and someone who purchases products or services produced by the

bank on a general (almost mandatory) basis. The customer uses the bank as a means of admi-nistration and therefore the take-away profitable is in terms of interests only. ‘Customer’ comes from the being a collector of customs.

3) The onsumer.Is someone who buy products and services for personal use. A consumer usually makes the de-cision whether or not to purchase an item at the bank, and is also someone who is easily influen-ced by marketing. The consumer is a spender and doesn’t leave the bank any richer than upon entering. The predominant part of people are consumers with the common trait of spending more than the saving!

The origninally meaning of the word ‘consumer’ means one who squanders or wastes

1)

2)

3)

Besides from selling to- and servicing account holders, banks are in business to make a a bang out of your buck.

But how do they actually do that?

Well, banks’ core business is the concept of what is known as ‘asymmetric value information’. Assymetric value information is simply put: the value of knowing more than someone else.

Handling money as a means of information, ban-ks can manage the money logistics between A, B and C.

Who has what, and who needs what is the rudi-mentary basics of making-money-with-money!

money making_

inFormaTion is power_

A bank is an entity that ensures people against uncertainty for cash - pretty much similar to a car insurer not knowing whether your car is broken when selling you an insurance!

Fundamentally, a bank consists of two rather oxymoronic sides:

1) The Asset Side.Where the bank act as a delegated monitor, whos job it is to bridge the information gap between potential lenders and borrowers.

2) The Liability Side.This side deals with the collection of deposits and the impossibility of being able to pay account holders their money back - if asked for simultane-ously.

biz model_

a bipolariTy!_

FracTional reserve banking_

Put it this way: if a bank wouldn’t be vulnerable to a run - it wouldn’t be a bank!

This is the evidence for the reason behind the fact that a bank will always be impossible to repay cus-tomers back if everybody asked for their money at the same time.

Because banks only keep a fraction of their depo-sits in reserve and lend out the remainder, while maintaining the simutaneous obligation to rede-em all the deposits upon demand. This is called fractional reserve banking and is metaphorically similar to a game of musical chairs!

As long as the music is playing everybody is happy...

musical chairs_

All coming together, the essential platform of banking is built upon the multiplier effect, which is the information load coming together with the fractional reserve concept.

Banks have a significant greater flux, compared to influx, of money!

more is more_

Think_

why people bank_

Banks are the heart of the economy.

They pump the financial resources on which productive human enterprise depends.

Rationally, there is no trust in any bank per se!

Distrust is important and rational. Because it is important to understand that people don’t trust something they don’t know or understand- e.g. people don’t trust black boxes. Nor should you vice versa distrust because other distrust.

Safety in numbers is the applicable phenomenon here is the notion that being part of a large group or mass, an individual is proportionally less likely to be victim of mishaps. Just like a shoal of fish!

That is unless you are a white collar 45-year-old, who are the typical holder of uninsured money (+CHF100,000)

saFeTy in numbers_

5 34174

banks and markeTs_

Banks identify markets and trends using technical analysis based on frameworks, which characterises market trends as price response of the market at levels of price support and price resistance varying over time.

A bull market is asscociated with increasing inves-tor confidence, and increased investment in an-ticipation of future capital gains. A bullish trend in the market often commence before the general economy shows clear signs of recovery. A win-win situation for investors.

A bear market is a general decline in the stock market over a period of time. It is a transition from high investor optimism to widespread in-vestor fear and pessimism.

Typically, banks are pro-cyclical but aim for - and communicate - a somewhat more conservative profile.

$ bAnk

banking beasTs_

Bullish

Bearish

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capitalizecapitalized costcapitalized cost reductioncapitalized interestcapital leasecapital liabilitycapital losscapital loss carryovercapital marketcapital market efficiencycapital market linecapital net worthcapital rationingcapital requirementcapital resourcecapital sharescapital stockcapital structurecapital turnovercapitulationCAPMcapped-style optioncappingcap ratecaptive agentcaptive insurance companycaputcarcarriercarrot equitycarrybackcarry currencycarryforwardcarrying brokercarrying chargecarrying chargescarry-over chargecarry tradecarte blanchecartelcarve-out

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circular flow of incomecircus swapCitibankcitizen bondcivilian unemploy-ment rateclaimclaim dilutionclassClass A Sharesclass action suitClass B Sharesclassification of assetsclassified loanclassified stockclass of optionsclawbackcleanclean upclearclear a positionclearanceclearance timecleared datecleared fundsclearingclearing bankclearing brokerclearing corporationclearing firmclearinghouseClearing House Automated Payment SystemClearing House Interbank Payments Systemclearinghouse fundsclearing marginclearing memberClearing Member Trade Agreementclearing priceClearstreamclear titleclientclientele effectcliff vestingcliquet optionCLOcloneclone fundcloseclose a positionclose corporation planclosed corporationclosed economyclosed-end creditclosed-end fundclosed-end investment companyclosed-end mortgageclosed fundclosed joint stock companyclosed outclosed periodclosely heldclose marketclose outcloset indexingclose to the moneyclosingclosing agentclosing bellclosing costsclosing dateclosing entryclosing priceclosing purchaseclosing quoteclosing saleclosing statementclosing tickclosing transactioncloud on titleCLPCLUclub accountCMECME GroupCMOCMO REITCMT IndexCNBCCNYcoattail investingCOBRACoCo BondsCocos (Keeling) IslandCODCODAcode of procedurecodicilcoefficient of deter-minationCOF Index

COGScoincoincident indicatorcoinsurancecoinsurance effectCOLAcold callingcollapsecollarcollateralcollateralizedCollateralized Bond Obligationcollateralized debt obligationCollateralized Mort-gage Obligationcollateral notecollateral suretycollateral trust certificateCollaterized Loan Obligationcollectiblecollectioncollection agencycollection floatcollection ratiocollective bargainingcollective investment schemecollectively bargained plancollective trustcollision coveragecollusionColombian PesoColombo Stock ExchangeCOLTScomakercombinationcombination annuitycombination bondcombination matchingcombination planscombined financial statementcombined loan to value ratiocombined ratiocome inCOMEXcomfort lettercommand economyComment LettercommerceCommerce Bankcommercialcommercial bankcommercial creditcommercial financecommercial hedgercommercial lendingcommercial loancommercial mortgagecommercial mortgage-backed securitycommercial paperCommercial Paper Funding Facilitycommercial propertycommercial wellscommercial yearcommingled fundcomminglingcommissioncommission brokercommission housecommission recapturecommitmentcommitment feecommitment letterCommitments of Traders (COT)Committee on Uniform Securities Identification ProceduresCommoditiesCommodities Exchange ActCommodities Exchange Centercommoditizecommoditycommodity-backed bondcommodity channel indexCommodity Exchangecommodity futuresCommodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000Commodity Futures Trading Commission

commodity indicescommodity papercommodity poolcommodity pool operatorcommodity-product spreadCommodity Research BureauCommodity Trading Advisorcommon equitycommon-law votingcommon shareholderscommon sharescommon-size statementcommon stockcommon stock equivalentcommon stock ratioCommunity Develop-ment Corporationcommunity propertycommunity ratingCommunity Reinvest-ment Act of 1977Comoros Franccompanion bondscompanycomparative advantagecomparative state-mentscomparisoncompensating balancecompensationcompensation packagecompetitioncompetitivecompetitive advantagecompetitive bidCompetitive Equality Banking Act (CEBA)competitive intel-ligencecompetitorcomplete auditcomplex capital structurecompliancecompliance depart-mentcomplimentarycomplycompositecomposite tapecompositionCompound Annual Growth Ratecompound annual returncompound arbitragecompound growth ratecompoundingcompounding frequencycompounding periodcompound interestcomprehensive coveragecomprehensive incomecomprehensive insurancecompscomptrollercomptroller of the currencycompulsoryComputerized Trading Reconstruction Systemconcentrated portfolioconcessionconcession agreementcondemnationconditionconditional callconditional call optionconditional ordercondominiumcondorconduit borrowerconduit IRAconduit theoryconference callconfidence gameconfidence indicatorconfidence letterconfidence levelconfidentiality agreementconfirmationconformed copyconforming loancon game

congestionconglomerateconglomerate mergerCongo FrancConnie Leeconsensus forecastconsensus recom-mendationconservativeconservative growthconservatorconservatorshipconsiderationconsignmentconsolconsolidated bondconsolidated financial statementconsolidated mortgage bondConsolidated Quota-tion Systemconsolidated tapeconsolidated tax returnconsolidationconsolidation loanconsortiumconstant dollar GDPconstant dollar planconstant dollarsconstant maturityconstant maturity swapconstant maturity treasuryconstant paymentconstant payment loanConstant Proportion Debt Obligation (CPDO)constant proportion portfolio insuranceconstant ratio planconstant yield methodconstruction loan noteconstruction spendingconstructive receiptconsumerconsumer bankconsumer confidenceconsumer confidence indexconsumer creditconsumer debentureconsumer debtconsumer discre-tionaryconsumer durablesconsumer financeconsumer finance companyconsumer goodsconsumer interestConsumer Price Indexconsumer reporting agencyconsumer sentiment indexconsumer staplesconsumer stockconsumptioncontagioncontagion effectscontangocontingencycontingency fundcontingency ordercontingentcontingent beneficiarycontingent deferred sales chargecontingent immu-nizationcontingent liabilitycontingent ordercontingent pension liabilitycontingent remaindercontingent sharescontinuation patterncontinuing operationscontinuous com-poundingcontinuous inventorycontinuous marketcontinuous net settlementcontra accountcontra brokercontractcontract brokercontract for deedcontract for differencecontract gradescontractioncontract market

contract monthcontractorcontract salecontract sizecontractual plancontract unitcontramarketcontrariancontributed capitalcontributioncontribution margincontrolled com-moditiescontrolled companycontrolled wildcat drillingcontrollercontrolling interestcontrol premiumcontrol stockconvenience yieldconventional mortgageconventional optionconventional pass-throughconvention statementconvergenceconversionconversion arbitrageconversion optionconversion parity priceconversion premiumconversion priceconversion privilegeconversion ratioconversion valueconvertibility clauseconvertibleConvertible 100convertible adjustable preferred stockconvertible arbitrageConvertible ARMconvertible auction rate preferred stockconvertible bondconvertible currencyconvertible debentureconvertible debtConvertible Eurobondconvertible hedgeconvertible preferred stockconvertible securityconvertible term insuranceconvexconvexityconveyanceCOOcookie jar accountingcooking the bookscooling-off periodcooperativeCOPcopayCopenhagen Inter-Bank Offered Ratescopyrightcore capitalcore depositscore holdingcore PPIcornercornering the marketcorporatecorporate actioncorporate agentcorporate bondcorporate bond equivalentcorporate chartercorporate creditcorporate equivalent yieldcorporate fiduciarycorporate financeCorporate Financing Committeecorporate governancecorporate guarantyCorporate Income Fund (CIF)corporate repurchasecorporate resolutionCorporate Securities Limited Represen-tativecorporate spread durationcorporate stockcorporate structurecorporate taxcorporate trustcorporate venture

capitalcorporationcorpuscorrectioncorrelationcorrelation coefficientcorrespondency systemcorrespondentcosignercostcost/benefit analysisCost AccountingCosta Rican Coloncost basisCosting Systemcost of capitalcost of carrycost of debt capitalcost of equity capitalcost of fundsCost Of Goods SoldCost of Living Adjustmentcost of salescost-of-living indexcost-of-living ridercost-plus pricingcost-push inflationcost structurecottage industryCouncil of Economic AdvisersCouncil of Institu-tional Investors (CII)counterclaimcounter currencycountercyclicalcountercyclical stockcountermandcounteroffercounterparty riskcountry basketcountry riskcouponcoupon bondcoupon passcoupon ratecoupon yieldcovariancecovenantcovercoveragecoverage initiatedcoverage ratioCoverdell Education Savings Accountcovered arbitragecovered bondcovered callcovered interest rate arbitragecovered optioncovered putcovered straddlecovered warrantcovered writerCPACPIcrack spreadcramdowncram-down dealcrashCrash of 1929Crash of 1987crawling pegCRCCRDcreditcredit agencycredit analysiscredit analystcredit balancecredit bureaucredit cardcredit checkcredit cyclecredit default swapcredit derivativecredit enhancementcredit facilitycredit historycredit instrumentcredit insurancecredit life insurancecredit limitcredit linecredit nettingcreditorcreditor’s committeecredit ordercredit qualitycredit ratingcredit repaircredit reportcredit riskcredit score

credit scoringcredit spreadcredit squeezecredit unioncredit watchcreditworthinesscreditworthycreeping tender offercritical massCRMCroatian Kunacrop yearcrosscross bordercross border riskcross-collateralizationcross currency contractcrossed marketcrossed tradecross-hedgingcross-holdingscrossingcrossover fundcrossover ratecrossover rulecross ratecross-sellingcrowdcrowding incrowding outcrown corporationCrown Loancrudecrummey trustcrush spreadCSDCTACuban Pesocum rightscumulativecumulative dividendcumulative preferredcumulative total returncumulative translation adjustment accountcumulative votingCUPcup and handlecurbcurbs incurbs outcure periodcurrencycurrency basketcurrency boardcurrency call optioncurrency carry tradecurrency convertibilitycurrency fluctuationscurrency hedgingcurrency in circulationcurrency paircurrency put optioncurrency riskcurrency swapcurrency symbolcurrency tradingCurrenexcurrent accountcurrent account balancecurrent assetscurrent capitalcurrent cash debt coverage ratiocurrent coupon bondcurrent debtcurrent produc-tion ratecurrent ratiocurrent yieldcurvaturecushioncushion bondCushion TheoryCUSIPCUSIP numbercustodial accountcustodiancustodycustomary arrange-mentcustomercustomer margincustomer protec-tion ruleCustomer Relation-ship Managementcustomers’ net debit balancecustomscutoff pointCVEcyber investingcycle

cyclicalcyclical industrycyclical stockcyclical unemploy-mentCYPCypriot PoundCzech KorunaCZKdaily highdaily listdaily lowdaily price limitdaily trading limitdaisy chainingdamagesDanish Kronedark liquidity poolsdark tradingdated datedate draftdate of issuedate of maturitydate of paymentdate of recorddatingdawn raidDAXDAX 100daylight tradeday loanday of deposit to day of withdrawal accountday orderdays inventorydays payabledays receivableDays Sales Out-standingday tradeday traderDBADCFdead cat bouncedealdeal datedealerdealer bankdealer marketdealer optiondeal flowdealing boarddealing deskdeal stockdeath-backed bondsdeath benefitdeath playdeath putdeath spiral con-vertibledeath taxdeath valley curvedebenturedebenture stockdebitdebit balancedebit carddebit notedebit spreaddebtdebt/asset ratiodebt/equity ratiodebt bombdebt capitaldebt consolidationdebt displacementdebt-equity swapdebt financingdebt funddebtholderdebt instrumentdebt limitdebt limitationdebt managementdebt marketdebtordebtor in possessiondebtor-in-possession financingdebtor nationdebt ratiodebt retirementdebt securitiesdebt securitydebt servicedebt service coveragedebt service cover-age ratiodebt shelfdebt swapdebt to equitydebt to income ratiodebt-to-capital ratiodecedentdecile rankdecimalization

decimal tradingdeclaration datedeclaredeclinedeclining balance methoddecreasing term lifedecreededicated capitaldeducteddeductibledeductiondeedDeed of ReleaseDeed of SurrenderDeed of Trustdeep discount brokerdeep-discount bonddeep in the moneydeep marketdeep out of the moneyde-escalation clausede factodefaultdefault ratedefault riskdefeasancedefendantdefensive intervaldefensive investment strategydefensive open market operationsdefensive stockdeferdeferral of taxesdeferred accountdeferred annuitydeferred billingdeferred calldeferred chargedeferred compen-sationdeferred creditdeferred interestdeferred interest bonddeferred monthdeferred paymentdeferred payment annuitydeferred revenuedeferred sharedeferred taxdeferred tax assetdeferred tax liabilitydeficiencydeficiency letterdeficitdeficit net worthdeficit spendingdeficit spending unitsdefined benefit plandefined contribu-tion plandeflationdeflationary spiraldeflatordeflection of tax liabilitydefunctde jure corporationdelayeddelayed deliverydelayed openingdel credere agencydeleveragedelinquentdelistdeliverable billsdeliverable gradesdeliverable instrumentdeliverydelivery instrumentdelivery monthdelivery noticedelivery optiondelivery pointdelivery pricedelivery vs. paymentdelivery vs. receiptdelivery vs. repaymentdeltadelta cross hedgedelta hedgingdelta neutraldelta spreadDEMdemanddemand curvedemand depositdemand elasticitydemand inflationdemand loandemand-pull inflationdemand rightsdemand scheduledematerialization

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economic outlookeconomic Pearl Harboreconomic policyEconomic Recovery Tax Act of 1981economic renteconomic riskeconomicseconomic sanctionseconomic surpluseconomic valueeconomic value addedeconomisteconomyeconomy of scaleeconomy of scopeECSECUEcuadorean SucreEDGAREdge Actedicteducation creditEducation IRAEEKeffective ageeffective annual interest rateeffective dateeffective debteffective durationeffective net wortheffective pareffective rateeffective saleeffective tax rateeffective yieldefficiencyefficiency ratioefficient frontierEfficient Market Theoryefficient portfolioefficient surfaceEFTEGPEgyptian Poundeither-or ordereither-way marketelasticelasticityelasticity of an optionelective deferralelectronic blue sheetelectronic commerceElectronic Communi-cation NetworkElectronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and RetrievalElectronic Funds TransferElectronic Quotation Serviceelectronic walletelephantelevator pitcheleven bond indexeligibility require-mentseligible accountseligible listeligible paperElliott Wave TheoryEl Salvador Colonelvesembargoembedded derivativeembedded optionembedded valueembezzleEMEAEmergency Economic Stabilization ActEmergency Home Finance Act of 1970Emerging Issues Task Forceemerging marketEmerging Markets Free IndexEminent Domainemployeeemployee contributionEmployee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974Employee Stock Ownership PlanEmployee Stock Purchase Planemployee stock repur-chase agreementEmployer Cost Indexemployer matching contribution

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executionexecutive indemnity insuranceexecutorexecutrixexemptexemptionexempt securityexerciseexercise assignmentexercise dateexercise limitexercise noticeexercise priceexercise ratioexercise settlement amountexhaustion gapexhaust priceeximbankexisting home salesexitexit feeexit strategyex-legalexoticexotic optionexpanding triangleexpansionexpectations theoryexpected family contributionexpected returnexpected valueexpenditureexpenseexpensedexpense ratioexpensiveExperianexperience ratingexpirationexpiration cycleexpiration dateexpiration timeexpireex-pit transactionexplicit interestexponential moving averageexportExport-Import Bankexport licenseexport management companyex post real inter-est rateexposureexposure at defaultexpress agreementex-rightsex-rights dateex-stock dividendsextendable bondextendable swapextended broad moneyextended hours tradingextendible noteextensionextension of time for filing taxesextension swapexternal financingexternal fundsexternalityexternal marketextraordinary callextraordinary itemextrapolationextreme point ruleex-warrantsface amountface-amount certificateface valuefacilitationfactors of productionfactoryfactory ordersfadeFAFSAfailfail positionfail-safefail to deliverfail to receiveFair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003Fair Credit Billing ActFair Credit Report-ing ActFair Debt Collection Practices Actfair gamefairly valued

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intermarket spreadIntermarket Surveil-lance Information System (ISIS)Intermarket Trading Systemintermediaryintermediate goodsintermediate-terminternal auditinternal auditorinternal expansioninternal financinginternal growth rateinternal marketInternal Rate of ReturnInternal Revenue CodeInternal Revenue ServiceinternationalInternational Capital Market Association (ICMA)International Com-modities Clearing HouseInternational Fisher Effectinternational fundinternational market indexSwaps and Derivatives inverted saucerinverted scaleinverted yield curveinvestinvested capitalinvestinginvesting cash flowinvestmentinvestment adviserInvestment Advis-ers ActInvestment Advisor Act of 1940investment advisory serviceinvestment bankinvestment bankerInvestment Bankers Associationinvestment bankinginvestment banking groupinvestment billinvestment certificateinvestment climateinvestment clubinvestment companyInvestment Company Act of 1940Investment Company Amendments Act of 1970Investment Company Institute (ICI)investment counselInvestment Counsel Association of America (ICAA)investment flowsinvestment fundinvestment-grade bondinvestment strategy committeeinvestment styleinvestment trustinvestment valueinvestorinvestor’s equityinvestor relationsInvestors Service Bureauinvisible deficitinvisible handinvisible supply

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Markets exist because of differences, e.g. I sing you an opera and you cut my hair in exchange. As everybody knows something we live in an information economy where...

...the market works as a system of aggregating this knowledge: who knows what?All this information is analysed, categorised and divided to pieces.

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pre-sold issuepre-syndicate bidpretaxpre-tax earningspre-tax profit marginpre-tax rate of returnprevious balance methodpriceprice/earnings ratioprice changeprice discoverypriced outprice-earnings ratioprice efficiencyprice fixingprice gapprice indexprice leadershipprice limitprice makerprice oscillators (PPO)price persistenceprice rangeprice riskprice skimmingprice spreadprice stabilityprice supportprice takerprice to book ratioprice to cash flow ratioprice to earningsprice to earnings ratioprice to sales ratioprice transparencyPrice Value of a Basis Pointprice-weighted indexprimary credit ratePrimary DealerPrimary Dealer Credit Facility (PDCF)primary distributionprimary earnings per shareprimary exchangeprimary instrumentprimary listingprimary marketprimary mortgage marketprimary offeringprimeprime accountsprime brokerprime brokerageprime paperprime rateprime rate fundprincipalprincipal-agent relationshipprincipal amountprincipal balanceprincipal exchange rate linked securities (PERLS)principal-only stripprincipal riskprincipal shareholderprincipal tradeprincipleprintprior approval stateprioritization of debtpriorityprior lien bondprior preferred stockprior redemption privilegeprivateprivate bankingprivate companyprivate corporationprivate debtprivate equityprivate equity fundprivate fundsPrivate Investment in Public Equityprivate letter rulingprivate limited partnershipprivately held corporationPrivate Market ValuePrivate Mortgage Insuranceprivate placementprivate purpose bondprivate sectorprivate sector pass-throughPrivate Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

privatizationprivilegeprivileged bondprivilege dealerprivityprobability distri-butionprobateproceedsproceeds saleprocureproducerProducer Price Indexproductproduction possibility frontierproduction rateproductiveproductivityproductivity reportproduct life cycle pricingproduct lineprofessionprofileprofitProfit/Lossprofitabilityprofitableprofit and loss statementprofit centerprofiteerprofit forecastprofitingprofit marginprofit maximizationprofit motiveprofit ratioprofit-sharingprofit-takingprofit warningpro formaprogramprogram tradingprogressive taxprojectprojected maturity dateprojectionproject linkpromissory notepromotionproofproof of conceptpropertyproperty assessmentproperty damage coverageproperty insuranceproperty inventoryproperty taxproportional represen-tationproportional taxproposalproprietary tradingproprietorproprietorshipproratapro rataprorateprospectprospectusprosperityprotectionismprotective putprotective put buyingprotestprototype planprovisionprovisional call featureprovisional ratingprovision for income taxesproximoproxyproxy contestproxy fightproxy statementproxy votePrudent Expert ActPrudent Investor ActPrudent Man RulePSAPSLRAPTEpublicpublic bondpublic bookpublic companyPublic Company Accounting Oversight Boardpublic domainpublic employeepublic equity

public floatpublic goodspublic housing author-ity bondpublicitypublic limited partnershippublicly heldpublicly tradedpublicly-traded fundpublic offeringpublic offering pricepublic ownershipPublic-Private Investment Program (PPIP)public purpose bondpublic recordpublic relationspublic sectorPublic Securities Associationpublic utilitypublic works projectPuerto Rico Dollarpulling in their hornspump and dumppunitive damagespurchasepurchase acquisitionpurchase agreementpurchase fundpurchase ledgerpurchase loanpurchase methodpurchase-money mortgagepurchase orderpurchase outrightpurchaserpurchasing powerpurchasing power of the dollarpurchasing power paritypurchasing power riskpure competitionpure index fundpure leasepure monopolypure no-load fundpure playpurpose loanpurpose statementpurveypurviewputput/call ratioput bondput buyerput-call parityput optionput provisionput ratio backspreadput swaptionputtableput to sellerput warrantput writerPVBPPVIPYGpyramidpyramidingpyramid schemeQARQatari RiyalQQQquadruple witching hourqualification periodqualifiedqualified dividendqualified institutional investorqualified joint and survivor annuityqualified leadqualified opinionqualified retirement planqualified trustqualifying annuityqualifying ratiosqualifying sharequalifying stock optionqualifying utilityqualitative analysisqualitative researchqualityquality assurancequality controlquality costquality of earningsquality optionquality spreadquant

quantisequantitative analysisquantitative easingquantitative tradingquantity demandedquanto optionquarterquarterlyquarterly reportquarter-on-quarter (QOQ)quarter stockquasi-equityquasi-public cor-porationqubitragequick assetsquick ratioquick turnquidquid pro quoquiet periodquiet titlequitclaim deedquorumquotaquotationquotation boardquotequote sizequote tickerrabbi trustradar alertraidraiderraincheckrainmakerraiserallyramp uprandom walk theoryrangerankingraterate cardrate covenantrate differential swaprate-improvementrate lockrate of exchangerate of returnratifyratingrating bureaurating servicerating triggerratioratio analysisratio calendar combinationratio calendar spreadratio spreadratio writeratio writerraw landraw materialsR&Dreachreachbackreactionreading the tapeReaganomicsrealreal assetreal capitalreal economic growth ratereal estatereal estate agentreal estate brokerReal Estate Invest-ment TrustReal Estate Mortgage Investment Conduitreal estate ownedreal gain or lossreal GDPreal incomereal interest raterealizerealizedrealized profitreallowancereal rate of returnreal-timereal-time gross settle-ment systemreal-time trade reportingrealtorrealtyreal wagesrebalancingrebatereboundrecalculation methodrecall

recapitalizationrecapturerecast earningsreceiptreceivable daysreceivablesreceivables turnoverreceive against paymentreceivershipreceive versus paymentrecessionrecharacterizationreciprocal of European termsreckoningreclassificationrecognition lagrecognizerecommendationrecompensereconciliationreconstitutionreconveyancerecordrecord daterecouprecourse loanrecoveryrectangleredeemredeemableredeemable bondredeemable sharesredemptionredemption dateredemption feeredemption periodredemption pricered flagred herringred inkrediscountredliningreduced paid-up insurancereduction-option loan (ROL)REFCORPrefinancingreflationrefundrefundingrefunding escrows deposits (REDS)refurbishregionregional bankregional exchangeregional fundregisterregisteredregistered bondregistered checkRegistered Companyregistered competitive market makerregistered coupon bondregistered equity market makerRegistered Investment Adviserregistered options principalregistered options traderRegistered Repre-sentativeregistered retirement income fundRegistered Retirement Savings Planregistered secondary offeringregistered securityregistrarregistrationregistration feeregistration rightRegistration State-mentregressionregression analysisregression equationregressive taxregular-way deliveryregulated com-moditiesregulated investment companyregulationRegulation ARegulation DRegulation FDRegulation G

Regulation QRegulation SRegulation TRegulation URegulation Zregulatory agencyregulatory require-mentsregulatory riskregulatory systemrehypothecationreimbursementreinstatereinsurancereinvestmentreinvestment datereinvestment privilegereinvestment ratereinvestment riskREITrejectionrelated partyrelated party transactionrelative strengthRelative Strength Indexrelative valuerelative volatilityrelease clauserelease letterrelease of liabilityreload optionrelocateremainderremaining maturityremaining principal balanceremarginingREMICremiseremitremittanceremittance adviceremunerationrenegotiable raterenewablerenewable term life insurancerentrentalrent controlrenter’s insurancerentierREOreopeningreorganizationreorganization bondrepatriationrepayrepayment termsreplacement costreplacement cost accountingreplacement cost insurancereplacement riskreplacement valuereplevinreporeporting levelReports and Recordsrepossessionrepresentativerepricerepudiaterepurchase agreementRequest For ProposalRequired Minimum Distributionrequired rate of returnrequired reserve raterequired reservesrequisitionresaleresale valuerescheduled loanrescindrescissionresearchresearch and develop-mentresearch departmentresellerreservationreservereserve ratioreserve requirementreset bondsreset frequencyresidential energy creditresidential mortgageResidential Mortgage-Backed Securityresidential propertyresidential rental

propertyresidualresidual securityresidual standard deviationresidual valueresistanceresolutionResolution Funding Corporationresolution trust corporation (RTC)resourceresource allocationRESPArestatementrestitutionrestraint of traderestrictedrestricted accountrestricted securityrestricted stockrestricted stock awardrestricted surplusrestrictive covenantrestrictive credit policyrestructurerestructuringrestructuring chargeresultresumeresyndication limited partnershipretailretail bankingretail brokerageretail houseretail investorretail lendingretail priceRetail Price Indexretail sales indexretained earningsretainerretenderretention rateretireretirementretirement ageRetirement Equity Act of 1984retirement planretirement planningRetirement Protection Act of 1994retracementretreatretroactiveretrocessionreturnreturn of capitalReturn on AssetsReturn on CapitalReturn on Capital Employedreturn on common equityReturn on EquityReturn on Invested CapitalReturn on Investmentreturn on net assetsreturn on net worthReturn on SalesReturn on Total AssetsReunion FrancReuter dealingrevaluationrevaluation raterevenuerevenue anticipa-tion noterevenue bondrevenue enhancementrevenue neutralrevenue per available roomRevenue Reconcilia-tion Act of 1993revenue rulingrevenue sharingreversalreversal arbitragereverse acquisitionreverse-annuity mortgagereverse conversionreverse convertible bondreverse hedgereverse leveragereverse leveraged buyoutreverse mergerreverse mortgagereverse repo

reverse repurchase agreementreverse splitreverse swapReverse Take-Overreversing traderevertrevisionary trustrevocable trustrevocationrevokerevolving collateralrevolving line of creditRFPrhoRIArichriderrigged marketrightright of first offerright of first refusalright of recourseright of redemptionright of rescissionright of survivorshiprights issuerights offeringRight to Knowringrising bottomsrising pricesriskrisk/return trade-offrisk adjusted returnrisk adjusted return on capital (RAROC)risk arbitragerisk-averserisk capitalrisk categoryrisk disclosure documentrisk-free assetrisk-free returnriskless arbitrageriskless assetriskless rate of returnriskless transactionrisk managementrisk marginrisk neutralrisk premiumrisk raterisk reversalrisk seekingrisk tolerancerisk transferrisk-weighted assetRMDROAroad showROCROCEROEROIROICROLroll downroll forwardrolloutroll overrolloverrollover mortgageroll uproll yieldRomanian LeuRONROSROTArotationRoth 401(k)Roth IRAround lotround of fundinground trip traderound turnroyaltyroyalty trustRPIRRSPRSIRTORUBrubber checkRule 10b-6Rule 12b-1 feeRule 13dRule 144Rule 15c3-1Rule 19c3rule 2790Rule 405Rule 415Rule of 72Rule of 78Rules of Fair Practice

rumortragerunrundownrunning aheadrun raterun upRussell 2000Russell 3000Russian RubleRussian Trading System (RTS)rust beltRwanda FrancRWFsafesafe harborsafety-net returnSAIFsalablesalarysalary freezesalary reductionSalary Reduction Simplified Employee Pension Plansalesale and leasebacksale pricesalessales chargesales feesales forcesales growthsales ledgersales taxsales to cash flow ratioSallie Maesalvage valueSame Day Funds Settlementsame-day substitutionsame-store salesSamoa (American) DollarSamoa (West) Talasamplesandbagsandwich leaseSan Marino LiraSanta Claus rallySao Tome DobraSARSarbanes-Oxley ActSARSEPsatellite operationsatisfaction of debtsaturationsaucerSaudi Riyalsavingsavings accountsavings account rateSavings and LoanSavings Association Insurance Fundsavings bankSavings Bondsavings depositssavings elementSavings Incentive Match Plan for Employeessavings ratesawbuckSBASBDSBICscalabilityscalescale orderscalpscalperscarcitySCCscenarioscheduleSchedule 13dSchedule CSchedule K-1scholarshipscienterSCORscorched-earth policyScottradeSCRscreenscreeningscripscripophilySDDSDRseasonal credit rateseasonalityseasonedseasoned issueseasoningseat

SECSEC EDGARSEC feeSEC filingsecondary credit ratesecondary distributionsecondary listingsecondary marketsecondary mortgage marketsecondary offeringsecondary researchsecondary stocksecond lien debtsecond mortgagesecond mortgage lendingsecond preferred stocksecond roundsecond-to-die insuranceSection 31 feeSection 529 plansectorsector fundsector rotationsecularsecuredsecured bondsecured credit cardsecured loansecuritiesSecurities Act of 1933Securities Acts Amendments of 1975securities analystSecurities and Ex-change CommissionSecurities and Exchange Commis-sion rulesSecurities Enforce-ment Remedies and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990securities exchangeSecurities Exchange Act of 1934Securities Exchange of Thailandsecurities fraudSecurities Industry and Financial Markets AssociationSecurities Industry AssociationSecurities Industry Automation Corpora-tion (SIAC)Securities Industry Committee on Arbitra-tion (SICA)Securities Information Center (SIC)Securities Investor Protection Corpo-rationSecurities Law En-forcement Remedies Act of 1990securities lendingsecurities loansecurities marketsecuritizationsecuritizesecuritysecurity analysissecurity depositsecurity interestsecurity loansecurity market linesecurity ratingsSEDOLseed capitalseek a marketsegmentsegregated accountsegregated fundsegregation of securitiesseigniorageSEKselected dealer agreementselective disclosureself-amortizing mortgageself-dealingself-directed portfolioself-directed retire-ment accountself-employedself-employed incomeself-employed pensionself-employment taxself insuranceSelf-Regulatory

Organizationself-supporting bondself-supporting debtsellseller’s marketseller’s pointsseller financingseller liabilitySelling, General and Administrative Expensesselling climaxselling concessionselling flatselling groupselling hedgeselling on the good newsselling shortselling short against the boxselling the spreadsell limit orderselloffsell on closesell on openingsell ordersell order imbalancesell outsell plussell shortsell-side analystsell signalsell the bookSENAFSenegal Francseniorsenior debtsenior refundingsenior secured debtsenior securitysensitive marketsensitivitysensitivity analysissentimentseparate accountseparate customerseparately managed accountseparate tax returnsSEP PlansequentialSerbian Dinarserial bondserial correlationserial redemptionseriesseries 22Series 3Series 6Series 63series 65Series 7series bondSeries E bondSeries EE bondseries fundSeries HH bondSeries I Bondserviceservice contractservice creditservice feeservice markservicersessionsettlesettlementsettlement agentsettlement costssettlement datesettlement optionssettlement pricesettlement sheetsettlorset-up hedgeseverabilityseverally but not jointlyseveraltyseverance costsseverance paySeychelles RupeeSG&ASGDshadow banking systemshadow calendarshakeoutShanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)shareshare appreciation mortgageshare brokershare classshareholder

shareholder loanshareholder of recordshareholders’ equityshareholders’ lettershareholder valueshare priceshare repurchase planshares authorizedshares outstandingshark repellentSharpe ratioshelf lifeshelf offeringshelf registrationshelf velocityshellshelveShenzhen Stock Exchange (SSE)shock absorbershooting starshopshortshort bondshort call optionshort couponshort covershort coveringshortfallshortfall riskshort-form regis-trationshort hedgeshortingshorting against the boxshort interestshort interest ratioshort interest theoryshort legshort market valueshort positionshort purchaseshort saleshort sale ruleshort sellshort sell against the boxshort-short testshort squeezeshort straddleshort swing profitsshort swing rulesshort tendershort-termshort-term bond fundshort-term debtshort-term fundingshort-term gain or lossshort-term invest-ment fundshort-term reservesshort the basisSHPshrinkageshutdownSIASICSICAVside-by-side tradingside pocketsidewaysSierra Leone Leonesight draftsight letter of creditsigma primesignalsignal to noise ratiosignature cardsignature guaranteesignature loansignificant ordersilent partnersilversilver certificatesilver standardsilver ThursdaySIMPLESIMPLE 401(k) Plansimple interestSIMPLE IRAsimple moving averageSimplified Employee Pension IRAsimulationSingapore DollarSingapore Exchange (SGX)Singapore Exchange Limited (SGX)singlesingle-country mutual fundsingle-employer plansingle-entry book-keeping

single-factor modelsingle-life annuitysingle optionsingle-payment loanSingle-Premium Deferred Annuitysingle-premium life insurancesingle-state municipal bond fundsingle stock futuressinkersinking fundsin taxSIPCSITsiteSIX Swiss Exchangesizeskip-day settlementSKKskyrocketS&LslanderS&L CrisisSld Last SalesleeperslippageSLLSLMASlovakia KorunaSlovenia TolarslowdownslumpSmall Business AdministrationSmall Business Invest-ment Companysmall capsmall cap stocksmall corporate offer-ing registrationsmall firm effectsmall investorsmall issues exemptionSmall Order Execution Systemsmart moneySmithsonian Agree-mentsmokestack industrysnowballingsoaring marketssocialismsocially conscious investingsocially conscious mutual fundsocially responsible fundsocial responsibilitySocial Securitysocial security disabili-ty income insuranceSocial Security TaxSOESsoft commission arrangementsoft commoditysoft currencysoft dollarssoft landingsoft loansoft marketsoft moatsoft moneysoftssoft spotsoldsold-out marketsole proprietorsole proprietorshipSolomon Island Dollarsolvency ratiosolventSomali Schillingsophisticated investorSortino ratioSOSsour bondsourcesour crude oilSouth African Futures Exchange (SAFEX)South African RandSouth Korean Wonsovereign debtsovereign wealth fundsS&P/ASX 200S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price IndexS&P/Citigroup Global Equity IndicesS&P/TSX 60 IndexS&P 500

Spanish PesetaSPDSPDASPDRSPEspecial arbitrage accountspecial assessment bondspecial bidspecial bond accountspecial claim on residual equity (SCORE)special dividendSpecial Drawing RightSpecial Drawing Rightsspecial endorsementspecialistspecialist’s bookspecialist’s short-sale ratiospecialist block purchase and salespecialist marketspecialist unitspecialized fundspecial miscellaneous accountspecial offeringspecial purpose entityspecial-purpose bondspecial situationspecialty fundspecial use propertyspeciespectailspeculationspeculativespeculative stockspeculatorspendSpiderspikespinningspinoffsplitsplit-adjusted pricesplit commissionsplit coupon bondsplit offsplit offeringsplit ordersplit ratingsponsorSponsored ADRsponsorshipspoofingspotspot commodityspot marketspot monthspot nextspot pricespot ratespot tradingspot yield curvespousal IRAspousal remainder trustS&P phenomenonspreadspread bettingspread durationspread optionspread orderspread positionspring loadingsprinkling trustSPXsquawk boxsqueezesqueeze outSRDSRGSri Lankan RupeeSROSS1St. Helena PoundSt. Kitts DollarSt. Lucia DollarSt. Pierre FrancSt. Vincent Dollarstabilitystabilizationstablestable marketStafford loanstagflationstaggered board of directorsstaggered maturitiesstaggingstagnationstakestakeholder

stakeholder analysisstamped securitystandardStandard & Poor’s (S&P)Standard & Poor’s 100Standard & Poor’s 500Standard & Poor’s Depositary ReceiptStandard & Poor’s Global 1200 Indexstandard accounting practicestandard costingstandard deductionstandard deviationStandard Industrial Classificationstandard mileage ratestandard of livingstandard payment calculationstandby commitmentstandby loan com-mitmentstandingstanding orderstandstill agreementstapled securitystaple financingstart ratestartupstate bankstated annual inter-est ratestated capitalstated maturitystated rate auction preferred stockstated valuestatementstatement of addi-tional informationStatement of Cash Flowsstatement of conditionStatement of Financial Accounting Standardsstatistical arbitrage

statutory mergerstatutory stock optionstatutory surplusstatutory votingstaying powerSTDsteenthstep downstep down notestep-down leaseStephen Rossstep up in basisstep-up bondstep-up leasestep-up warrantstep variable costssterilizationsterilized interventionstickinesssticky dealstimulus packagestipulatestochasticStochastic oscillatorstockstock aheadStock Appreciation Rightsstock associationstock bonus planstockbrokerstock buybackstock certificateStock Clearing Corporationstock consolidationstock dividendstock exchangeStock Exchange of Thailand (SET)stock fundstockholderstockholder’s reportstockholder of recordstockholders’ equitystock indexstock jockeystock ledgerstock life insurance companystock liststock loanstock marketstock market crashstock market crash of 1987stock market game

stock market indexstock optionstock option planstockpilestock powerstock purchase planstock ratingstock screeningstock simulatorstock splitstock swapstock symbolstock tickerstock valuationstock watchstop and reversestop-limit orderstop-lossstop orderstop-out pricestop paymentstopped outstopped stockstop pricestoragestorestore of valuestory stockSTOXX Limitedstraddlestraight bondstraight line depre-ciationstraight paperstraight-through processingstraight valuestranded assetstranglestrapstrategic alliancestrategic buyoutstrategic planningstrategystreet brokerstreet namestreet sweepstress teststretch IRAstrikestructured productstructured settlementstudent loanStudent Loan Market-ing Associationstylestyle boxstyle driftsubadvisorSubchapter MSubchapter S Corporationsubcontractorsubindexsubjectsublimitsubmortgagesubordinatedsubordinated debtsubordination clausesubpoenasubprime loansubprime mortgagesubrogatesubscribesubscription agree-mentsubscription pricesubscription privilegesubscription rightsubscription warrantsubsequent offeringsubsidiarysubsidysubstance over formsubstandardsuccessionSudanese Dinarsuesuicide pillsuitabilitySuitability Rulessummary annual reportsummary plan descriptionSum-of-the-Years’-Digits Methodsunk costsun outagesunrise industrysunset industrysunshine lawssuperannuationSuper Bowl indicatorsupercedeSuper Designated

Order Turnaround Systemsupermajoritysupermontagesuper NOW accountsuper seniorsuper sinker bondsupervisory analystsupervoting stocksupplemental agreementSupplemental Security IncomeSupplementary Financing Programsuppliersupplysupply chainsupply curvesupply elasticitysupply schedulesupply-side economicssupportsupranationalsurchargesuretysurety bondSuriname DollarSurinam Guildersurplussurplus managementsurplus spending unitssurrender chargesurrender valuesurtaxsurveillance depart-mentsurvivor benefitsurvivorshipsurvivorship biassurvivorship insurancesuspended tradingSVCswapswap rateswap reversalswap spreadswaptionSwaziland Lilangenisweat equitySwedish Kronasweep accountsweet crude oilsweetenerswing indexswingline loanswing loanswing tradeswing tradingSwiss FrancswissieSwiss Options and Financial Futures Exchangeswitchingswitching costssymbolsymmetrical trianglesynchronous datasyndicatesyndicate bidsyndicate managersyndicate membersyndicationsynergysynthetic assetsynthetic collateral-ized debt obligationsynthetic leasesynthetic putsynthetic stockSYPSyrian Poundsystematic invest-ment plansystematic riskSystem for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrievalsystemic riskSZLTAC bondtacittactical asset al-locationtacticsTaft-Hartley Act of 1947tailgatingTaiwan DollarTaiwan Stock Exchange Corporation (TSEC)Tajikistan Somonitaketake a bathtake a flier

take a positiontake deliverytake-home paytake offtake-or-pay contracttakeovertakeover bidtakeover targettake profit ordertake profitstalking my booktangible assettangible costtangible net worthTanzanian Shillingtapetape is latetargettarget cash balancetargeted repurchasetarget leverage ratiotarget payout ratiotarget pricetarifftar sandstask forcetaxtaxabletaxable estatetaxable eventtaxable incometaxable municipal bondtaxable wage basetax accountingtax-advantagedtax and loan accountttax-deferredtaxedtax-efficientTax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982tax equivalent yieldtaxestax evasiontax-exempttax-exempt bondtax-exempt money market fundtax-exempt securitytax expensetax-free bond fundtax haventax identification numbertax lientax loss carrybacktax loss carryforwardtax lottax-managed fundTaxpayer Relief Act of 1997tax planningtax preference itemtax ratetax rebateTax Reform Act of 1976Tax Reform Act of 1984Tax Reform Act of 1986Tax Reform Act of 1993tax refundtax renevue anticipa-tion notetax returntax rolltax saletax scheduletax sellingtax sheltertax shieldtax statustax straddletax swaptax tablestax umbrellaTaylor Ruletear sheetteaser ratetechnical analysistechnical analysttechnical correctiontechnical declinetechnical indicatortechnical rallytechnicalstechnical signtechnicianTED spreadteenyoTel-Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE)telegraphic transfer

telemarketingtellertemptemporary investmenttenancytenancy at willtenancy by the entiretytenancy in commontenantten-baggertenbaggertendertender offerten percent guidelinetenuretermTerm Asset-Backed Securities Loan FacilityTerm Auction Facilityterm bondterm CDterm certain methodterm certificateterm depositterminal valueterminateTermination State-mentterm insuranceterm life insuranceterm loanterm repotermsTerm Securities Lend-ing Facilityterm sheetterm to maturityterm trustterritory bondtesttestamenttestamentary trusttestatetestatortestimonyThai BahtTHBtheoretical valueThe Streetthetathinly tradedthin marketthird marketthird partyThird Worldthirty-day visible supplyThomson FinancialThree-Phase DDMthree steps and stumble rulethriftticktickerticker symbolticker tapetickettick indicatortick testtick-test rulestiertigertightentight markettight monetary policytight moneytilted portfoliotime decaytime deposittime drafttime horizontimelinesstime notetime ordertime premiumtime-sharingtimes interest earnedtime spreadtime stoptime to markettime valuetime value of moneytime-weighted rate of returntiming optiontiming the markettipTIPStitletitle bindertitle companytitle defecttitle insurancetitle searchTJSTMM

TNDTobin’s Q ratiotoehold purchaseTogo Republic FrancTokelau DollarTokyo Commodity ExchangeTokyo Financial Exchange (TFX)Tokyo Grain Exchange (TGE)Tokyo Interbank Offer RateTokyo International Financial Futures ExchangeTokyo Stock ExchangeTokyo Stock Price topping outToronto Index Partici-pation SecuritiesToronto Stock Exchangetorttotal asset turnovertotal assetstotal capitalizationtotal costtotal dollar returntotal returntotal return indextotal return swaptotal shareholder returntotal volumetouttoxic assetstrackingtracking errortracking stocktradetrade associationtrade balancetrade barriertrade bloctrade busttrade credittrade datetrade deficittrade housetrade-in allowancetrade journaltrademarktrade nametrade payablestrade price responsetradertrade secrettrade showtrade surplustrade through ruletradingtrading aheadtrading authorizationtrading booktrading coststrading curbtrading dividendstrading floortrading haltTrading Indextrading on the equitytrading patterntrading posttrading profittrading rangetrading sessiontrading strategytrading unittrading variationtrading volumetraditional economytrailingtrailing P/Etrailing returntrailing stop losstranchetransactiontransaction coststransfertransfer agenttransferortransfer paymentstransfer pricingtransfer taxtransmittal lettertransparent marketTransUniontraveler’s checktreasurerTreasuriesTreasuryTreasury auctionTreasury BillTreasury Bondtreasury budgetTreasury Direct

Treasury indexTreasury Inflation-Protected SecurityTreasury NoteTreasury real yield curveTreasury real yield curve ratesTreasury Stocktreasury stock methodTreasury yield curvetrendtrend analysistrendlinetrend reversalTreynor Indextrial balancetrial offertriangletrickle-down theorytriggerTRINTrinidad/Tobago Dollartriple bottomtriple exemptiontriple net leasetriple tax exempttriple toptriple witching daytriple witching hourTRLTroubled Assets Relief Programtroubleshootingtroughtrusttrust companytrusteetrustee in bankruptcytrust fundTrust Indenture Act of 1939trust-issued receiptstrustortrust-preferred securityTruth in LendingTRYTSX Venture ExchangeTTDTTMTunisian DinarturkeyTurkish LiraTurkmenistan ManatTurks & Caicos Dollarturnaroundturnkeyturnoverturnover ratioTuvalu DollarTWDtwenty bond indextwenty-day periodtwenty-five percent ruletwenty-percent cushion ruletwistingtwo dollar brokertwo-sided markettwo-step mortgagetwo-tier bidtwo-way markettwo-way pricetwo-way tradingtycoontypeTZSUAE DirhamUgandan ShillingUGMAUGXUITUkraine Hryvniaultimatumultimoultra-short-term bond fundultra vires activitiesumbrella liability insuranceunappropriated profitunaudited opinionunbalanced growthunbiased expectations hypothesisuncertaintyuncertificated sharesuncollected fundsuncovered optionuncovered putunderbankedunderbookedundercapitalization

underemploymentunderfunded pen-sion planunderinsuredunderinsured motorist coverageunderlierunderlyingunderlying debtunderlying futuresunderwritingunderwriting agreementunderwriting groupunderwriting incomeunderwriting spreadundigested securitiesundiversifiable riskunearned incomeunearned interestunearned revenueunemployedunemploymentunemployment rateunencumbered propertyunequivocaluneven lotunfunded pension planUnified Managed Account (UMA)Unified Tax CreditUniform Commercial CodeUniform Gift to Minors Actuniform practice codeUniform Securities ActUniform Securities Agent State Law Examinationuniform submission agreementUniform Transfer to Minors Actuninsured motorist coverageunionunissued stockunitunit costUnited States Govern-ment SecuritiesUnit Investment Trustunit linkedunleveragedunleveraged programunlevered betaunlevered free cash flowunlimited liabilityunlimited riskunlimited tax bondunlistedunlisted tradingunloadunpaid dividendunqualified auditunqualified opinionunrealizedunrealized lossunrealized profitunrelated business taxable incomeunseasoned issueunsecuredunsecured loanunsponsored ADRunsubordinated debtunsystematic riskunwindup-and-in barrier optionup-and-out barrier optionupgradeupsideupswinguptickuptimeuptrendup volumeurbanUruguay PesoU.S. dollarU.S. Government Agency SecurityU.S. Savings BondU.S. TreasuryU.S. Treasury BillU.S. Treasury BondU.S. Treasury NoteU.S. Treasury SecuritiesUSDuseful life

usuryusury lawsutilityUYUUzbekistan SumUZSvacantvacatevacation club accountvalidvaluablevaluable considerationvaluationvaluation reservevaluevalue-addedvalue added monthly indexValue Added Taxvalue fundvalue investingvalue line investment surveyvalue spotvalue stockvalue trapVanguardvanishing premium policyVanuatu VatuVARvariable interest ratevariable ratio writevariable universal lifevariancevariationvariation marginVATVatican City Liravault cashVCVEBvegaVelda Suevewarehouse receiptwareswarrantwarrantywarranty deedWarsaw Stock Exchange (WSE)washwash salework forceworking capitalworking capital initiativeworking capital loanworking capital requirementWorking Families Tax Relief Act of 2004work orderworkoutworkout marketWorld Bankworld fundWorld Trade Orga-nizationX or XDXPFXRXWYankee bond marketyardstickyear-end bonusyear-end dividendyear-end priceyield to maturityyield to worstyo-yo stockY sharesYTDZZacks Estimate SystemZambian Kwachazero-coupon convertiblezero downtickzero-investment portfoliozero-minus tickzero-plus tickzero-sum gamezero uptickzetazig zagZimbabwe DollarZMKzombiezonezoningz-scoreZ sharesZ-spreadZWD

The actual translation of this enourmous glossary of bank neulogisms and sectoralpalaver is known by very few. Consequently, often misinterpreted.

The representation of banks is a therefore a truly cacaphonic experience and a highly filtered reality of what really is going on behind the counters, e.g. €1 = £0.88!

.... & Figures_

FacTs_

A reason for conflict between the user audience and banks has predominantly to do with they fact that people in general dislike money-as-an-institution. For other reasons, the vast majority of people is far more in favor of money-in-pocket.

Metaphorically speaking, the-chicken-and-the-egg analogy could be of close similarity in this re-gard: which part is prequalified?

However, this is an issue of great conflict and ful-fills the requirements of being a ‘wicked problem’.

As depicted on reverse spread, an equally relevant explanation about peoples’ general understand-ing of banking can just as well via a drawing of Pippi Longstocking and her horse Lilla Gubben!

bank branding_

The cacaphonic element in representation of banks and banking has to do with the fact that most people are unaware of the mechanical features of how a bank operates and works. There-fore, the trust factor is built around simplifaction.

Looking at the representation, association and corporate identification design of banks, it is use-ful to observe the symbolics to uncover the true identity and nature of the bank involved, and as-ses if the symbol is merely being an arbitrary sign that has acquired a somewhat conventional sigifi-cance or whether they represent real value.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - + € £ $ ¢ ¥ ¤ DR CR

basic bank symbolism_

convenTional bank associaTions_

selecT corporaTe bank represenTaTion_

100

M

M

moniToring_

The fact that we already know that a bank is a del-egated monitor looking after it’s depositors and their activities, brings us to another problem. Who monitors the monitors?

It is difficult for supervisors to speak up if their opponents earn more! For some reason, people in the bank world trust the part earning more money - therefore Risk Managers have a big say.

money Thor_

bank space_

The physical presence of the High Street bank is something we all know. It is a part of our everyday like the pharmacy, the bakers, etc.

With the big upswing of internet banking, one of the many changes has resulted in more and more people administrating and organising their pri-vate and business finances from a distance. The physical facilities and use of space has therefore been recessed and is therefore relevant to have a closer look at.

The following is an investigative overview of how banks most commonly use their facilities, and with a special focus on the proportional allocation of public and bankers’ space.

FaciliTy _

= oppporTuniTy _

a bank & an enTranT_

an errand & an exiT_

A. A bank , open for business B . An Account holder arrives C. Accountholder on 5-10 min. errand C. Accountholder leaves establishment

space_

Desk

Employee

Space

The Regular

Adapting spaces to suit specific purposes is noth-ing new. Ranging from personalising a space from comfort to actually treating a retail interior to suit and match user requirements, all interior design needs to combine two main elements - ambiance and function.

An environment tells us a lot about its user, so creating a functional and appealing environment that reflects a specific goal is crucial.

reTail environmenT_

space_

Business in the Back - party in the front

The Cornershop

space_

Full House The Scandinavian

space_

The Horseshoe The Coffee Shop

beans and banks_

Changing the grounds on which we bank have been under careful consideration since the world began. Innovation and rule-breaking hasn’t re-ally been the modus operandi in relation to re-inventing the conceptual grounds and experience of banking. As depicted, a common trend is cur-rently ravaging the High Streets of our dear old world. Fact is that the conceptual idea of serving a hot cup of mocca as an ice-breaker, is far from new.

325 years ago, in the bustling City of London, a young coffeehouse owner by the name of Edward Lloyd, whos coffee-sipping establishment became what we today know as Lloyd’s of London - the world’s leading insurance market.

What remains unchanged is the fact that a cup of joe is informal, uncommitting and nice!

Beancounters remain beancounters...

bank nouveau_

Banks deploy an urgency t0 re-restablish their “traditional closeness” to account holders (or at least something similar an ideal relation).

Even since global de-regulation kicked-in, banks’ value-adding activities, such as new financial in-struments, have proved to have a negative effect on most account holders and now the old and tra-ditional user is much hyped. Whether this is old wine on new bottles or the other way around is of indifferent nature.

Fact is, that apart from the babble and specula-tion, improvements need to be done! Real im-provements. Now is the time for banks to prove themselves different, once and for all, and actu-ally follow the philosophy that a strategy is not a strategy if not physically felt or seen - otherwise it is merely just a plan for a plan.

bank nouveau_

Think ouTside The bank_

‘Safety’ as a basic human need was intro-duced earlier, so in this respect Maslow’s hierarchy is revisited. The hierarchy begins with the most basic necessities considered ‘the physiological needs’ in which individu-als seek out food and roof over their head, and must be able to perform basic functions such as breathing and sleeping. As soon as these needs have been met, one move on to fulfilling the ‘the safety needs’, where one at-tempt to obtain a sense of security, physical comforts, employment, and property.

The next level is ‘the belongingness and love needs’, where people strive for social accep-

tance, affiliations, a sense of belongingness and being welcome, sexual intimacy, and perhaps a family. Next in line are ‘the self-esteem needs’, where the individual will de-sire a sense of competence, recognition of achievement by peers, and respect from oth-ers.

Once these needs are met, an individual is primed for ‘self actualisation’.Once a person has moved through feeling and believing that they are deficient, they naturally seek to grow into who they are, that is to self-actualize.

revisiTing needs_

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

SAFETY And SEcuriTY

LOVE and BELONGING

self- ESTEEM

SeLF ACTUALISATION

Banks’ centre ground is built around SAFETY , then packa-ged as trust and reliance to fight adverse impact.

hierarchy oF needs_

needs in conTexT_

Physical survival needs are wa-ter, food and a roof over our head. Once alleviated, we may think about other things.

PHYSIOLOGICAL

Evolved around establishing sta-bility and consistency in a chaotic world. Safety is concerned with physical safety, economic security and freedom from threats.

SAFETY And SEcuriTY

Belonging is acceptance, being part of a group, identification with a successful team. We need to be needed so to speak. A prime fac-tor in trust per se is the social be-longing and shared memories, an implicit way of interactive recogni-tion and love.

LOVE and BELONGING

Ego requires competence, atten-tion and recognition. This deals with prestige and status in what-ever field. This is about being (or at least) feeling like a #1.

Ego & self- Esteem

needs in conTexT_

Demonstrating ones full potential is a ongoing process involved in a cause outside peoples’ own skin. People on this need level work at some-thing very precious. This is a vocation or a call-ing in the old priestly sense. When people self-actualise they are fine, healthy, strong, sagacious (that is, very smart) and creative. A basic force which drives the person forward and onwards.

need in conTexT_

selF-acTualisaTion_

you are always on Their mind_

Speaking of self-actualisation and just being you. Apart from safe-keeping your valuable belong-ings, banks’ main business is claimed to be you. That is the relationship they have with their us-ers as the underlying basis of their activities and means of building a future. You need to be confi-dent that banks’ financial stability is secured.

You need to be reassured that the advice you are given is realistic and up-to-date. You need people by your side who are capable to look to the future to come by listening and understanding better. To help you manage, to execute transactions, to assist you in structuring and financing.

who are you?_

Self-actualisation rhymes with invidualism (if you know what I mean). Banks are viewing their ac-count holders according to how much money they have or don’t have. An understanding approach - as they are a bank after all.

It starts to become interresting though, when you realise that banks are actually comparing apples and pears. A somewhat surprisingly valid com-parison until you reach the ‘tribe’ classification. Here the analogy really proves its disproportion-ate dimensions.

you - The accounT holder_

apples & pears are (noT) alike_

Kingdom: PlantaeDivision: MagnoliophytaClass: MagnoliopsiaOrder: RosalesFamily: RosaceaeSubfamily: Maloideae or SpiraeoideaeTribe: MaleaeGenus: MalusSpecies: Malus Domestica

Kingdom: PlantaeDivision: MagnoliophytaClass: MagnoliopsiaOrder: RosalesFamily: RosaceaeSubfamily: Maloideae or SpiraeoideaeTribe: PyreaeGenus: PyrusSpecies: Pyrus Amygdaliformis

So, we got the idea trough advertising and marketing com-munications that banks are all about us - individually!

This may come as a surprise for some.

Peoples needs are obviously connected to money. How-ever, as the role of an ‘enabler’, the bank should recognise that (all) people require more than safety and security from banks when it comes to re-designing the trust as-pects of how to deal with them who deal with our mon-ey. How is it possible to engage a more full-bodied set of needs in banking?

bank need_

banks in perspecTives_

Credit Suisse HSBC

Well, banks are economically pro cyclical even though most try to escape the notion of being vulnerable at times.

Although ‘security’ should be a given and ubiquitous at all times, it is so that in ‘Boom’ times, people self-actualise through monetary earnings.in ‘Doom’ times, people downgrade.In ‘Gloom’ times, people shave their needs down to an absolute minimum. If money are kept away for rainy days, ‘Gloom’ times are those rainy days.

B

oom

Doom

Gloom

boom, doom & gloom_

Time is invertible.

banks in perspecTives_

S se

curit

y

U un

ity

R resp

ect

T tr

uth

T tri

ple b

otto

m li

ne

Trust is a derivate and compilation of human needs, and therefore key param-eters for analysing and judging a level of trust.

It could be argued that if a ‘full house’ of needs is presented, trust is established as it takes reciprocation, consistency, social validation, liking, authority, and scarcity for mankind to show his/her confidence.

ideally_

‘Funnel managemenT’_

Clearly we have to move on in order to move on!

Self-actualisation is the desire that will ultimately lead to maximizing one’s abil-ities and determine the path of one’s life.

It is the desire for self-fulfillment, name-ly the tendency for the individual to be-come actualised in what you are (capable of).

Full realisation of one’s potential.

Distilling the factors of people, society and bank-ing is not as easy as the a-b-c. In fact, it is as com-plex as the y-o-u.

Connecting with people in general requires a load of social skills that can be difficult to learn if you are not naturally gifted from birth.

Banks are in truth not naturally gifted conveyors. Certainly not when it comes to bringing across their endearing message of who and what they really are.

Perhaps it is not truly a top priority for banks to open up. As opening up is a far more wrongful in-trusion with the purpose of getting rid of the but-toned-down, dusty and conventional ways of do-ing things right, but simply a way of getting down to business by exploring, learning and growing (up)...

bank you_

poinT oF arrival_

resoluTion_

{As an account holder you partially have anoutright ownership of your bank (unless your balance is written in red). Therefore ‘YOU’ is a clear indicator the BANK YOU’s core business and message: You Own Us.

The 7 w’s_

concepTual raTionale_

Who The bank and account holders

What A facilitating hub for collaboration

Where Select branches

When 24-7-365

Why To connect, exchange and share abilities

For whom People, businesses and the economy

‘bank you’ sTraTegy visualised_

visual idenTiTy?_

BANK YOU is made from the descriptive compo-nents Y-O-U. It is composed as a singular symbol with a slight notion of the individual components visible for the keen eye.

The identity symbolises you, naturally.

Added to this, the identity is using a body lan-guage we are all familiar with when we celebrate or would like to get noticed : raising our hands above our head.

now ask yourselF_

Which ‘logo’ do you really feel part of when it comes to up-close and collaborative banking?

For correct answer, turn page upside-down:

opposite page, bottom left corner

you don’T sTand a chance_

An important aspect of BANK YOU is ‘getting it right’. Getting it right requires the ability of making the big idea visible and tangible through means of effectful and clear-cut definition. Oth-erwise, anything could be anything - so to speak.

geTTing iT righT_

YOUOU

BankYOU

BANK

BANK

BANKBANKBANKBA

NK BANK

BANK BA

NK

BANK

uu

idenTiFying idenTiTy_

ownershare_

so, whaT is iT all abouT?_

Peoplewise, BANK YOU is foremostly based on an idea that all users of the bank are equal. Equal in democratic sense. By flattening out the relation-ship between share- and account holders, account holders will have the opportunity of being able to contribute and follow the management and op-erations on a closer level.

Account holder Shareholder Owner

as in u_

you_

A YOU emblem

gaThering around a Table _

decenTralisaTion_

You and all the other yous who can support and gain from each others experience and connec-tions. Think of it as a social get-together with a twist of entrepreneurial notions.

subjecTs_

Table maTTers_

Gathering around a table with a selection of peo-ple related to you, or your profession, adds to the seriousity and level of integrity. A meeting of people conferring with the purpose of discussing various topics with a range of other people - who are not necessarily in the same line of business as yourself and your peers. The table is battleground and social meeting place for a myriad of topics and subjects that most often lead to a greater un-derstanding.

IDEA

S, OpIN

IONS,

prOpOSAlS

, plA

NS, Ex

-

pErIE

NcE, KNOw

lEDGE,

cONNEctIO

NS,

mEA

NINGS,

EG

OS,

thOuGhtS

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BIlI-

tIES,

OccupAtIO

NS, fA

mIly

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EAGuES

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EDucAtIO

N, lucK, p

rIvIlE

GES, w

AyS, p

rIN-

cIplE

S,

pErSO

NAlItIE

S,

OBSErvAtIO

NS,

ExpEr

tISE,

ImprES

SIONS,

SK

IllS,

fA

ctS,

fAcIlI

tIES,

ENcOuNtE

rS, m

EmOrIE

S, prO-

fESS

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ExItS

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IEfS

, OrDEr

S, w

EAlt

h,

rulES,

EStE

Em,

ImpOrtA

NcE, cONSc

IOuS-

NESS,

pOSI

tIONS,

purpOSE

, rES

pONSIB-

lItIE

S,

ABIlItIE

S,

pOwEr

, rEc

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tION,

NAmES

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S, fu

NctIONS,

IDEO

lOGIE

S,

tASK

S, r

OutES,

ANSw

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AND quES

tIONSID

EAS,

OpINIO

NS, prOpOSA

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plANS,

ExpEr

IENcE,

KNOwlE

DGE, cONNEc

tIONS,

mEANIN

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pErtIS

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prOfESS

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pOSItIO

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The x FacTor_

je ne sai quoi_

The X factor is an expression referring to an indefinable quality, particularly when referring to individuality and personality.

Since these elements of a person or thing might not be measurable or definable, the ‘X factor’ is often used to explain its appeal.

All in all, the unexplainable element of a person’s attractiveness.

IDEA

S, OpIN

IONS,

prOpOSAlS

, plA

NS, Ex

-

pErIEN

cE, KNOw

lEDGE,

cONNEctIO

NS,

mEANIN

GS, EG

OS, th

OuGhtS,

cApABIlI

-

tIES,

OccupAtIO

NS, fA

mIly,

cOllEA

GuES,

EDucAtIO

N, lucK, p

rIvIlE

GES, w

AyS, prIN

-

cIplE

S, pEr

SONAlIt

IES,

OBSErvAtIO

NS,

ExpEr

tISE,

ImprES

SIONS,

SKIll

S, fA

ctS,

fAcIlI

tIES,

ENcOuNtE

rS, mEm

OrIES,

prO-

fESS

IONS,

ExItS

, BEl

IEfS,

OrDErS,

wEA

lth,

rulES,

EStE

Em,

ImpOrtA

NcE, cONSc

IOuS-

NESS,

pOSItIO

NS, purpOSE

, rES

pONSI-

BlItIES

,

, p

OwEr

, rEc

OllEc

tION,

NAmES,

AccESS,

fuNctIO

NS, ID

EOlO

GIES,

tASK

S, rOutE

S, ANSw

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AND quES

tIONS

BANK YOU is concerned with individual and re-spective senses concerning future safety.

As trust is pivotal and a very diverse notion to as-sert individually due to fragmented perceptions of what we put our confidence into - including social situations, cultures, demands and markets.

Therefore it is critical for banks to attune and demonstrate commitment to society and our socio-economic diversity to re-claim and future-proof their foothold as trustworthy entities with focus on a range of fundamental needs.

There is nothing more to confidence than predici-ton. A confident prediciton is one that projects the future to be rosy, whereas an unconfident predic-tion projects the future as bleak.

Confidence defined is more than a prediction. The dictionary says it means ‘trust’ or ‘full belief’. The word comes from the Latin fido, meaning ‘I trust’.

However, the confidence crisis is also a credit cri-sis. The word credit derives from the Latin credo, meaning ‘I believe’.

bank you_

man’s besT Friend_

So, whether you like to keep your trusted one away from the house, or whether you have bought them their own house out of sheer love depends on how you look at it.

Some people also keep their trusted one in a leash, while others enjoy the comfort of having them running around without one. It all comes down to how you like to do things. We all do them differ-ently - even though the task or outcome may seem or even be of similarity.

Having it your way is usually the preferable way.

BANK YOU’s main aim is to facilitate your way!

give way_

FaciliTaTe ways_

you&we_

Thinking, developing and managing used to be an individualistic activity, a phenom-enon that has been turned upside-down by the www. Creativity is invariably a collabora-tive activity that thrives when people share and mix ideas, allowing them to cross polli-nate. You&We change how we debate, test, refine, develop and actualise ideas and think together. Peoples’ capacity for collaborative creativity will become evermore powerful be-cause the opportunities to engage with oth-ers in creative interaction are expanding.

Inspired by the www, sharing is key to new and unexplored territories.

Fiction

Big & bold

Invention

Hero

Spend

Start-up

Global

Closed

Numbers

Quantity

Growth by debt

Money from money

Fact

Sound & safe & stable

It works

Helpful

Save

Stay put

Regional & local

Closed

People

Quality

Growth from profit

Money from assets

Fact

Sustainable

It’s real

Enabling

Manage

Step-by-step

You&We

Open

You

Facility

Growth from sharing

Money from purpose

shiFTing markeT FacTors_

Bc - Before crisis Ac - After crisis By - Bank yOu

Why?In the name of trust, BANK YOU is innovation ap-plied for stronger closure and feel with bank users and their respective abilities through networking and meet-ing facilities in (not necessarily with) the bank.

Why?Mixing professions and people result in useful and sometimes quirky set-ups that may prove successful or simply just eye-opening.

Why?Because collective intelligence leads to greater collaboration and extraordinary understanding.

Why?Because it is lucrative to expand horizons and keep exploring in business and in personal life.

The 4 why’s_

same needs, diFFerenT abiliTies_

FaciliTaTing selF-acTualisaTion_

It could even be dubbed:Incredible Ability®

incredible abiliTy_

IA®

concepT communique_

OrGANIc GrOwth

Being organic is being related to or derived from any living matter. A concept best maintained by giving and getting given, so to speak. We facilitate your endeavors by providing the best surroundings possible. The rest is up to you ... until you need us.We see it as organising organic growth.

iii

concepT communique_

hAt IN hAND whEN GOING tO thE BANK?

Humility, apologetic and self-effacing feelings has been discontin-ued. Instead, you will have to wear your hat with pride and get to show your peers what you have, wish and want. We call it Incred-ible Ability® and see it as the ultimate in business and finance: a facility hub for networking and development inside the bank!

IA®

IA®

bank FaciliTy_

A facility is an establishment set up to fulfill a par-ticular function or to provide a particular service that gives the opportunity to do or benefit from something, usually an ability to do or learn some-thing well and easily; a natural aptitude.

In this respect, facilitation in connection with (present day) banking has remarkable touch-points in the department of spatial planning and conceptual service design.

The black box FaciliTaTed_

Combining the two main elements of ambiance and function, one question crucially needs an-swering: what is the function?

Glad you ask, because the function was just carved out: to facilitate ability. I.e. to collaborate and support people interactively where they need help and assistance in order to do and perform best possible, personally and biz wise. To excell even.

Creating an environment that reflects the specific goal of making ‘bank owners’ perform and self-actualise calls for ‘bank owner’ driven and excit-ing conditions.

FaciliTaTing human FacTor_

Think ouTside The bank_

The Surround Ground The Parasite

power in numbers_

Discard the notion about ‘safety in numbers’. We have moved on.Democracy means power of the people.People come in numbers.

0 3 3611

Think democraTic design_

say, whaT did bank mean again..?_

Shareholders convene around a table to debate and decide on important topics and themes on structure and budgets that need to be addressed in relation to nurturing and futureproofing their investments.

Account holders never convene - until now. They have occasionally arranged a meeting at a desk with their advisor to discuss important topics and themes in with regards to their, well, structure and budgets that need to be addressed in relation to nurturing and futureproofing their investments.

seTTing The Table_

A table is a piece of furniture comprising an open, flat surface supported by a base or legs. It may be used to hold articles or meeting at a con-venient or comfortable height when sitting, and is therefore often used in conjunction with chairs!..

On top of that, a table also carries the meaning of arrangement of numbers or other figures for con-venience.

Now imagine a bank with no bankers (inside), just you and likeminded people sharing ideas, opin-ions and expertise. An unlikely setting in bank - but certainly not for a bank!

FaciliTaTing selF-acTualisaTion_

in The bank!_

NOw, thINK Of yOur mONEy ADmINIStrAtOr.

Your bank is now yours - quite literally. We have left our premises to facilitate you and your like-minded to develop, progress and grow your ideas and inititiatives. We promise to leave you by yourself (until you need us :-). Meanwhile, think of us as an anchor for your entrepreneurship!

B.BANK YOU

‘new banker role’ communique_

‘new banker role’ communique_

A BAKEr’S cruSt IS A BANKEr’S truSt

A Baker’s recipe is his recipe for success. His most prominent quest is to constantly raise the bar, securing the freshness of his baked goods. The delicious crust is the parameter of the quality control and therefore the ultimate goal. A constantly challenging task which is only obtainable through dedication and hard work.

.BANK YOU

bank you, The FuncTion Formerly known as ‘picnic bench’_

The end_

is The beginning_